scholarly journals BIOMASS YIELD OF CROTALARIA JUNCEA AFTER THINNING AND AT VARIED SOWING DENSITIES IN THE COASTAL PLATEAU OF PIAUÍ STATE, BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAURO SERGIO TEODORO ◽  
FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE SEIXAS SANTOS ◽  
MAIRLA NASCIMENTO DE LACERDA ◽  
LUMA MELISA DA SILVA ARAÚJO
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Important Center ◽  
Number Of Branches

ABSTRACT The northern region of Piauí state is an important center of irrigated organic fruit farming, wherein sandy soils with low organic matter content are predominant, besides climate with high temperatures, long periods of water deficit and constant wind. Given this situation, it becomes necessary to investigate alternative management options able to meet the challenges of agricultural productivity. In this context, green manuring becomes an important practice, mainly when using fast-growing species and with great potential for biomass production. Thus, a study was carried out at Embrapa Meio-Norte to measure Crotalaria juncea biomass yield after thinning and at various sowing densities. The evaluated parameters were plant height, stem diameter, number of branches per plant, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots. The results showed that sowing density had no influence on plant height; however, unthinned plants reached greater heights, which might have been due to reduced competition for light. Thinning had no effect on diameters of plant stem base; on the other hand, lower planting densities promoted larger diameters also due to less competition. Likewise, the number of branches per plant was not affected by thinning, being greater at lower planting densities on account of less competition. Thinned plants achieved higher averages of fresh shoot weight. Nevertheless, shoot dry biomass was greater at higher planting densities. Furthermore, both fresh and dry weight of roots were not influenced by any of the adopted treatments.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludge

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M T Morera ◽  
J. Echeverría ◽  
J. Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metals Bioavailability ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

The recycling of sewage sludge to agricultural land results in the slow accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn applied to soils in urban anaerobically stabilized sewage sludge. The soils were Lithic Haplumbrept (Lh), Calcixerollic Xerochrept (Cx1 and Cx2) and Paralithic Xerorthent (Px). Sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L) were grown in the soils following amendment with the sludge. The addition of sewage sludge markedly increased the average dry weight of the plants in the soils that had lower yields without sludge addition (Lh, Cx2, and Px). The acid pH of the Lh soil favoured the bioavailability of Zn from sewage sludge. The bioavailability of Cu was greater in the alkaline soils than in the acidic soil (Lh), which can be attributed to the high organic matter content of the Lh soil which complexes Cu and impairs its uptake by the plants. The concentration of metals in the plants increased with the sewage sludge dose. The effect of the soil type on the metal concentration in plants was greater that the effect of the dose. Key words: Soils, sewage sludge, heavy metals, bioavailability, sunflower

scholarly journals Total phosphorus and organic matter content in bottom sediments of lake under restoration measures with iron treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kowalczewska-Madura ◽  
Renata Dondajewska ◽  
Ryszard Gołdyn
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Iron Treatment ◽  
Iron Sulphate ◽  
Restoration Measures

Total phosphorus and organic matter content in bottom sediments of lake under restoration measures with iron treatmentRusałka Lake is a shallow, man-made, strongly eutrophicated reservoir, being a place of recreational activities for Poznan citizens. Restoration measures with the use of iron sulphate were conducted in years 2006-2007. Phosphorus and organic matter concentrations in lake sediments were analyzed in years 2005-2007 at two research stations (profundal and littoral) to determine its changes under the influence of restoration. Greater phosphorus concentrations were noted in profundal (max 1.55 mg P g-1dry weight (DW)) than in littoral (max 0.98 mg P g-1DW). An increase of P amount in sediment was observed after iron treatment. Among phosphorus fractions Res-P dominated, i.e. phosphorus biologically unavailable for organisms. Organic matter content reached 23.1% in profundal, while 14.8% in littoral. Its amount decreased in following years.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fresh Mushroom Compost

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Fidanza ◽  
David L. Sanford ◽  
David M. Beyer ◽  
David J. Aurentz
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Wet Weight

Fresh mushroom compost is a byproduct of the edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) industry and represents the composted growing substrate that remains after a crop has been harvested to completion. Thirty samples were obtained from commercial mushroom farms in southeastern Pennsylvania and sent to a laboratory for analysis to determine plant nutrient content, bulk density, and particle size distribution of fresh mushroom compost. Fresh mushroom compost had an average pH of 6.6, with an average carbon:nitrogen ratio of 13:1. Organic matter content averaged 25.86% (wet weight), 146.73 lb/yard3 (wet volume) or 60.97% (dry weight). For the primary macronutrients, average total nitrogen content averaged 1.12% (wet weight), 6.40 lb/yard3 (wet volume) or 2.65% (dry weight), phosphorus measured 0.29% (wet weight), 1.67 lb/yard3 (wet volume) or 0.69% (dry weight), and potassium was 1.04% (wet weight), 5.89 lb/yard3 (wet volume) or 2.44% (dry weight). Average soluble salt content was 13.30 mmho/cm (wet weight basis). However, on a per acre basis, the calculated sodium absorption ratio of 0.38 was considered very low. The average bulk density of fresh mushroom compost was 574.73 lb/yard3 (wet volume basis), and 91% of the material measured ≤3/8 inch in diameter as determined on a wet weight basis. Overall, fresh mushroom compost is suitable as a natural organic fertilizer and soil amendment for agriculture and horticulture.

scholarly journals The Cs-137 contamination of soils in the Netherlands and its consequences for the contamination of crop products.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
M.J. Frissel ◽  
J.F. Stoutjesdijk ◽  
A.C. Koolwijk ◽  
H.W. Koster
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Plant Transfer ◽  
Analysis Programme ◽  
Averaging Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Space Effects

On 2-4 May 1986 the Netherlands was contaminated with radioactive caesium originating from the nuclear accident at Chernobyl. Radiation measurements indicated that the major part of the contamination was associated with rainfall. A sampling and analysis programme confirmed this assumption. To estimate the uptake of Cs-134 and Cs-137 by crops in the future, use was made of the data of the Soil-to-Plant Transfer working group of the IUR (International Union of Radioecologists). The IUR data provide predictor values for the transfer of radionuclides for particular types of crops and soils. Correction factors are presented for the impact of pH, organic matter content and reduction of the availability of radionuclides with time. Uncertainties associated with averaging time and space effects and local differences as well as 95% confidence limits are provided. The predicted levels for edible parts of crops in the Netherlands vary between 0.1 and 10 Bq kg-1 on a dry weight base. On a fresh weight base these values are even lower. The predicted transfer values are compared with results of uptake experiments at RIVM. It can be concluded that, for the range of conditions tested, there is no indication of severe deviations from the predicted uptake due to local conditions in the Netherlands. Therefore the derived equations for the prediction of the uptake of Cs-137 can be applied. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Organic matter content and quality in supraglacial debris across the ablation zone of the Greenland ice sheet

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (56) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Stibal ◽  
Emily C. Lawson ◽  
Grzegorz P. Lis ◽  
Ka Man Mak ◽  
Jemma L. Wadham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Microbial Abundance ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Microbial Productivity

AbstractQuantifying the biogeochemical cycling of carbon in glacial ecosystems is of great significance for regional, and potentially global, carbon flow estimations. The concentration and quality of organic carbon (OC) is an important indicator of biogeochemical and physical processes that prevail in an ice-sheet ecosystem. Here we determine the content and quality of OC in debris from the surface of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) using microscopic, chromatographic, spectrophotometric and high-temperature combustion techniques. The total OC content in the debris increased with distance from the edge of the ice sheet, from virtually zero to >6% dry weight at 50 km inland, and there was a peak in the carbohydrate proportion and the microbial abundance at ∼6km inland. The highest (galactose + mannose)/(arabinose + xylose) ratios, indicating maximum autochthonous microbial production, were found at >10km inland. We propose that three key processes influence the carbon cycling on the GrIS: aeolian input of microbial inoculum and nutrients, in situ biological C transformation and the wash-away of supraglacial debris by meltwaters. We show that all these processes have significant spatial variability. While the total OC content of the debris on the ice sheet is probably controlled by the physical processes of wind transport and wash-away by meltwater, the microbial abundance and the quantity of the labile cell-contained OC within the debris is likely to be driven by the balance between the wash-away and the microbial productivity.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Humic Acid and Trichoderma sp. for Planting Media with Oil Palm Empty Bunches in Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Aline Sisi Handini ◽  
Ratih Rahhutami ◽  
Dwi Astutik
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Total N ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Growing Medium

<em>Pakcoy is a vegetable commodity that has high economic value. This study aims to determine the effect of humic acid and Trichoderma sp. by utilizing empty fruit bunch (EFB) waste as a growing medium for Pakcoy growth. The research method used was a two-factor randomized block design. The first factor is humic acid (AH) with three levels: AH1 = 1 g, AH2 = 2 g, AH3 = 3 g. The second factor is Trichoderma sp. (T) with three levels; T1 = 50 ml, T2 = 100 ml, T3 = 150 ml. In this study it was concluded, the best treatment was found in the application of humic acid with a dose of 1 g on the parameters of observation of leaf length, leaf width, plant height, wet weight, and plant dry weight. The use of Trichoderma sp. in this study, does not affect all parameters observation. The results of the analysis of the planting medium showed that the pH was slightly acidic conditions 5.67 - 6.33. The organic matter content contained in the growing media ranged from 1.20 to 2.62%, and the total N-total contained in the growing medium ranged from 0.10 to 0.18. In-plant tissue analysis shows that the N-total found in plant tissue ranges from 4.62 - 5.23.</em>

Effect of Shade on Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Growth, Seed Production, and Dormancy

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliya A. Bello ◽  
Micheal D. K. Owen ◽  
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valentp
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

Growth, seed production, and dormancy of velvetleaf in response to shading were evaluated in the field. Velvetleaf plant height, leaf number, number of branches, and plant dry weight decreased linearly with increasing shade. No differences were observed for plant height, number of leaves, or branches/plant when plants were shaded 30% or not shaded throughout the growing season. However, the 76% shade treatment reduced velvetleaf height (1984 only), leaf number, stem branches, and plant dry weight. These reductions were greater in 1984 than 1985 except for plant dry weight that decreased by 88% each year. The number of capsules and the number of seeds/plant decreased linearly with increasing shade levels, while the seed weight increased with increasing shade level. Shading also decreased seed dormancy. These results demonstrate that shade suppresses velvetleaf growth and seed production, and shortens the dormancy of seeds that are produced by these plants.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Biochar dengan Pupuk Kandang Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Jurnal Agrium ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Fadhlina Fadhlina ◽  
Jamidi Jamidi ◽  
Usnawiyah Usnawiyah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Number Of Branches

The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the use of biochar and cow manure and their interaction with peanut production and growth. This research was conducted in Reuleut Barat Village, Muara Batu Sub-district, North Aceh Regency which conducted from April to September 2015. This research used Factorial Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. Two factors  studied: biochar (B) and manure cow (K), each consisting of B0 (without biochar), B1 (biochar 5 tons / ha) and K0 (without manure), K1 (manure 5 tons / ha), K2 (manure 10 tons / ha). The results showed that the use of biochar (B) had no significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches, amount of ginofor, weight of pod per plant, dry weight of 100 seeds and dry weight of seed per plot. But it gives a significant influence on the root length. Furthermore, the application of cow manure (K) has a very significant effect on plant height at age 15 days after planting. There is interaction to plant height at 15 days after planting and plant height at 30 days after planting. The application of biochar gave an effect significantly on the growth of peanut crops and the application of cow manure also affected the growth of peanut crops. There is an interaction between the application of biochar and cow manure to the growth of peanut crops

scholarly journals On-farm Demonstrations of Soil and Pest Management Options within California's San Joaquin Valley Row Crop Production Areas

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 670e-670
Author(s):  
J.P. Mitchell ◽  
P.B. Goodell ◽  
R. Bader ◽  
R. Cifuentes ◽  
T.S. Prather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
On Farm

A participatory, on-farm research and extension program has been established around 16 demonstration comparisons of biologically integrated soil building–pest management systems and conventionally managed systems within the West Side row crop area of California's San Joaquin Valley. In each of the biologically integrated parcels, cover crops and composted organic materials are integrated into rotations wherever appropriate, whereas in the conventionally managed parcels, mineral fertilizer applications are made. Pest management practices are evaluated and biologically and informationally intensive alternatives are developed through a participatory process. Indices of soil quality including nutrient status, water stable aggregates, organic matter content, and phospholipid fatty acids are routinely monitored. Information related to the objectives, structure and monitoring activities of this project during the establishment phase will be discussed.

scholarly journals TEKNIK MULSA VERTIKAL PADA BUDIDAYA TEBU (Saccharum officinarum.L) RATOON SATU

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Abusari Marbun ◽  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Hanum Hanum
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Ratoon Sugarcane

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum.L) is the main material in sugar industry. An effort to improve the quality of dry land for sugarcane cultivation is important. One of the effort than can be done is the additional of organic metter to the soil. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of vertical mulching techniques for soil organic matter content and soil chemistry fertility and its relationship with the vegetative growth of the ratoon sugarcane. This research was conducted at Agricultural High School Practice (STPP) Medan-Binjai KM.10 districts Sunggal Deli Serdang, North Sumatra, from May -December 2013. This study was conducted using a randomized block design non factorial with four treatments, were: horizontal mulch (M1), vertical mulch (M2), vertical mulch with Trichoderma sp. (M3), Vertical mulch mixed with cow manure (M4). The result from the research showed, that vertical mulch mixture with manure can increase the level of C-organic, N-content, and the lower of Ratio C/ N . Vertical mulching treatment mix with manure, increasing the shoot length of sugarcane 21.9%, the number of plants per clump 6.8%, the number of plants per meter 50%, wet weight 68.28% and dry weight 41.9%, compared with horizontal mulch

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