Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the essential oil from dried leaves of Eucalyptus staigeriana

ABSTRACT: In recent years, compounds with biological properties produced by plants have received attention as an alternative to control microorganisms. Essential oils extracted from green leaves of Eucalyptus sp. have been demonstrated to have antimicrobial activities, but so far there are no reports of antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from dried leaves of Eucalyptus staigeriana. So, the objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from dried leaves of E. staigeriana (EOdlES) and to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of EOdlES against gram-positive and gram-negative, resistance and multiresistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from food and clinical samples. The characterization of EOdlES was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). For this study, 26 bacterial strains were used, which included 11 reference strains and 15 antibiotic resistant and multiresistant E. faecalis strains. Antimicrobial activities of EOdlES against gram-positive and gram-negative were determined using the disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was evaluated by a microbroth dilution technique. The antibiofilm effects were assessed by microtiter plate method. As a result, 21 compounds were identified, being oxygenated monoterpenes (69.58%) the major chemical family. EOdlES showed only antimicrobial activity against gram-positive strains. E. faecalis resistant and multiresistant strains show the lowest MIC (3.12 to 6.25%), when compared with reference E. faecalis strain. EOdlES has the ability to inhibit the biofilm formation, but little or none ability to inhibit the preformed biofilm. This study demonstrates that EOdlES is a promising alternative to control important foodborne and clinic gram-positive resistant bacteria.

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial effect of essential oils of some Fijian medicinal plant leaves on pathogenic bacteria

The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences ◽

10.1071/sp16005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Prayna P. P. Maharaj ◽

Riteshma Devi ◽

Surendra Prasad

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antimicrobial Agent ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative

Fiji is highly populated with plants containing essential oils (EO). The essential oils extracted from the leaves of the selected Fijian leafy plants were screened against two Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis). The agar diffusion method was used to examine the antimicrobial activities of the extracted EO. All the EO tested showed antibacterial properties against one or more strains while none of the EO was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Viburnum lantana (Wayfaring tree), Annona muricata (Soursop), Coleus amboinicus (Spanish thyme) and Cinnamomum zeylancium (Cinnamon) showed good inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and proved as worthy source of antimicrobial agent. These findings will help the Pacific population to use the studied plants leaves as antimicrobial agent.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential of the Marine Cyanobacterium, Rivularia mesenterica

Journal of Advances in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/jamb/2019/v16i430128 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mirjana Skočibušić ◽

Sandra Lacić ◽

Zorica Rašić

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Marine Cyanobacterium ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Antimicrobial Potential ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Promising Source

Background: Antibiotic resistance is becoming a pivotal concern for public health accelerating the search for new antimicrobial molecules from nature. The prevention and treatment of infectious diseases by applying products from marine organisms, especially Cyanobacteria as a potential and promising source of antimicrobial agents appears as a possible alternative. Aims: To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial potential of different extracts derived from marine cyanobacterium Rivularia mesenterica against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug resistant bacteria, by comparison with clinically relevant antibiotics. Methodology: The secondary metabolites were extracted from fresh and dried cyanobacterial biomass in water and different organic solvents. Antimicrobial efficacy of different extracts was evaluated by the disc diffusion assay. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the ethanol extracts obtained from fresh and dried biomass was also determined. Results: The ethanol extracts obtained from fresh and dried biomass of R. mesenterica showed significant antimicrobial activity against five Gram-positive and five antibiotic resistant Gram-negative bacteria and four fungal strains in comparison with the clinically relevant antibiotics. The inhibitory effect of the ethanol extracts was observed, with MIC values in the range 0.06 to 32.00 μg/ml against tested strains. Furthermore, the water extract was inactive against of the tested bacteria and fungi. Conclusion: These results suggest that the ethanol extracts of R. mesenterica possess potent broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, which can serve as an interesting source for antimicrobial compounds and promising alternative to synthetic antimicrobial drugs discovery.

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial Activity of Some Egyptian Spice Essential Oils

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-52.9.665 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 52 (9) ◽

pp. 665-667 ◽

Cited By ~ 288

Author(s):

R. S. FARAG ◽

Z. Y. DAW ◽

F. M. HEWEDI ◽

G. S. A. EL-BAROTY

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Microbial Growth ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Filter Paper Disc ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Chemical Structures

Six spice essential oils (sage, rosemary, caraway, cumin, clove, and thyme) and their basic ingredients were tested for their inhibitory effect against 3 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, 4 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, one acid fast bacterium, and one yeast. Preliminary screening of antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was done using the filter paper disc agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration for each essential oil against various micro-organisms was also measured. Very low concentrations (0.25 – 12 mg/ml) of the various essential oils were sufficient to prevent microbial growth. The data show that Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to the antimicrobial compounds in spices than Gram-negative. The inhibition zones of different microbial growth produced by various essential oils were similar to those produced by their basic compounds. Thyme and cumin oils possessed very strong antimicrobial activity compared with the other essential oils. There was a relationship between the chemical structures of the most abundant compounds in the essential oils under investigation and the antimicrobial activity.

Download Full-text

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of 5-Arylidene-thiazolidine-2,4-dione Derivatives

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/316082 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ivanildo Mangueira da Silva ◽

João da Silva Filho ◽

Priscila Brandão Gomes da Silva Santiago ◽

Micalyne Soares do Egito ◽

Carlos André de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Repeated Use

Antibiotic resistance is considered one of the world's major public health concerns. The main cause of bacterial resistance is the improper and repeated use of antibiotics. To alleviate this problem, new chemical substances against microorganisms are being synthesized and tested. Thiazolidines are compounds having many pharmacological activities including antimicrobial activities. For this purpose some thiazolidine derivatives substituted at position 5 in the thiazolidine nucleus were synthesized and tested against several microorganisms. Using a disc diffusion method, antimicrobial activity was verified against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and alcohol acid resistant bacteria and yeast. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined. All derivatives showed antimicrobial activity mainly against Gram-positive bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 2 to 16 µg/mL.

Download Full-text

Profile of pathogens isolated from different clinical samples and their antimicrobial pattern: a retrospective study

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20214075 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. Anjaneya Swamy ◽

Jagannath D. Andhale

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Cocci

Background: Since there is a significant rise in resistant bacteria to different antimicrobial agents, there is a need to study the resistance pattern of different isolates from different clinical samples for effective use of available antimicrobials by clinicians. The aim of the present study was to detect the resistance pattern of various antimicrobials against different clinical isolates in hospitalised patients in out setting.Methods: This is a retrospective study involving the collection of the data from the records of microbiology laboratory. All clinical specimens were processed as per standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar plate as per CLSI guidelines.Results: A total of 153 isolates were recovered from 219 clinical samples accounting for 69.86% of total positivity. Which includes gram negative bacilli 107/153 (69.93%) gram positive cocci 36/153 (23.53%) and yeast 10/153 (6.54%). Among the total isolates gram negative bacilli account for major number of isolates 69.93% followed by gram positive cocci 23.53% and yeast 6.54%. Gram positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli showed a significant level of antimicrobial resistance. Nitrofurantoin is highly effective against urinary isolates of Escherichia coli. vancomycin and linezolid are most effective antimicrobials against gram positive cocci. Among gram negative bacilli meropenem and amikacin are most effective antimicrobials. Statistical significance of occurrence of Escherichia coli as predominant isolate as compared to other isolates were analysed by chi square test by using GraphPad online calculator. A p value<0.001 was obtained.Conclusions: Significant rise in antimicrobial resistant pathogens were observed. Local antimicrobial policy should be developed for effective selection of available antimicrobials which are the need of the day to reduce the burden of diseases on global health care system.

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial Activity of Iron-Halide Complexes Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

10.26434/chemrxiv.11864934.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nusrat Abedin ◽

Abdullah Hamed A Alshehri ◽

Ali M A Almughrbi ◽

Olivia Moore ◽

Sheikh Alyza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Extracellular Dna ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Antimicrobial Substances ◽

Mammalian Cell Lines

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the more serious threats to the global health. The emergence of bacteria resistant to antimicrobial substances decreases the potencies of current antibiotics. Consequently, there is an urgent and growing need for the developing of new classes of antibiotics. Three prepared novel iron complexes have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranging from 3.5 to 10 mM and 3.5 to 40 mM against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with antimicrobial resistance phenotype, respectively. Time-kill studies and quantification of the extracellular DNA confirmed the bacteriolytic mode of action of the iron-halide compounds. Additionally, the novel complexes showed significant antibiofilm activity against the tested pathogenic bacterial strains at concentrations lower than the MBC. The cytotoxic effect of the complexes on different mammalian cell lines show sub-cytotoxic values at concentrations lower than the minimum bactericidal concentrations.

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial activity of Pycnarrhena cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. methanol extract

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy ◽

10.22146/ijpther.1656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eti Nurwening Sholikhah ◽

Maulina Diah ◽

Mustofa ◽

Masriani ◽

Susi Iravati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Positive Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Methanolic Extracts

Pycnarrhena cauliflora (Miers.) Diels., local name sengkubak, is one of indigenous plants from West Kalimantan that has been used as natural flavor. Pycnorrhena cauliflora is one of species of Menispermaceae family which is rich in bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids. This alkaloids are known to have various biological activities including antiprotozoal, antiplasmodial, antifungal and antibacterial activities. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial activity of the P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. methanolic extracts against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The methanolic extract of P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels., root, leaf and stem were prepared by maceration. The disk-diffusion method was then used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts against Streptococcus pyogenes, S. mutants, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli after 18-24 h incubation at 37 oC. Amoxicillin was used as positive control for gram-positive bacteria and ciprofloxacin was used as gram-negative bacteria. The inhibition zones were then measured in mm. Analysis were conducted in duplicates. The results showed in general the methanolic extracts of P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. root (inhibition zone diameter= 10-23 mm) were more active than that leaf (0-15 mm) and stem (0-17 mm) extracts against gram-positive bacteria. The zone inhibition diameter of amoxicillin as positive control was 8-42 mm. In addition, the methanolic extracts of P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. root (12-17 mm) were also more active than that leaf (0-12 mm) and stem (0-12 mm) extracts against gram-negative bacteria. The zone inhibition diameter of ciprofloxacin as positive control was 33-36 mm. In conclusion, the methanolic extract of P. caulifloria (Miers.) Diels. root is the most extract active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Further study will be focused to isolate active compounds in the methanolic extract of the root.

Download Full-text

Study of the chemical composition, antimicrobial activity of the essen- al oil of Cistus salviifolius from Tissemsilt National Park (Algeria) and influence of the drying period in the shade on the yield of this oil

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.9(6).p238-244 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 238-244

Author(s):

Meharrar Nadjet ◽

Bekada Ahmed Mohamed Ali ◽

Dris Ibrahim ◽

Jacques Dommes ◽

Arabi Abed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Suspension ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽

Cistus Salviifolius

The genera Cistus present groups of about twenty species of shrubs belon- ging to the Cistaceae family are very common throughout the Mediterranean region. Cistus salviifolius, known as Melliya is a species of this genus that occurs in the forest region of Mount Ouarsenis (northwest Algeria), exactly in Thniet El Had Na onal Park in the Wilaya of Tissemsilt. This study was un- dertaken to evaluate the an bacterial effects of C. salviifolius and its chemical composition in addition the effect of shade drying me on essen al oil yield in order to op mize this parameter which is most o en not controlled for producers. The op mal yield recorded is about 0.07± 0.02%. Its characte- riza on by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry shows a dominance of hydrocarbon compounds. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is established using 6 strains of Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The antibiotic susceptibility test is performed using the giliose- environment diffusion method, a bacterial suspension is prepared and subsequently well homogenized. Opacity must be adjusted to 0.5 McF (McFarland), from a young exponen al culture (18 to 24 hours). The an mi- crobial ac vity of C. salviifolius EO was tested against three Gram-posi ve and three Gram-nega ve bacteria. In fact, a strong inhibitory and bactericidal effect has been demonstrated against all Gram-positive and Gram- negative bacteria tested. It appears from this study that the EO of C. salviifo- lius has a very high antimicrobial activity, it shows a wide spectrum covering Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Taking into account the results of this study, new an bacterial agents could be developed and the use of C.salviifolius should be encouraged in the pharmaceutical and perfumery industries.

Download Full-text

Synergistic Effects of Essential Oils of Ammoides verticillata and Satureja candidissima Against Many Pathogenic Microorganisms

Anti-Infective Agents ◽

10.2174/2211352517666190227161811 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 72-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fatima Benyoucef ◽

Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽

Boufeldja Tabti ◽

Arrar Zoheir ◽

Jean Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Ammoides Verticillata

Background: Antibiotic resistance is today one of the most serious threats to global health, food security and development. Due to the growing number of infections, treatment becomes more difficult, if not impossible, because of the loss of antibiotic efficacy. Objective: In the present investigation, the chemical composition of essential oils of Ammoides verticillata and Satureja candidissima and their synergistic effects on antimicrobial activities were investigated. Methods: The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was investigated using dilution-agar method against nine bacterial strains three Gram-negative Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028), and six Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300,) Clostridium sporogenes (ATCC 19404), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 7314), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579). Results: The essential oil of A. verticillata was characterized principally by carvacrol (44,3%), Limonene (19,3%) and p-cymene (19,2%). The constituents identified of S. candidissima essential oil were principally oxygenated monoterpenes represented by pulegone (70,4%). The essential oil of A. verticillata had a good antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bacillus cereus) with MIC and MBC values between 0.2-0.4 µl/ml and 0.2-6.2 µl/ml, respectively. While, S. candidissima essential oil had moderate antimicrobial activities against all strains with MIC and MBC values between 1.5-6.2 µl/ml and 6.2-12.5 µl/ml, respectively. The results of antimicrobial activity of essential oils blend presented higher antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria with MIC and MBC values between 0.3-1.5 µl/ml and 0.4-6.2 µl/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The essential oils blend presented high antimicrobial activity compared to virgin oils. This activity can be due to the association of active compounds such as carvacrol and pulegone. These findings provide a new source of drugs that may help in therapy to lead to the development of a new treatment based on a combination of these essential oils against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria that continue to pose a threat to public health.

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial Activity of Lignin and Lignin-Derived Cellulose and Chitosan Composites Against Selected Pathogenic and Spoilage Microorganisms

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11040670 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 670 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Alzagameem ◽

Klein ◽

Bergs ◽

Do ◽

Korte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Spoilage Bacteria ◽

Chitosan Films

The antiradical and antimicrobial activity of lignin and lignin-based films are both of great interest for applications such as food packaging additives. The polyphenolic structure of lignin in addition to the presence of O-containing functional groups is potentially responsible for these activities. This study used DPPH assays to discuss the antiradical activity of HPMC/lignin and HPMC/lignin/chitosan films. The scavenging activity (SA) of both binary (HPMC/lignin) and ternary (HPMC/lignin/chitosan) systems was affected by the percentage of the added lignin: the 5% addition showed the highest activity and the 30% addition had the lowest. Both scavenging activity and antimicrobial activity are dependent on the biomass source showing the following trend: organosolv of softwood > kraft of softwood > organosolv of grass. Testing the antimicrobial activities of lignins and lignin-containing films showed high antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at 35 °C and at low temperatures (0–7 °C). Purification of kraft lignin has a negative effect on the antimicrobial activity while storage has positive effect. The lignin release in the produced films affected the activity positively and the chitosan addition enhances the activity even more for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Testing the films against spoilage bacteria that grow at low temperatures revealed the activity of the 30% addition on HPMC/L1 film against both B. thermosphacta and P. fluorescens while L5 was active only against B. thermosphacta. In HPMC/lignin/chitosan films, the 5% addition exhibited activity against both B. thermosphacta and P. fluorescens.

Download Full-text