scholarly journals Usual consumption of ultra-processed foods and its association with sex, age, physical activity, and body mass index in adults living in Brasília City, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clíslian Luzia da Silva ◽  
Alessandra Gaspar Sousa ◽  
Lara Pereira Saraiva Leão Borges ◽  
Teresa Helena Macedo da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
State University ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Iowa State University ◽  
Dietary Consumption ◽  
Food Recalls

ABSTRACT: Objective: To evaluate the usual consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and its association with body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), age, and sex in adults living in Brasília City, Brazil. Methodology: A total of 506 individuals aged ≥ 20 years old were interviewed. Dietary intake was assessed with two non-consecutive 24-h food recalls. The distributions of usual intakes of energy and the amount of UPF were estimated using the Iowa State University method. The association of age, BMI, PA, and sex with the proportions of UPF consumption (%Kcal and %grams) was investigated with linear regression models. Results: UPF represented 9.2% of the total dietary consumption (grams/day) and 25% of total energy intake. Compared to eutrophic, subjects with obesity consumed a higher percentage of UPF in grams, whereas subjects with overweight had a higher percentage of UPF in kilocalories. The share of UPF in energy intake was lower in male than female individuals, and PA and age were inversely associated with UPF consumption. Conclusion: Careful monitoring of intake of UPF is recommended. Its consumption should be reduced among people with overweight/obesity and sedentary individuals. Appropriate choices for methods to evaluate the usual distribution of intake will strengthen future analysis of UPF assessment.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Variables as Mediators of the Association of Changes in Diet and Physical Activity With Inflammatory Profile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cárdenas-Fuentes ◽  
Camille Lassale ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González ◽  
María Grau ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Inflammatory Score ◽  
Inflammatory Profile

Abstract Background Mechanisms underlying the associations of high levels of physical activity (PA) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) with a better inflammatory profile remain unclear. Our objective was to assess the mediating role of changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), as markers of body fat in the association of changes in PA and adherence to the MedDiet, with changes in the inflammatory profile. Method This study included 489 adults, aged 55–75 years, from the PREDIMED-Plus multicenter lifestyle intervention trial. An inflammatory score was calculated, based on 8 blood biomarkers: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, interleukin 18, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, C-peptide, leptin, and regulated on activation, normal T-cell–expressed and secreted chemokine. Biomarkers, levels of PA, score of MedDiet adherence, BMI, and WC were measured at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Linear regression models were fitted according to the Baron and Kenny framework for mediation analysis. Results Changes in BMI and WC mediated the association of both changes in PA and changes in the MedDiet adherence with the inflammatory score. Body mass index mediated 26% of the association of changes in total PA with the inflammatory profile, and 27% of the association of changes in the MedDiet, while WC mediated 13% and 12% of these associations, respectively. Conclusion In older adults at high cardiovascular risk, increasing PA levels and adherence to a MedDiet during 1 year were associated with a lower inflammatory score, which was partly mediated by a reduction in body fat. Clinical Trials Registration Number International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN89898870; registration date July 24, 2014, retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals The Trp64Arg Polymorphism of the β3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Is Not Associated with Body Weight or Body Mass Index in Japanese: A Longitudinal Analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 5914-5920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Matsushita ◽  
Tetsuji Yokoyama ◽  
Nobuo Yoshiike ◽  
Yasuhiro Matsumura ◽  
Chigusa Date ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
The Cross

Abstract The β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) is expressed mainly in visceral adipose tissue and is thought to contribute to lipolysis and the delivery of free fatty acids to the portal vein. Although many studies have examined the relationship between the Trp64Arg mutation of ADRB3 and obesity, the results have been inconsistent. We examined the cross-sectional relationship of ADRB3 variants with indexes of obesity, and their longitudinal changes over 10 yr, in men and women, aged 40–69 yr, who were randomly selected from the Japanese rural population. The study considered both dietary energy intake and physical activity levels. Among the 746 participants, the genotype frequencies of the Trp64Trp, Trp64Arg, and Arg64Arg variants were 483, 224, and 39, respectively. The cross-sectional analysis showed no significant differences in height, weight, body mass index, blood pressure, serum total and high density lipoprotein cholesterols, and hemoglobin A1c among the genotype groups even after adjustments for gender, age, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and energy intake. No significant differences in the weight changes between the genotype groups were evident in the longitudinal analysis. We conclude that the Trp64Arg mutation of ADRB3 has little or no influence on either body weight or body mass index in the general Japanese population.

scholarly journals Associations of movement behaviors and body mass index: comparison between a report-based and monitor-based method using Compositional Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngwon Kim ◽  
Ryan D. Burns ◽  
Duck-chul Lee ◽  
Gregory J. Welk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Compositional Data Analysis ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Index Comparison

Abstract Background/objectives Evidence on the associations between lifestyle movement behaviors and obesity has been established without taking into account the time-constrained nature of categorized, time-based lifestyle behaviors. We examined the associations of sleep, sedentary behavior (SED), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) with body mass index (BMI) using Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA), and compared the associations between a report-based method (24-h Physical Activity Recall; 24PAR) and a monitor-based method (SenseWear Armband; SWA). Subjects/methods Replicate data from a representative sample of 1247 adults from the Physical Activity Measurement Survey (PAMS) were used in the study. Participants completed activity monitoring on two randomly selected days, each of which required wearing a SWA for a full day, and then completing a telephone-administered 24PAR the following day. Relationships among behavioral compositional parts and BMI were analyzed using CoDA via multiple linear regression models with both 24PAR and SWA data. Results Using 24PAR, time spent in sleep (γ = −3.58, p = 0.011), SED (γ = 3.70, p = 0.002), and MVPA (γ = −0.53, p = 0.018) was associated with BMI. Using SWA, time spent in sleep (γ = −5.10, p < 0.001), SED (γ = 8.93, p < 0.001), LPA (γ = −3.12, p < 0.001), and MVPA (γ = −1.43, p < 0.001) was associated with BMI. The SWA models explained more variance in BMI (R2 = 0.28) compared with the 24PAR models (R2 = 0.07). The compositional isotemporal substitution models revealed reductions in BMI when replacing SED by MVPA, LPA (not with 24PAR) or sleep for both 24PAR and SWA, but the effect estimates were larger with SWA. Conclusions Favorable levels of relative time spent in lifestyle movement behaviors were, in general, associated with decreased BMI. The observed associations were stronger using the monitor-based SWA method compared with the report-based 24PAR method.

Energy Intake, Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and the Colorectal Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault ◽  
Pierre Senesse ◽  
Sèverine Mèance ◽  
Claude Belghiti ◽  
Jean Faivre
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Colorectal Adenoma

scholarly journals Determinants of weight status for the residents of the northwest arctic borough of Alaska

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne A. Lewis ◽  
Anshul Pandya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation

While the consumption of a market-based diet is increasing, subsistence food still forms a part of caloric intake for Northwest Arctic Borough of Alaska residents. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of consumption of a market-based diet compared to a subsistence diet on the body mass index (BMI) of the people living in this region.  For this, 82 adult participants were recruited, and their weight and height were measured to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI). The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire that included questions about their family background, lifestyle, physical fitness and dietary patterns. Linear regression models were used to examine BMI's association with variables of diet and physical activity, followed by correlational analysis between BMI and these variables. No significant correlation was identified between BMI and how often people ate a subsistence-based diet. A strong positive correlation was found between BMI and how often people eat food prepared in a restaurant or ate fast food and junk food. A strong negative correlation was found between BMI and frequency of exercise by the participants. Physical activity and consumption of a western diet rather than a subsistence diet are more significant determinants of BMI among Northwest Arctic Borough of Alaska residents. These results can be used as a baseline for further studies linking diet and health outcomes among this region's residents.

scholarly journals Physical activity, but not body mass index, predicts less disability before and after stroke

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (18) ◽  
pp. 1718-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M. Rist ◽  
Benjamin D. Capistrant ◽  
Elizabeth Rose Mayeda ◽  
Sze Y. Liu ◽  
M. Maria Glymour
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Before And After

Objective:To determine whether physical activity and body mass index (BMI) predict instrumental or basic activities of daily living (I/ADL) trajectories before or after stroke compared to individuals who remained stroke-free.Methods:Using a prospective cohort, the Health and Retirement Study, we followed adults without a history of stroke in 1998 (n = 18,117) for up to 14 years. We estimated linear regression models of I/ADL trajectories comparing individuals who remained stroke-free throughout follow-up (n = 16,264), those who survived stroke (n = 1,374), and those who died after stroke and before the next interview wave (n = 479). We evaluated whether I/ADL trajectories differed by physical activity or BMI at baseline (before stroke), adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic covariates.Results:Compared to those who were physically active, stroke survivors who were physically inactive at baseline had a lower probability of independence in ADLs and IADLs 3 years after stroke (risk difference = −0.18 and −0.16 for ADLs and IADLs, respectively). However, a similar difference in the probability of independence was also present 3 years before stroke, and we observed no evidence that physical activity slowed the rate of decline in independence before or after stroke. Unlike the results for physical activity, we did not observe a consistent pattern for the probability of independence in ADLs or IADLs comparing obese stroke survivors to normal-weight or to overweight stroke survivors 3 years before stroke or 3 years after stroke.Conclusions:Physical inactivity predicts a higher risk of being dependent both before and after stroke.

scholarly journals The Association between Physical Activity, Dietary Behavior and Body Mass Index among Saudi Women Living in KSA and UK: العلاقة بين النشاط البدني والسلوك الغذائي ومؤشر كتلة الجسم بين النساء السعوديات اللواتي يعشن في المملكة العربية السعودية والمملكة المتحدة

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahlam Saleh Al-Hajri - Fiona McCullough  -   Andy Salter
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Saudi Women ◽  
The Uk

    This study investigates the association between Physical Activity (PA) and dietary intake with Body Mass Index (BMI) among Saudi women living in Saudi Arabia and women living in the UK. A survey of a snowball sample was used to recruit 258 female and explored factors influencing PA and food intake and their effects on BMI in women living in KSA and UK. Participants completed a self-reporting questionnaire relating to knowledge, attitudes, barriers, and levels of PA, sedentary activity and eating habits. Several results were concluded, most importantly: 1) Excessive energy intake, physical inactivity, and sedentary lifestyle were all prevalent in Saudi women, resulting in 80%, over the age of 35 years being overweight or obese. 2) BMI was associated with both energy intake and PA, though the relationship with the former was stronger. The most common barriers to regular exercise were transportation and lack of time. 3) Findings were generally similar between women living in Saudi Arabia and the UK. 4) This study confirms that excessive dietary intake and physical inactivity both contribute to overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabian women.    

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