scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF RECTAL TEMPERATURE OF GOATS BASED ON SURFACE TEMPERATURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-598
Author(s):  
Jordânio I. Marques ◽  
Patrício G. Leite ◽  
José P. Lopes Neto ◽  
Dermeval A. Furtado ◽  
Fernanda F. de M. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature

scholarly journals Critical Temperature-Humidity Index Thresholds Based on Surface Temperature for Lactating Dairy Cows in a Temperate Climate

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 970
Author(s):  
Geqi Yan ◽  
Zhengxiang Shi ◽  
Hao Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Humidity Index

Detecting the early signs of heat stress is highly important in dairy farming. The surface temperature (ST) of cattle can reflect their thermal status and using such a measuring method can be efficient and non-invasive. However, few studies have reported the temperature-humidity index (THI) thresholds for ST. This study aimed to identify the critical THI thresholds for the ST of dairy cows and to evaluate the effects of the lactation stage and the lactation number. The study included 233 Holstein lactating cows from July 2020 to October 2020 in a temperate climate in China. There were 1556 records of the rectal temperature, and the maximum ST (STmax) and average ST (STave) of the head, eye, cheek, ear, neck, trunk, udder, foreleg, and hindleg were recorded. Air temperature and relative humidity were recorded to calculate the average THI. Physiological data were collected twice daily (08:00–12:00, 14:00–16:00). The critical THI thresholds were determined using the breakpoints of piecewise linear models. The significance of breakpoints was tested using the Davies test. A one-way ANOVA was used to test the effect of the lactation stage (0–60 DIM, 61–200 DIM, 201–300 DIM, DIM is days in milk) and the lactation number (1, 2, 3+) on the THI thresholds. The results showed that the rectal temperature was significantly positively correlated with all the ST variables (0.57 ≤ r ≤ 0.71, p < 0.01). The critical THI thresholds for STmax (mean of 76.1 THI, range of 73.6 to 77.9 THI) were significantly higher than those for STave (mean of 72.6 THI, range of 69.1 to 77.2 THI) (p < 0.01). The lactation stage only significantly affected the thresholds for STmax (p < 0.05), and the lactation number did not significantly influence the thresholds for both STmax and STave (p > 0.05). This study concluded that the STave was more appropriate to define thresholds than the STmax. The threshold for the STave of the cheek (69.1 THI) was the lowest among the thresholds, indicating that the STave of the cheek could be a prior ST variable to determine critical THI thresholds. Our findings demonstrated the potential of using ST variables to define critical THI thresholds.

scholarly journals Automated measurement of cattle surface temperature and its correlation with rectal temperature

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e0175377 ◽  
Author(s):  
HongXiang Kou ◽  
YiQiang Zhao ◽  
Kang Ren ◽  
XiaoLi Chen ◽  
YongQiang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Automated Measurement

Seasonal acclimatization to cold in man

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. A. Davis ◽  
D. R. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Total Period ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Change

Six subjects were measured once monthly from October to February for alterations in shivering, heat production, and rectal and skin temperatures produced by a standard cold exposure of 14.1 α 0.46°C for 1 hour. The responses of a second group of five subjects were measured once monthly from February to September during a cold exposure of 13.7 α 0.9°C. In the October-February group, shivering decreased to a January mean value 7% of the October figure ( P < 0.01). Cold-induced heat production decreased in February to a value 52% of the October figure ( P < 0.05). Mean rectal temperature and mean surface temperature over the total period of study showed no consistently significant change. The decrease in shivering was associated with a change in the surface temperature threshold of shivering onset. The February-September group showed an increase in shivering reaching a maximum in September ( P < 0.01). Again consistently significant alteration in surface or rectal temperature could not be demonstrated. The highly significant change in shivering and the less significant change in heat production observed suggests that man seasonally acclimatizes to cold and that this acquired acclimatization is lost during the summer months. Note: (With the Technical Assistance of F. C. Bell, W. Rawlings and L. Lee) Submitted on May 27, 1960

scholarly journals Respons Fisiologis Ayam KUB (Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan) dan Ayam Walik dengan Haplotipe Gen HSP70 Berbeda yang Terpapar Cekaman Panas Akut

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-283
Author(s):  
Any Aryani ◽  
Dedy Duryadi Solihin ◽  
Cece Sumantri ◽  
Rudi Afnan ◽  
Tike Sartika
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Body Surface Temperature ◽  
Head Neck

This study was conducted to determine the physiological response of acute heat stress in Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) and Walik chickens with four different HSP70 gene haplotypes (H1', H1, H2, and H3). Acute heat stress is carried out at 35°C for one hour. The data was analyzed based on rectal temperature measurements, distribution of body surface temperature (head, neck, body, and leg area), hormone levels (corticosterone and triiodothyronine), and time of panting. Body surface temperature is detected using infrared thermography. The results showed that haplotype H1 Walik chicken is more susceptible to heat stress based on the rectal temperature. In contrast, H1' haplotype Walik chicken released more heat through the body surface in the leg area. Keywords: heat stress, hormone, KUB chicken, infrared thermography, walik chicken

scholarly journals Comparison of Rectal and Infrared Thermometry Temperatures in Anesthetized Swine (Sus scrofa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Kerrie L Farrar ◽  
Amy E Field ◽  
Sarah L Norris ◽  
Kenneth O Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Infrared Thermometry ◽  
Imaging Camera ◽  
Body Surface Temperature ◽  
Animal Handling

Infrared thermometry (IRTM) is a noncontact method to measure temperature. The purpose of this study was to compare rectal temperature and IRTM in healthy anesthetized swine, with the hypothesis that IRTM would be an accurate, noninvasive alternative for rectal temperature measurement. Two groups of female Yorkshire-cross swine (n = 14 and n = 12) were sedated with Tiletamine–zolazepam (0.5 mg/kg) for blood collection during a routine physical examination. While sedated, rectal temperatures were measured using a SureTemp Plus 690 (Welch Allyn) and IRTM measurements were taken using a FLIR E5 thermal imaging camera. The 2 anatomic sites used for thermography measurements were the area surrounding the eye and the neck at the base of the ear. The distance from the imaging camera and the animal during IRTM measurements was 24 to 32 inches, a distance that would allow camera access in a standard swine enclosure. The infrared imaging camera's surface temperature measurement exhibited a proportional bias when compared with the rectal temperature. All rectal temperature measurements were between 98.7 °F to 101.3 °F, with a mean temperature of 100.4 °F. IRTM tended to underestimate rectal temperatures at lower values, and overestimate rectal temperatures at higher values by approximately (+) or (-) 0.8 °F of rectal temperature. Infrared thermometry can provide a quick noninvasive assessment of the body surface temperature, without the need for animal handling or restraint, but should not be considered an accurate replacement for rectal temperature measurement.

scholarly journals Estimation of Rectal Temperature of Goats Based on Surface Temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordânio Inácio Marques ◽  
Patrício Gomes Leite ◽  
José Pinheiro Lopes Neto ◽  
Dermeval Araújo Furtado ◽  
Fernanda Fernandes de Melo Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract Infrared thermography (IR) is a non-invasive tool with potential to indicate changes in the animal's thermal conditions in response to the thermally stressful environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of IR to estimate the rectal temperature of crossbred goats of the Boer breed. Six male crossbred goats of the Boer breed were distributed in a completely randomized design and submitted to temperatures of 26, 30 and 34 °C and 68% relative humidity. Rectal temperature (RT) and thermograms data were collected from animals at each air temperature (AT) evaluated. In the thermograms, the temperatures of the ocular globe (PT), head (HT), shoulder (ST), hindquarter (HQ) and maximum infrared (IRMax) temperatures of the animals' surfaces were collected. The correlation of PT, HT, ST, HQ and IRMax data with RT was evaluated through the Pearson coefficient analysis and the concordance using Bland-Altman diagrams. With the exception of the IRMax surface temperature, the others were adequate for the accurate estimation of RT, with PT standing out for presenting the highest correlation coefficient with RT (r = 0.951) and estimation errors varying in the range of ± 0.27 °C.

scholarly journals The impact of evaporative cooling on the thermoregulation and sensible heat loss of sows during farrowing

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliene Justino ◽  
Irenilza de A. Nääs ◽  
Thayla M. R. Carvalho ◽  
Diego P. Neves ◽  
Douglas D'Alessandro Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System ◽  
The Impact

Pigs are more sensitive to high environmental temperatures explained by the inability of sweating and panting properly when compared to other species of farmed livestock. The evaporative cooling system might favor the thermal comfort of animals during exposure to extreme environmental heat and reduce the harmful effects of heat stress. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensible heat loss and thermoregulation parameters from lactating sows during summer submitted to two different acclimatization systems: natural and evaporative cooling. The experiment was carried out in a commercial farm with 72 lactating sows. The ambient variables (temperature, relative humidity and air velocity) and sows physiological parameters (rectal temperature, surface temperature and respiratory rate) were monitored and then the sensible heat loss at 21days lactation was calculated. The results of rectal temperature did not differ between treatments. However, the evaporative cooling led to a significant reduction in surface temperature and respiratory rate and a significant increase in the sow's sensible heat loss. It was concluded that the use of evaporative cooling system was essential to increase sensible heat loss; thus, it should reduce the negative effects of heat on the sows' thermoregulation during summer.

scholarly journals Effects of lycium and lycium-composed formula on the peripheral coldness induced by local cooling in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Jian-Rong Zhou ◽  
Bunka Ishikawa ◽  
Mihoko Nakashima ◽  
Kazumi Yokomizo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Skin Surface Temperature ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Respective Control

<p>Recently people appealing for peripheral coldness increase. Lycium fruits have a long tradition of use in nutrition and traditional medicine in East Asia, while its effect on peripheral coldness is not yet investigated. We study the effects of lycium and lycium-rich formula (Ligustrum lucidum ait, LLA) on the peripheral coldness induced by local cooling in mice.</p><p>7-week old male ddY mice were administered either water (control) or lycium or LLA for 2 weeks. After an aesthesia, the mouse body except for head was immersed into 10 ℃ water for 10 min. Then the skin surface and rectal temperature of mouse were measured with a thermocamera and a thermocouple thermometer, respectively. And two laser Doppler flow probes were set to measure the skin blood flow of plantar and tail, respectively.</p><p>In the case of 1-week administration on mice, 10% lycium- and 10% LLA-treatments showed good recovery of whole body surface temperature measured by a thermocamera. After 2-week administration on mice, there were not significant differences in the recovery rates of rectal temperature compared with those of the control group. And the 30 min- and 50 min-recovery rates of dorsal skin surface temperature by 1% and 10% lycium-treatment were significantly higher than those of the respective control. Further, the 30 min- and 50 min-plantar skin blood flow by 10% LLA-treatment were significantly higher than those of the respective control. The 50 min-tail skin blood flow by 10% LLA-treatment and 60 min-tail skin blood flow by 1% LLA-treatment were significantly higher than those of the control, respectively.</p>It can be concluded that the administration of lycium or LLA on mouse led to an increase of peripheral blood blow, and thus a recovery of skin surface temperature.

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