scholarly journals Characteristics of virulence, resistance and genetic diversity of strains of Salmonella Infantis isolated from broiler chicken in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Eliane P. Mendonça ◽  
Roberta T. Melo ◽  
Milene R.M. Oliveira ◽  
Guilherme P. Monteiro ◽  
Phelipe A.B.M. Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Human Infections

ABSTRACT: Salmonella Infantis is frequently associated with human infections worldwide and is transmitted by consumption of contaminated foods, particularly those of animal origin, especially the chicken meat. We aimed to evaluate virulence characteristics, antimicrobial resistance and the genetic similarity of 51 strains of S. Infantis isolated from samples of poultry origin. The strains were isolated from 2009 to 2010 in a company with full cycle of broiler’s production in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed and, by PCR, we evaluated the presence of the genes lpfA (hem-adhesion), agfA (hem-biofilm) and sefA (hem-adhesion) and resistance genes to beta-lactams (blaTEM, blaSHV, bla CTX-M and blaAmpC ). The phylogenetic relationship was determined by RAPD-PCR method. Among the drugs tested, the highest percentages of resistance were to amoxicillin (35.3%) and to sulfonamide (15.7%). Eleven antimicrobial resistance patterns were identified (A1 to A11), none of them presented a multiresistance profile (> 3 antimicrobials classes). There was 100% of positivity for the agfA gene, 92.2% for the lpfA gene, and no strain presented the sefA gene. Most of the isolates showed similarities in virulence potential, since they were simultaneously positive for two studied genes, agfA and lpfA (92.2%, 47/51). Of the 18 (35.3%) strains resistant to antimicrobials of the β-lactam class, 10 (55.5%) were positive to blaAmpC gene, five (27.8%) for blaCTX-M , two (11.1%) to blaSHV and no strain presented the blaTEM gene. The phylogenetic evaluation has shown the presence of five clusters (A, B, C, D and E) with similarity greater than 80%, and three distinct strains which were not grouped in any cluster. Cluster B grouped 33 strains, all positive for lpfA and agfA genes, from both, the broiler farming facility and the slaughterhouse, persistent throughout all the study period. This cluster also grouped 18 strains clones with genetic similarity greater than 99%, all isolated in the slaughterhouse. The presence of virulence genes associated with persistent strains clones for a long period, warns to the possibility of S. Infantis to form biofilm, and should be constantly monitored in broilers’ production chain, in order to know the profile of the strains that may contaminate the final product and evaluate the hazards that represents to public health.

scholarly journals Isolation and molecular characterization of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus from the pork production chain in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora D.S. Gobbi ◽  
Maria G. Spindola ◽  
Luisa Z. Moreno ◽  
Carlos E.C. Matajira ◽  
Maria G.X. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Origin ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Arcobacter Butzleri ◽  
Meat Markets ◽  
Human Infections

ABSTRACT: Arcobacter is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, and the major transmission routes to humans are the handling or consumption of contaminated raw/undercooked food products of animal origin, water and seafood. The isolation and identification of Arcobacter species are not routine in clinical laboratories; therefore, its true incidence in human infections may be underestimated. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize Arcobacter from carcasses and fecal samples collected at swine slaughterhouses and from meat markets in São Paulo State, Brazil. The isolates were identified using multiplex-PCR to differentiate the species and analyzed by single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (SE-AFLP). Arcobacter spp. were isolated from 73.0% of swine carcasses, 4% of fecal samples and 10% of pork samples. A. butzleri was the most prevalent species identified, followed by A. cryaerophilus. Interestingly, the carcasses presented higher frequency of A. butzleri isolation, whereas only A. cryaerophilus was isolated from fecal samples. SE-AFLP enabled the characterization of A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus into 51 and 63 profiles, respectively. The great genetic heterogeneity observed for both species corroborates previous reports. This study confirms the necessity for a standard isolation protocol and the improvement of molecular tools to further elucidate Arcobacter epidemiology.

Antimicrobial resistance patterns to beta-lactams of gram-positive cocci isolated from bovine mastitis in Lithuania

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Klimienė ◽  
M. Ružauskas ◽  
V. Špakauskas ◽  
A. Matusevičius ◽  
R. Mockeliūnas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

scholarly journals Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance and ESBL Carriage in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Broiler Chicken in the West Region of Cameroon: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leinyuy Jude Fonbah ◽  
Innocent Mbulli Ali ◽  
Ousenu Karimo ◽  
Christopher B. Tume
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
The West ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Region ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens of animal origin is a growing concern. In particular, antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae of clinical importance has been on the rise. Identifying and monitoring resistance patterns in residual intestinal microflora in poultry are of great significance in the containment of antimicrobial resistance. The current study aimed to detect Enterobacteriaceae among broiler chicken and determine key antibiotic resistance patterns in isolates from poultry chicken in the West Region of Cameroon.Results: 275 cloacal swabs were collected from 28 poultry farms in 11 locations in 5 out of the 8 Divisions in the West Region. All samples tested positive for Enterobacteriaceae with an average of 3 different colonies per sample. 394 isolates were obtained belonging to 12 different Genera of Enterobacteriaceae distributed as 81 (20.56 %) Escherichia spp, 74 (18.78 %) Salmonella spp, 39 (9.90 %) Klebsiella spp, 38 (9.64 %) Proteus spp, 34 (8.63 %) Citrobacter spp, 31 (7.87 %) Enterobacter spp, 28 (7.87%) Providencia spp, 19 (4.82%) Hafnia spp, 15 (3.30 %) Shigella spp, 14 (3.55 %) Raoultella spp, 13 (3.30 %) Yersinia spp and 8 (1.78 %) Morgenella spp. Antibiotic susceptibility testing on isolates showed the following overall resistance to the various antibiotics tested: amoxicillin 345 (87.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 227 (57.8%), ceftriaxone 79 (20.1%), cefotaxime 65 (16.5%), imipenem 16 (4.1%), gentamicin 58 (14.5%), amikacin 12 (3.1%), ciprofloxacin 142 (37.1%), levofloxacin 124 (33.1%) and doxycycline 380 (96.7). 217 (55.1 %) were resistant to at least one antibiotic class of choice against Enterobacteriaceae, 80 (20.3 %) resistant to at least one cephalosporin, 164 (41.62 %) resistant to at least one quinolone and 66 (16.75 %) resistant to at least one aminoglycoside.173 (44.0%) showed MDR and 84 (21.32 %) were ESBL producers. Poor sanitation increased Enterobacteriaceae carriage, antibiotic misuse and long periods of rearing increased the risk of developing antimicrobial resistance, MDR and ESBL production. Conclusion: Poor sanitation in poultries caused high Enterobacteriaceae carriage in subjects. This high co-infection coupled with antibiotic abuse caused high prevalence of resistance, MDR and ESBL production. These outcomes showed relatively uniform distribution across the area of study.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Salmonella typhimurium and Enteritidis Strains Isolated from Human, Food, and Environmental Samples of Broiler Meat Production Chain in Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Shakera Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
High Level

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health issue worldwide due to extensive use in agriculture, food, and veterinary medicine. The rate of antimicrobial resistance varies with different antibiotics and serotypes but Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the most widespread serotypes which is comparatively more susceptible to antimicrobial resistance followed by S. Typhimurium. A total of 71 Salmonella strains (S. Typhimurium, n=45; S. Enteritidis, n=26) isolated from humans, food and the environment were used in the study. Both isolates were confirmed through PCR by targeting their specific spy and sdf genes respectively. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility against 10 antibiotics used. An exponentially high level of resistance was found in S. Typhimurium strains. The highest level of resistance was found against amoxicillin (97.78%) followed by tetracycline (95.56%), gentamicin (93.33%), trimethoprim (86.67%), streptomycin (84.44%), nalidixic acid (77.78%), sulphafurazole (64.44%), ampicillin (62.22%), chloramphenicol (46.67%) and least resistance was found against ciprofloxacin (31.11%). Four penta MDR (ACSSuT) and two tetra MDR (ASSuT) resistance patterns were found S. Typhimurium strains. In S. Enteritidis strains, a high level of resistance was found against sulphonamides and streptomycin (92.31%) with the least resistance against ciprofloxacin (11.54%). Two penta MDR (ACSSuT) and six tetra MDR (ASSuT) resistance patterns were found. The presence of high antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic S. Typhimurium and Enteritidis in the broiler meat production chain is alarming. Immediate action and appropriate measures are required to control over the counter and irrational use of antibiotics both in poultry and humans. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals DNA Examination of Polymorphism on Two Lines of the Yakut Breed Stallions using the RAPD-PCR Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6634-6638
Keyword(s):  
Entire Range ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Express Method ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Random Amplification ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
The Republic

Herd and beef horse breeding are traditional and profitable livestock industries in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Three breeds are propagated in the republic: Yakut, Prilensk and Megezhek. Objective: to evaluate the genetic homogeneity of equine micro-populations in order to determine the degree of their genetic similarity. A DNA isolated from hair follicles of 2 horse lines have been tested using 18 primers. According to obtained data, the primers OPA 07, OPA 09, OPA 10, OPA 18 and ODS 18 are more polymorphic than other 13 primers. Most of the primers amplify fragments from 350 to 1,000 bp in size. As an exception the sequence of primer OPA 02 is absent in 2 lines of horses. Coincidently, PRA 06 primer fragment of 1200 bp presents only in the mare line of the stallion named Kuobakh. There is a uniform distribution of fragments over the entire range of lengths in the remaining samples of 2 stallion lines. Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (PARD) analysis can serve as a kind of express method a method of genetic polymorphism , which is especially relevant for poorly studied animal populations, as well as a source of unique locus-specific markers.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Plasmid Profiles of Streptococcus Suis Isolates

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Cantin ◽  
Josée Harel ◽  
Robert Higgins ◽  
Marcelo Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Plasmid Content ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Causative Relationship ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Streptococcus suis isolates recovered from diseased animals in Quebec and western Canada and from human cases in Europe were tested for their susceptibility to different antimicrobial agents and screened for their plasmid content. Most isolates from Quebec were clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline resistant; animal isolates from western Canada were notably less resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin, whereas human isolates were considerably more susceptible to most antimicrobials tested.1 More than 60% of isolates had plasmids that ranged from 1.5 to 35 kilobases (kb). Of the 7 plasmid profiles found, 2 were particularly frequent in isolates from Quebec and western Canada, suggesting the presence of epidemic strains in the swine population. A particular plasmid band of about 5 kb was present in most Canadian isolates. When this band was used as a probe in colony and Southem blot hybridization, most isolates harboring the 5-kb plasmid hybridized, even though their plasmid profiles were different. Human isolates from Europe differed in their plasmid content from Canadian isolates of animal origin. Although a high degree of antimicrobial resistance was associated with the presence of plasmids in most isolates, it was not possible to establish a causative relationship.

Antibiograms of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Some Ready-To-Eat Products

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 865-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. P. KWAGA ◽  
A. A. ADESIYUN
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Dried Fish ◽  
Overall Resistance

A total of 229 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from five ready-to-eat products in Nigeria were tested for their sensitivity to ten commonly used antibiotics. One hundred thirty-eight (60.3%) isolates were resistant to one or more of the antimicrobials but none to all. The resistance of isolates varied from 46.0% in dried fish to 78.1% in roasted beef. The incidence of resistance was 55.3, 58.8 and 69.4% in isolates from fried chicken, dried beef and fried fish, respectively. There was no significant difference in resistance of isolates from various food products (P>0.05, X2). Overall, resistance to penicillin (41.0%), ampicillin (28.4%) and trimethoprim (27.9%) were most frequent, whereas isolates were least resistant to erythromycin (1.3%), neomycin (0.4%) and gentamycin (0.4%). The predominant antimicrobial resistance patterns, irrespective of food source, were penicillin and ampicillin (11.4%), trimethoprim (11.4%) and penicillin (7.9%). Since these staphylococcal isolates were from ready-to-eat products of animal origin exposed to human handling during preparation and sale, their antimicrobial resistance patterns are suggestive of the extent of misuse in medical and veterinary practices in Nigeria.

A Longitudinal Study of Salmonella Shedding and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in North Dakota Feedlot Cattle

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. KHAITSA ◽  
R. B. KEGODE ◽  
M. L. BAUER ◽  
P. S. GIBBS ◽  
G. P. LARDY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Salmonella is one of the most frequent causes of foodborne illness worldwide, and transmission involves foods of animal origin such as beef. The objective of this study was to monitor the prevalence of Salmonella fecal shedding in feedlot cattle during the finishing period and to assess the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolated salmonellae. On arrival at the feedlot, 1 (0.7%) of the 144 steers was shedding Salmonella in its feces. After 28 days on feed, shedding was detected in 8 (5.6%) of the 144 steers. At the third sampling, 19 (13%) of 143 steers were shedding, and the number of shedders continued to increase to 89 (62%) of 143 at the last sampling. Salmonella shedding was significantly influenced (P < 0.0001) by sampling time but not by herd of origin. All Salmonella isolates identified belonged to serotype Typhimurium serovar Copenhagen, a type commonly isolated from Salmonella infections in humans. Antimicrobial resistance testing of the isolates revealed five multidrug resistance patterns, two of which accounted for 104 (95.4%) of 109 of the isolates. All the isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur, and all were resistant to spectinomycin, sulfathiazole, tiamulin, florfenicol, ampicillin, penicillin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and clindamycin. Data from this study indicate that a high prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella strains can sometimes be found in feedlot cattle in North Dakota. These data will contribute to risk assessment of Salmonella shedding by cattle in feedlots and highlight the need to continue preharvest monitoring for this organism.

scholarly journals Non-typhoidal Salmonella in the Pig Production Chain: A Comprehensive Analysis of Its Impact on Human Health

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Campos ◽  
Joana Mourão ◽  
Luísa Peixe ◽  
Patrícia Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Human Infections

Salmonellosis remains one of the most frequent foodborne zoonosis, constituting a worldwide major public health concern. The most frequent sources of human infections are food products of animal origin, being pork meat one of the most relevant. Currently, particular pig food production well-adapted and persistent Salmonella enterica serotypes (e.g., Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:-, Salmonella Derby and Salmonella Rissen) are frequently reported associated with human infections in diverse industrialized countries. The dissemination of those clinically-relevant Salmonella serotypes/clones has been related to the intensification of pig production chain and to an increase in the international trade of pigs and pork meat. Those changes that occurred over the years along the food chain may act as food chain drivers leading to new problems and challenges, compromising the successful control of Salmonella. Among those, the emergence of antibiotic resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella associated with antimicrobials use in the pig production chain is of special concern for public health. The transmission of pig-related multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotypes, clones and/or genetic elements carrying clinically-relevant antibiotic resistance genes, frequently associated with metal tolerance genes, from pigs and pork meat to humans, has been reported and highlights the contribution of different drivers to the antibiotic resistance burden. Gathered data strengthen the need for global mandatory interventions and strategies for effective Salmonella control and surveillance across the pig production chain. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the role of pig and pork meat in human salmonellosis at a global scale, highlighting the main factors contributing to the persistence and dissemination of clinically-relevant pig-related Salmonella serotypes and clones.

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