THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE USE OF ALCOHOL, MARIJUANA AND COCAINE AND THE SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF RIBEIRÃO PRETO, BRAZIL

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the prevalence of use in life and in the last three months of alcohol, marijuana and cocaine among university students from the social and health Sciences areas of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil and to evaluate the association between use in life and in the last three months of alcohol, marijuana and cocaine and the variables gender, area of the course, with whom the student lives, importance of religion, age and year of study. Method: a cross-sectional study, carried out with a convenience sample of 275 students from a public university in Ribeirão Preto-SP. For data collection, two instruments were used, containing sociodemographic, training and psychoactive substances. For the analysis, the following tests were used: Fisher's exact test, Chi-square test of Person and Mann-Whitney test. Results: As for sociodemographic factors, there was a significant association between the gender of the participants among the use of marijuana and cocaine in life (p=0.024 and p=0.005, respectively) and the last three months (p=0.013 and p=0.009, respectively), among the importance of religion and the lifetime use of alcohol, marijuana and cocaine (p <0.001, p <0.001 and p = 0.024, respectively) and the use of only marijuana in the last three months (p <0.001) and among the use of marijuana in the last three months and the year of graduation (p=0.003). Regarding age, the results showed a significant difference only between the groups that reported not to use alcohol in life (p=0.037). Conclusion: the investigated university students presented a prevalence of use in their lifetime and in the last three months of marijuana and cocaine greater among men, but not for alcohol. The importance of religion was negatively associated with the use of investigated drugs. The results can provide important subsidies for the structuring of preventive measures for abuse of psychoactive substances between university students and the need for new investigations that cover the subject.

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The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1177/1465312519839713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 137-142

Author(s):

Elis Janaina Lira dos Santos ◽

Alana Moura Xavier Dantas ◽

Raíssa Marçal Vilela ◽

Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima ◽

Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Educational Background ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Maxillary Central Incisor ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

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Association between Food Intake and Overweight in Children Assisted by Primary Care

The Open Nursing Journal ◽

10.2174/1874434602115010305 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 305-312

Author(s):

Erivelton Sousa Lima ◽

Amanda de Castro Amorim Serpa Brandão ◽

Antonio Luiz Gomes Junior ◽

Luana kelle Batista Moura ◽

Gerardo Vasconcelos Mesquita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Food Intake ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Food Groups ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: The child feed in the first two years of life is of fundamental importance for a healthy growth and development. Aims: To verify the association between food consumption indicators and overweight in children under the age of two, followed up by primary care health professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 children assisted by primary care. A structured questionnaire was used with questions on sociodemographic data of mothers or guardians and food intake and anthropometric data of children. The analysis of the association between excess weight and food intake indicators was performed using the Pearson’s chi-square test (χ2) and Fisher’s exact test (f ˂ 5). Results: Regarding food intake in children under 6 months of age, 35.1% of the children were exclusively breastfed. Among children at the age of 6 to 23 months: 66.3% were on continued breastfeeding; 16.7% consumed adequate foods at the age of 6 to 8 months; 90.4% consumed foods that belonged to the six food groups; 76.3% consumed food at the minimum frequency and with adequate consistency; 88.9% consumed iron-rich and vitamin A-rich foods, and 59.3% consumed ultra-processed foods. Regarding nutritional status, 24.5% of the children were overweight. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between overweight and food consumption indicators among the surveyed children. However, exclusive breastfeeding was below the recommended level, a low percentage of the introduction of complementary foods at the appropriate age and high consumption of ultra-processed foods reveal the need to improve the assistance provided by primary care to this group.

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Position of lips and tongue in rest in newborns with and without ankyloglossia

CoDAS ◽

10.1590/2317-1782/20202020069 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Silvia Márcia Andrade Campanha ◽

Roberta Lopes de Castro Martinelli ◽

Durval Batista Palhares

Keyword(s):

Visual Inspection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Hospital Data ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Purpose Verify the position of lips and tongue at rest in newborns with and without ankyloglossia. Methods Cross-sectional study, carried out with 130 newborns in University Hospital. Data collection was performed by the researcher and speech-language pathologists from the Hospital. Information on gestational age, sex, weight, height and days of life was collected. The position of the lips and tongue at rest was evaluated through visual inspection with the newborns asleep. After the newborns were awakened, Neonatal Screening of the validated Protocol for the evaluation of the lingual frenulum for infants was performed to detect the alteration of the lingual frenulum. The data obtained were described and submitted to statistical analysis using the Chi-Square test to verify the association between the position of the lips with the tongue and to compare the position of the lips and tongue with and without ankyloglossia. The Mann-Whitney test was used to verify the behavior of the variables the differed between newborns with and without ankyloglossia. The significance level of 5% was adopted. Results When comparing the data, a significant difference was found between: weight and height with and without ankyloglossia; position of lips and tongue. An association between the position of the tongue and lips with and without ankyloglossia was also found. Conclusion Newborns without alteration of the lingual frenulum have a tendency to remain with their lips closed and their tongue elevated during rest and newborns with ankyloglossia have a tendency to keep their lips parted and their tongue low during rest.

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Association between speech and dental occlusion changes in children with cleft lip and palate and time of primary plastic surgeries

Revista CEFAC ◽

10.1590/1982-0216/202123412420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Gabriela Ribeiro Schilling ◽

Maria Cristina de Almeida Freitas Cardoso ◽

Paulo Sérgio Gonçalves da Silva ◽

Marcia Angélica Peter Maahs

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Occlusion ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Incisive Foramen

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the changes in speech and dental occlusion in children with cleft lip and palate and verify their association with each other and with the time of primary plastic surgeries. Methods: a cross-sectional study with collected data on the subjects’ identification, age at the time of primary surgeries, and clinical assessment of speech and dental occlusion. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test were used to verify the associations between the variables at the 5% significance level (p < 0.05). Results: the sample comprised 11 children aged 6 to 10 years, most of whom were males, self-reported white, with trans-incisive foramen cleft, predominantly on the left side. The mean age at lip repair surgery was 6 months, and 13 months at palatoplasty. Among the main dental occlusion changes, posterior and anterior crossbite stood out. All the subjects presented changed speech, with a prevalence of cases with dentoalveolar and palatine deformities, followed by passive and active changes. Subjects with anterior crossbite tended to have undergone primary lip repair surgery at a mean of four months earlier than the subjects without anterior crossbite. Conclusions: the associations between speech and dental occlusion changes, and between these and the time of primary plastic surgeries were not statistically significant. Even though it is known that early lip repair surgery is ideal to favor oral functions and aesthetics, the results revealed a tendency towards anterior crossbite, in these subjects.

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Sero-Surveillance of Brucellosis in Cattle of Chitwan District, Nepal

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v4i3.15774 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 365-371

Author(s):

Sabita Subedi ◽

Meera Prajapati ◽

Bhojan Dhakal

Keyword(s):

Social Study ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

The Social ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

And Control

A cross sectional study was conducted in Eastern and Western parts of Chitwan district from November 2015 to April, 2016 in two parts, the social study followed by biological to determine and compare the prevalence, distribution of antibodies, and level of awareness of farmers against Brucella abortus in cattle of the two regions of same district. Altogether blood samples of 92 cattle were taken for detection of Brucella antibodies by using RBPT test and the positive samples were further retested by Indirect ELISA test through ID Vet iELISA kit 2016. The samples which showed positive on both tests were confirmed as seropositive. Chi -square test and Fisher Exact test was used to find out the association between various variables. The result showed that 14.13% (13/92) and 10.86% (10/92) sample were positive by RBPT and iELISA test respectively. There was no significant prevalence differences (p>0.05) on location, age group, breed type, and method of service (artificial and natural) used in cattle. Comparing abortion with prevalence of Brucellosis, there was significant differences (p<0.05) in the result of both RBPT and iELISA test. Inferring from this result, there is association between the abortion and occurrence of Brucellosis. The higher significant prevalence differences (p<0.01) was according to the time of abortion where higher seropositivity was obtained in the cattle aborted on 5-7th month of pregnancy and cattle of 3rd parity. The study showed the existence of Brucellosis in Chitwan district with no adoption of any preventive measures against this disease, so here is current need of the strategies for its prevention and control in order to mitigate such overwhelming situation.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 365-371

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A cross sectional study of the morbidity pattern among stone quarry workers and their associated risk factors

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213551 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 4451

Author(s):

Vijayakumar M. ◽

Jeshtin M.

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Care Seeking ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Construction sector is a thriving industry which comprises most of the unorganized workers and providing widespread opportunities for employment of most of the poorest and marginalized sections of society in India. The workers are more susceptible to various occupational hazards due to working conditions in dusty environment. This study is proposed to identify the morbidity pattern, availability and usage of safety measures, health care seeking behaviour and health care facilities at the quarry site.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the stone quarry workers of Maduranthakam area in Kancheepuram district from February 2018 to May 2018. The sample size was calculated as 94 and five quarries were selected randomly. The study tool was interview based semi structured questionnaire and clinical examination. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics like Chi square test, Fischer’s exact test was done to determine significant association (p<0.05).Results: The common morbidities among the participants were abdominal conditions (54%), injuries (34%) and musculoskeletal disorders (27%). One in five individuals had respiratory problems and those with breathing difficulty had decreased peak expiratory flow rate. Usage of personal protective equipments is low and about 63.8% of them were using government health care facilities.Conclusions: Increasing demand for stone and aggregates has led to extensive stone quarrying operations. Awareness and enforcement of personal protective equipment, vaccination against diseases like tetanus, periodic health check- ups should be enforced for people working in quarries.

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Prescription pattern in public specialized dental care centers in Brazil

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20732 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e554101220732

Author(s):

Gabriela Luiza Hochscheidt ◽

Mateus Müller da Silva ◽

Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira ◽

Alexandre Silva de Quevedo ◽

Deise Ponzoni

Keyword(s):

Prescription Drugs ◽

Dental Care ◽

Dosage Regimen ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Rational Drug ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

And Gender

The aim of this study was to evaluate the most common drugs prescribed by dentists and the indicators related to rational drug use. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in which 189 interviews were carried out from August 2015 to June 2016 with patients who received drug prescriptions at specialized dental care centers in a city in southern Brazil. A specific data sheet was used, with questions regarding: age and gender of the patient, dental specialty in which the care occurred, and prescription drugs and their respective dosage regimen. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test (p <0.05). From the total of interviews, it was observed that 92.1% of patients received written medication prescriptions. Of these prescriptions, 38.5% had some type of antibiotic for systemic use. Acetaminophen was the most prescribed drug (33.4%), followed by amoxicillin (19.7%). The mean number of medications per prescription was 1.75, and 17.4% of the prescriptions did not indicate the dosage regimen. Our findings indicate a high incidence of prescribed antibiotics and non-compliance with regulatory agency guidance in prescriptions at the centers evaluated.

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Oral neglect as a marker of broader neglect: a cross-sectional investigation of orodental consultation letter of leukemic admitted patients in Iran

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01775-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Owlia ◽

Amin Ansarinia ◽

Hassanali Vahedian Ardakani

Keyword(s):

Underlying Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Oral Manifestations ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Request Rate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Consultation Request

Abstract Background Leukemia is the main malignant hematologic disease of children with different oral manifestations and clinical features. Attention to the oral manifestations is essential for better management. This study assessed the oral and dental consultations conducted in the admitted leukemic patients of an Iranian teaching hospital. Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, medical records of patients admitted in Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital were evaluated. Records of 300 patients with leukemia were randomly selected. Data including demographic information on age, sex, type of oral problems, prescribed instructions and leukemia type were extracted from archived records and registered on the checklist. Finally, Data were analyzed by SPSS17 using Chi-square test. Results The results showed the average age ± SD of patients were 24.36 ± 23.91 with a range of 4 days to 86 years. Among 300 files, 167 belonged to males (55.7%) and 133 pertained to females (44.3%). The most prevalent type of underlying disease was ALL (Acute lymphocytic leukemia) with the frequency of 180 persons (60%). Only 12 (4%) of patients were referred to a specialist due to oral problems. Of all cases of consultation requests, 75% received consultation because of dental problems and 25% for mucosal problems. There was a statistically significant difference between age and consultation request (P = 0.002). Conclusions According to the results of this study, orodental consultation request rate for admitted leukemic patients was low. Pediatric hematologist and oncologists to some extent had more interest to consult due to oral and dental problems rather than others.

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Workloads and burnout of nursing workers

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0659 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 1435-1441

Author(s):

Deciane Pintanela de Carvalho ◽

Laurelize Pereira Rocha ◽

Eliana Cardia de Pinho ◽

Jamila Geri Tomaschewski-Barlem ◽

Edison Luiz Devos Barlem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Lumbar Pain ◽

Limb Pain ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Lower Limb Pain ◽

Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify workloads in nursing work and its association with nursing worker burnout. Method: a cross-sectional study, including 211 nursing workers from a university hospital, between July and August 2016. For the analysis, the descriptive statistics, Chi-Square Test, Fisher’s Exact Test and Mann Whitney U-Test were used. Results: the most evidenced loads were biological. A significant association was found between workloads and workers’ occupation, as well as a significant association between workloads and worker burnout. Burnout caused upper limb pain, neck and lumbar pain, lower limb pain, muscle spasm, lower limb edema, mental fatigue, headache, nervousness, and forgetfulness. Conclusion: workloads identification is a subsidy for the promotion of interventions that minimize the burnout generated to the health of the nursing worker.

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Oral-dental hygiene and oral microorganisms in children with and without congenital heart disease

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi45.3.2005.127-31 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Erniwaty P Panggabean ◽

Lily Irsa ◽

Rosihan Anwar ◽

Munar Lubis ◽

Rusdidjas Rusdidjas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Dental Hygiene ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Decayed Tooth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Oral Microorganisms

Objective This study was done to compare the dental and oralhygiene status of children with and without congenital heart dis-ease (CHD) by investigating oral microorganisms and dental andoral hygiene indices.Methods A cross-sectional study was done on children aged 2 to15 years from April 2002 to December 2003 at the Department ofChild Health, Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan. There were twosubject groups, the first consisting of children with CHD and thesecond of those without. The dental and oral hygiene status wasdetermined by determining caries index and oral hygiene index.Swabs from the subjects’ upper first molars were taken and cul-tured to determine the types of microorganisms present. Data wereanalyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and t-test.Results There was a significant difference in mean oral hygieneindex between children with (mean 2.75; SD 1.85) and without(mean 1.45; SD 0.78) CHD (P<0.001). Positive bacterial cultureswere more frequent in children with CHD than in those without.The proportion of normal anaerobes was significantly higher in chil-dren with CHD (P=0.038). Such a significant difference was notfound for normal aerobes, pathogenic aerobes, and pathogenicanaerobes. In children with CHD, there was no significant asso-ciation between mean caries index and oral hygiene index withculture results. In those without CHD, a significant association wasfound between the caries index components of decayed tooth in-dex (P=0.003) and DMF-T (P=0.022) with culture results.Conclusions Oral-dental hygiene in children with CHD is poorrelative to that in children without CHD. Microorganism growth ap-pears more likely in children with CHD than in those without

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