scholarly journals WASTE WOOD OF URBAN ORIGIN FOR ENERGY USE

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rogério Andrade ◽  
Ananias Francisco Dias Junior ◽  
José Otávio Brito ◽  
Thiago de Paula Protasio ◽  
Paulo Fernando Trugilho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Waste Solid ◽  
Thermal Degradation Process ◽  
Increasing Demand

ABSTRACT The increasing demand for energy propels new areas of research in the search for sources that are economically viable and sustainable from an environmental point of view. In this sense, the objective of this study was to characterize a batch from urban wood waste aimed at energy use. We evaluate six different types of waste: solid wood, plywood, chipboard, MDF, OSB, and veneer. The residues were collected in a recycling plant in Piracicaba - SP and were taken to the laboratory to carry out the physical, chemical and thermogravimetric analyses. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replicates per treatment (waste). Data analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test applied for multiple comparisons of means. Overall, there were no major differences between the results of solid wood residues and waste panels. Waste analyzed showed potential for energy use. It is recommended further studies to investigate the influence of different panels resins and coatings in its thermal degradation process.

scholarly journals Characterization and Evaluation of Salvia hispanica L. and Salvia columbariae Benth. Varieties for Their Cultivation in Southwestern Germany

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2012
Author(s):  
Samantha Jo Grimes ◽  
Filippo Capezzone ◽  
Peteh Mehdi Nkebiwe ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger
Keyword(s):  
Seed Mass ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Chia Seed ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Seed Yields

Rising consumer attraction towards superfoods and the steadily increasing demand for healthy, environmentally sustainable, and regionally produced food products has sharpened the demand for chia. Over the course of 4 years, two early flowering chia varieties belonging to Salvia hispanica L., and Salvia columbariae Benth. Species were identified to complete their phenological development and, therefore, able to reach maturity under a photoperiod >12 h, thus enabling the cultivation of chia in central Europe—more specifically, in southwestern Germany—consistently for the first time. Results obtained by the conducted field trial in 2018 showed that chia seed yields and thousand-seed mass ranged from 284.13 to 643.99 kg ha−1 and 0.92 to 1.36 g, respectively. Further, the statistical analyses showed that the protein content of the cultivated chia varieties ranged from 22.14 to 27.78%, the mucilage content varied from 10.35 to 20.66%, and the crude oil content amounted up to 28.00 and 31.73%. Fatty acid profiles were similar to previously reported data with α-Linolenic acid being the most prominent one, ranging from 60.40 to 65.87%, and we obtained ω6:ω3 ratios between 0.2 and 0.3. In conclusion, chia could represent a promising raw material from a nutritional point of view, while being able to diversify the local food basis of southwestern Germany.

Structural comparisons of pyrodextrins during thermal degradation process: The role of hydrochloric acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 349 ◽  
pp. 129174
Author(s):  
Huijia Mao ◽  
Zhijun Chen ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Xueyang Zhai ◽  
Hongyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Thermal Degradation Process

scholarly journals Implementation of BIM Modelling and Simulation Tools in Reducing Annual Energy Consumption of Multifamily Dwellings

2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Subbarao Yarramsetty ◽  
MVN Siva Kumar ◽  
P Anand Raj
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rotational Angle ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Efficient Option

In current research, building modelling and energy simulation tools were used to analyse and estimate the energy use of dwellings in order to reduce the annual energy use in multifamily dwellings. A three-story residential building located in Kabul city was modelled in Revit and all required parameters for running energy simulation were set. A Total of 126 experiments were conducted to estimate annual energy loads of the building. Different combinations from various components such as walls, roofs, floors, doors, and windows were created and simulated. Ultimately, the most energy efficient option in the context of Afghan dwellings was figured out. The building components consist of different locally available construction materials currently used in buildings in Afghanistan. Furthermore, the best energy efficient option was simulated by varying, building orientation in 15-degree increments and glazing area from 10% to 60% to find the most energy efficient combination. It was found that combination No. 48 was best option from energy conservation point of view and 120-degree rotational angle from north to east, of the existing building was the most energy-efficient option. Also, it was observed that 60% glazing area model consumed 24549 kWh more electricity compared to the one with 10% glazing area.

Non-isothermal degradation kinetics for polycarbonate/ polymethylphenylsilsesquioxane composites

e-Polymers ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangbo Wang ◽  
Zhong Xin
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Ozawa Method ◽  
Degradation Behaviors ◽  
Thermal Degradation Process

AbstractThe thermal degradation behaviors of PC/PMPSQ (polymethylphenylsilsesquioxane) systems were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under non-isothermal conditions in nitrogen atmosphere. During non-isothermal degradation, Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods were used to analyze the thermal degradation process. The results showed that a remarkable decrease in activation energy ( E ) was observed in the early and middle stages of thermal degradation in the presence of PMPSQ, which indicated that the addition of PMPSQ promoted the thermal degradation of PC. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method further revealed that PMPSQ significantly increased the activation energy of PC thermal degradation in the final stage, which illustrated that the PMPSQ stabilized the char residues and improved the flame retardancy of PC in the final period of thermal degradation process

scholarly journals Application of Pd-Based Membrane Reactors: An Industrial Perspective

Membranes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Palo ◽  
Annarita Salladini ◽  
Barbara Morico ◽  
Vincenzo Palma ◽  
Antonio Ricca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Technical Feasibility

The development of a chemical industry characterized by resource efficiency, in particular with reference to energy use, is becoming a major issue and driver for the achievement of a sustainable chemical production. From an industrial point of view, several application areas, where energy saving and CO2 emissions still represent a major concern, can take benefit from the application of membrane reactors. On this basis, different markets for membrane reactors are analyzed in this paper, and their technical feasibility is verified by proper experimentation at pilot level relevant to the following processes: (i) pure hydrogen production; (ii) synthetic fuels production; (iii) chemicals production. The main outcomes of operations in the selected research lines are reported and discussed, together with the key obstacles to overcome.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF MODEL RECOGNITION FOR GRAMMAR-BASED AUTOMATIC 3D BUILDING MODEL RECONSTRUCTION

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
Petra Helmholz ◽  
David Belton
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Evaluation Point ◽  
Increasing Demand

In recent years, 3D city models are in high demand by many public and private organisations, and the steadily growing capacity in both quality and quantity are increasing demand. The quality evaluation of these 3D models is a relevant issue both from the scientific and practical points of view. In this paper, we present a method for the quality evaluation of 3D building models which are reconstructed automatically from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data based on an attributed building grammar. The entire evaluation process has been performed in all the three dimensions in terms of completeness and correctness of the reconstruction. Six quality measures are introduced to apply on four datasets of reconstructed building models in order to describe the quality of the automatic reconstruction, and also are assessed on their validity from the evaluation point of view.

scholarly journals A thermal degradation study of Y and La methanesulfonates

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 905-915
Author(s):  
Moura de ◽  
Jivaldo Matos ◽  
Farias de
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Oxide Formation ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Degradation Study ◽  
Thermogravimetric Data ◽  
Thermal Degradation Process

The synthesis, characterization and thermal degradation of yttrium and lanthanum methanesulfonates is reported. The prepared salts were characterized by elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The thermal degradation study was performed using thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).Using the thermogravimetric data, a kinetic study of the dehydration ofY and Lamethanesulfonates was performed employing the Coats-Redfern and Zsak?methods. It was verified that under heating, yttrium and lanthanum methanesulfonates undergo three main processes: dehydration, thermal degradation and oxide formation. Furthermore, depending on the nature of the atmosphere, i.e., inert or oxidant, the thermal degradation process could be endothermic (N2) or exothermic (air).

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF MODEL RECOGNITION FOR GRAMMAR-BASED AUTOMATIC 3D BUILDING MODEL RECONSTRUCTION

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
Petra Helmholz ◽  
David Belton
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Evaluation Point ◽  
Increasing Demand

In recent years, 3D city models are in high demand by many public and private organisations, and the steadily growing capacity in both quality and quantity are increasing demand. The quality evaluation of these 3D models is a relevant issue both from the scientific and practical points of view. In this paper, we present a method for the quality evaluation of 3D building models which are reconstructed automatically from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data based on an attributed building grammar. The entire evaluation process has been performed in all the three dimensions in terms of completeness and correctness of the reconstruction. Six quality measures are introduced to apply on four datasets of reconstructed building models in order to describe the quality of the automatic reconstruction, and also are assessed on their validity from the evaluation point of view.

scholarly journals Design of Power Monitoring and Electrical Control Systems to Support Energy Conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (S) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Fransiscus Yudi Limpraptono ◽  
Eko Nurcahyo ◽  
Mochammad Ibrahim Ashari ◽  
Erkata Yandri ◽  
Yahya Jani
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Power Monitoring ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Electrical Loads ◽  
Control And Monitoring System

The increasing demand for electrical energy and the decreasing supply of fossil fuels in recent years have increased the cost of electrical energy. So that the culture of saving electrical energy is a habit that must be cultivated in the community. On the other hand, energy-saving behavior cannot be realized massively without a support system that can control energy use. With these concerns, it is necessary to develop a method that encourages a culture of saving electrical energy. This paper proposes a system that supports active energy efficiency methods that can support an energy-efficient culture. This system is an electric power monitoring system that is integrated with a smart electrical panel that continuously monitors the use of electrical energy and can control electrical loads automatically, record electricity usage, provide comprehensive reports and analyze energy usage. The method used to carry out this research is research and development. This research has produced a prototype of electrical power control and monitoring system that has a smart panel based on a raspberry PI 3 and PZEM-004t power energy meter. The monitoring system performs and executes automatic control of electrical loads. The system can also provide reports in the form of data monitoring in daily, weekly, monthly or annual period. From the test results, it can be concluded that the system can work well. This research is expected to contribute to providing a system that can support government efforts in saving energy.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Methodologic Assumptions of the NOM-020-ENER-2011—Mexican Residential Building Standard

Environments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Martin-Dominguez ◽  
Norma Rodriguez-Muñoz ◽  
Claudia Romero-Perez ◽  
Mario Najera-Trejo ◽  
Naghelli Ortega-Avila
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Many ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

In Mexico, residents of low income housing mainly achieve thermal comfort through mechanical ventilation and electrical air conditioning systems. Though government and private efforts have risen to meet an increasing demand for social housing, the average construction quality and thermal comfort of new housing stock has decreased over the years. Various programs and regulations have been implemented to address these concerns, including the 2011 residential building standard NOM-020-ENER-2011. This standard attempts to limit heat gains in residential buildings, in order to reduce the energy consumption required from cooling systems, and was intended to be applied throughout Mexico. NOM-020-ENER-2011, however, divides the country into just four climatic zones and only considers the energy use of cooling systems, disregarding heating costs. The recommendations of this policy are thus inadequate for the many regions in Mexico that have mild to moderate winters. This study discusses the assumptions and calculations that underlie NOM-020-ENER-2011, identifying several problems and recommending specific changes to the standard that would lead to greater comfort and lower energy use throughout Mexico.

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