Bovine rabies: economic loss and its mitigation through antirabies vaccination

ABSTRACT: Rabies is among the most common neurological disease in cattle in Brazil, causing significant economic losses. Data on the economic impact of rabies in livestock are available in several countries. However, in Brazil, these data focus mainly on the public health point o view, emphasizing the costs related to the prevention of rabies in humans, in dogs, or wildlife. Specific studies carried out in different regions of Brazil indicate critical economic losses caused by rabies in cattle in this country. However, the studies on the losses caused by the disease in cattle lack a detailed analysis of the affected rural properties based on data from official disease control agencies. The objective of this work was to evaluate the economic impact of bovine rabies, and its mitigation through antirabies vaccination in rural properties in Mato Grosso do Sul, Midwestern Brazil.

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Evaluation of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) resistance to different acaricide formulations using samples from Brazilian properties

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612016026 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 163-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Leandro de Oliveira Souza Higa ◽

Marcos Valério Garcia ◽

Jacqueline Cavalcante Barros ◽

Wilson Werner Koller ◽

Renato Andreotti

Keyword(s):

Immersion Test ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Boophilus Microplus ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Main Method ◽

Espírito Santo ◽

Distrito Federal ◽

Espirito Santo ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

Abstract The Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick is responsible for considerable economic losses in Brazil, causing leather damage, weight loss and reduced milk production in cattle and results in the transmission of pathogens. Currently, the main method for controlling this tick is using acaricides, but their indiscriminate use is one of the major causes of resistance dissemination. In this study, the adult immersion test (AIT) was used to evaluate resistance in ticks from 28 properties located in five different states (Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Ceará, São Paulo, e Minas Gerais) and the Distrito Federal (DF) of Brazil. The resistance was found in 47.64% of the repetitions demonstrating an efficacy of less than 90% in various locations throughout the country. The larvae packet test was used to evaluate samples from ten properties in four states (Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo). Spray products belonging to the main classes of acaricides, including combination formulations, were used in both types of test. New cases of resistance were found on properties within the states of Ceará, Espírito Santo and Mato Grosso, where such resistance was not previously reported.

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Epidemiological Forecasting: A Crystal Ball for COVID-19 and Future Pandemics

10.51627/pghr.2021.07.00066 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saketh Sundar ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Disease Control ◽

Crystal Ball ◽

The Public ◽

The Us ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

The Media

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, headlines ranging from “Coronavirus forecasts are grim: It’s going to get worse” to “Covid-19 cases and deaths in the US will fall over the next four weeks, forecast predicts” have dominated the news (Achenbach, 2020; Kallingal, 2021). The weekly-published Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) COVID-19 forecasts have become the go-to forecasts for the media, the public, and various levels of government (Cramer et al., 2021). These projections, generated from epidemiological forecasting, not only inform the public’s caution towards the pandemic but are also crucial for officials to create public health guidelines and allocate resources in hospitals (Gibson et al., 2020). But where do these predictions come from?

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Ideas on the Construction of an Automated System for the Determination of Hospital Morbidity for the Public Health Services in Bulgaria

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1636067 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 11 (02) ◽

pp. 87-90

Author(s):

T. D. PEEVSKY ◽

E. V. PETKOVA ◽

B. P. BAYKUSHEV ◽

A. P. VALOVA

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Detailed Analysis ◽

Health Management ◽

Automated System ◽

Public Health Services ◽

Computer Technique ◽

The Public ◽

Incoming Information ◽

Hospital Morbidity

As an integral part in the planning for the Unified System of Social Information in Bulgaria, a system of public health management is envisaged. One of the basic subsystems is the automated system of management and account of hospital morbidity. Its construction is preceded by a detailed analysis of the organizational and informational structure. The parameters of the incoming information are described and some of the more fundamental tables produced by the system are shown. According to the character of the information contained in the tables, the periodicity of the data processing is determined and so are the levels of administration to which it is to be sent.We believe that, as a result of the processing of information by means of computer technique, the efficiency of management will improve on the basis of a detailed analysis of public health, the functioning and the medical activity of the health establishments.

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Critical Analysis of the Value of Drought Information and Impacts on Land Management and Public Health

Water ◽

10.3390/w12041064 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1064

Author(s):

Tingting Liu ◽

Kelly Helm Smith ◽

Richard Krop ◽

Tonya Haigh ◽

Mark Svoboda

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Land Management ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Public Information ◽

Weather Forecast ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Early Warning Systems ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Warning Systems ◽

Bureau Of Land Management

This paper reviews previous efforts to assign monetary value to climatic or meteorological information, such as public information on drought, climate, early warning systems, and weather forecast information. Methods and tools that have been explored to examine the benefits of climatic and meteorological information include the avoided cost, contingent valuation, choice experiments, benefit transfer, and descriptive approaches using surveys. The second part of this paper discusses specific considerations related to valuing drought information for public health and the Bureau of Land Management. We found a multitude of connections between drought and the land management and health sectors in the literature. The majority of the papers that we summarized only report biophysical change, because the economic losses of drought are not available. Only a few papers reported economic loss associated with drought. To determine the value of drought information, we need to know more about the role it plays in decision making and what sources of drought information are used in different sectors. This inventory of methods and impacts highlights opportunities for further research in valuing drought information in land management and public health.

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Economic Losses’ Estimation of carcass and Organ Condemnations From Slaughter Cattle in Thailand, Pará State, Brazilian Amazon

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v7i4.15181 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Gerlane Nunes Noronha ◽

Marcos Antônio Souza dos Santos ◽

Washington Luiz Assunção Pereira ◽

Alexandre Do Rosário Casseb ◽

Andréia Santana Bezerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Economic Losses ◽

National Program ◽

Tuberculosis Control ◽

Slaughter Cattle ◽

Control And Eradication

The article identifies the main pathologies found and estimates the economic losses generated in a slaughterhouse in the Thailand municipality, Pará, during the period from March 2010 to October 2014. 55,169 animals were slaughtered, with total economic losses of R$ 1,221,035.90 and ischemia was the most frequent lesion (41.86%). The most frequent condemnation organs were lungs (48.75%), kidneys (41.66%) and liver (3.61%), which produced economic loss of R$ 76,405.65 (6.26%). Tuberculosis was the main cause of carcass condemnation, responsible for R$ 872,783.64 of economic losses. The bovine tuberculosis control can begin in production, with examinations on the farm to slaughter lines, with careful carcass inspection, as advocated by the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Animal Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT), which increases disease control and minimizes condemnations and economic losses at slaughter.

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Detection of arboviruses of public health interest in free-living New World primates (Sapajus spp.; Alouatta caraya) captured in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/0037-8682-0181-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 684-690 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Paulo Mira Batista ◽

Renato Andreotti ◽

Paulo Silva de Almeida ◽

Alisson Cordeiro Marques ◽

Sueli Guerreiro Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

New World ◽

Alouatta Caraya ◽

New World Primates ◽

Free Living ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

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Presenting or Spinning Facts? Deconstructing the U.S. Centers for Disease Control Statement on the Importance of Reopening Schools Under COVID-19

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.645229 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Habib Benzian ◽

Marilyn Johnston ◽

Nicole Stauf ◽

Richard Niederman

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Disease Control ◽

Public Perception ◽

Political Influence ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Word Choice ◽

The Public ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Centers For Disease Control ◽

The U.S

Credible, reliable and consistent information to the public, as well as health professionals and decision makers, is crucial to help navigate uncertainty and risk in times of crisis and concern. Traditionally, information and health communications issued by respected and established government agencies have been regarded as factual, unbiased and credible. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is such an agency that addresses all aspects of health and public health on behalf of the U.S Government for the benefit of its citizens. In July 2020, the CDC issued guidelines on reopening schools which resulted in open criticism by the U.S. President and others, prompting a review and publication of revised guidelines together with a special “Statement on the Importance of Reopening Schools under COVID-19.” We hypothesize that this statement introduced bias with the intention to shift the public perception and media narrative in favor of reopening of schools. Using a mixed methods approach, including an online text analysis tool, we demonstrate that document title and structure, word frequencies, word choice, and website presentation did not provide a balanced account of the complexity and uncertainty surrounding school reopening during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite available scientific guidance and practical evidence-based advice on how to manage infection risks when reopening schools, the CDC Statement was intentionally overriding possible parent and public health concerns. The CDC Statement provides an example of how political influence is exercised over the presentation of science in the context of a major pandemic. It was withdrawn by the CDC in November 2020.

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Understanding the Public Discussion About the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Twitter Data: Text Mining Analysis Study

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/25108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. e25108

Author(s):

Joanne Chen Lyu ◽

Garving K Luli

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Disease Control ◽

The United States ◽

Data Set ◽

Public Discussion ◽

The Public ◽

Twitter Data ◽

The World ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Centers For Disease Control

Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a national public health protection agency in the United States. With the escalating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on society in the United States and around the world, the CDC has become one of the focal points of public discussion. Objective This study aims to identify the topics and their overarching themes emerging from the public COVID-19-related discussion about the CDC on Twitter and to further provide insight into public's concerns, focus of attention, perception of the CDC's current performance, and expectations from the CDC. Methods Tweets were downloaded from a large-scale COVID-19 Twitter chatter data set from March 11, 2020, when the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, to August 14, 2020. We used R (The R Foundation) to clean the tweets and retain tweets that contained any of five specific keywords—cdc, CDC, centers for disease control and prevention, CDCgov, and cdcgov—while eliminating all 91 tweets posted by the CDC itself. The final data set included in the analysis consisted of 290,764 unique tweets from 152,314 different users. We used R to perform the latent Dirichlet allocation algorithm for topic modeling. Results The Twitter data generated 16 topics that the public linked to the CDC when they talked about COVID-19. Among the topics, the most discussed was COVID-19 death counts, accounting for 12.16% (n=35,347) of the total 290,764 tweets in the analysis, followed by general opinions about the credibility of the CDC and other authorities and the CDC's COVID-19 guidelines, with over 20,000 tweets for each. The 16 topics fell into four overarching themes: knowing the virus and the situation, policy and government actions, response guidelines, and general opinion about credibility. Conclusions Social media platforms, such as Twitter, provide valuable databases for public opinion. In a protracted pandemic, such as COVID-19, quickly and efficiently identifying the topics within the public discussion on Twitter would help public health agencies improve the next-round communication with the public.

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The Economic Impact of Herpes Zoster Vaccine Disparities in Elderly United States Blacks

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15102128 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 2128

Author(s):

La’Marcus Wingate ◽

Keisha Stubbs ◽

Iman Ahmed ◽

Rachel Mayaka ◽

Mary Maneno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

United States ◽

Herpes Zoster ◽

Decision Tree ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Health Equity ◽

Economic Costs ◽

Zoster Vaccine ◽

The Public ◽

Lost Productivity

There are persistent disparities with regard to receipt of herpes zoster vaccine among elderly blacks, but no data is available regarding the public health or economic impact of these disparities. A decision tree was constructed with multiple Markov nodes in order to estimate the preventable cases of herpes zoster occurring among elderly blacks due to disparities in receipt of herpes zoster vaccine and to quantify the economic costs associated with these disparities. The model was constructed to examine the number of herpes zoster cases occurring among elderly blacks from the age of 60 to 84 over a 20 year period and also calculated costs due to herpes zoster complications and lost productivity. Achievement of health equity would prevent over 34,500 cases of herpes zoster from occurring in the future and avert over $180 million in lost productivity and treatment costs as a result of these cases of herpes zoster. These results help to show that thousands of cases of herpes zoster could be prevented if blacks were vaccinated at the same frequency as whites and help to show the benefit of implementing viable strategies to achieving this goal.

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