scholarly journals On-farm Demonstrations of Soil and Pest Management Options within California's San Joaquin Valley Row Crop Production Areas

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 670e-670
Author(s):  
J.P. Mitchell ◽  
P.B. Goodell ◽  
R. Bader ◽  
R. Cifuentes ◽  
T.S. Prather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
On Farm

A participatory, on-farm research and extension program has been established around 16 demonstration comparisons of biologically integrated soil building–pest management systems and conventionally managed systems within the West Side row crop area of California's San Joaquin Valley. In each of the biologically integrated parcels, cover crops and composted organic materials are integrated into rotations wherever appropriate, whereas in the conventionally managed parcels, mineral fertilizer applications are made. Pest management practices are evaluated and biologically and informationally intensive alternatives are developed through a participatory process. Indices of soil quality including nutrient status, water stable aggregates, organic matter content, and phospholipid fatty acids are routinely monitored. Information related to the objectives, structure and monitoring activities of this project during the establishment phase will be discussed.

Assessment of soil quality under maize-wheat cropping system of Milak block, district Rampur, Uttar Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Ravindra Kumar ◽  
Manoj Singh ◽  
A. K. Mishra ◽  
Reshu Singh ◽  
N. C. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available Nitrogen

Soil is one of the most important vital natural resource, defends the life supporting system of a country and socio-economic development of its people. More than ever before, a renewed attention is being given to soil due to rapid declining land area for agriculture, declining soil fertility and increasing soil degradation, wrong land policies and imbalance use of inputs (Kanwar, 2004). All the above factors call for a paradigm shift in research away from maximum crop production to the sustainability of crop production system without degradation of soil health and environmental quality. Soils differ greatly in their morphological, physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Since these characteristics affect the response of soil to management practices it is necessary to have information about these characteristics of each category of soil. Soil fertility is one of the important factors controlling yields of the crops. Within a soil, nutrient variability exists depending upon the hydrological properties of the soil and cropping system. In the present study 366 soil samples were collected from 21 gram panchayats and were analyzed. The soil samples were collected from rice-wheat cropping sequence. Analysis of soil samples revealed that 82 per cent samples were medium in organic matter content, 100 per cent soil samples were deficient in available nitrogen, while 92 per cent P and 100 per cent K samples were in medium range respectively. Among the micronutrients tested copper and iron were in sufficient range while manganese and zinc were deficient in soil.

scholarly journals Cooperative Farmer–Scientist Evaluations of Biologically Integrated Soil and Pest Management Practices

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 540B-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Mitchell ◽  
P.B. Goodell ◽  
T.S. Prather ◽  
R.L. Coviello ◽  
T.K. Hartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
First Year ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Private Agency ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
On Farm

In Fall 1995, 12 row crop farmers in conjunction with Univ. of California, NRCS and private agency advisors established the West Side On-Farm Demonstration Project to conduct demonstrations of soil and pest management options aimed at sustained profitability and environmental stewardship in the western San Joaquin Valley of California. Monitoring of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties is done in side-by-side on-farm comparisons of plots amended with organic inputs and unamended plots. Intensive monitoring of beneficial and pest insects is carried out within each comparison block, and the data generated is used to guide pest management decision-making at each site. Yields and soil characteristics of the amended plots did not differ from those of unamended plots after the first year. The on-farm context and the cooperative farmer–scientist interactions of this project facilitate the development of timely and relevant research directions to be pursued beyond the core set of monitoring activities.

scholarly journals Conservation Horticulture in Mango Orchards: Comparative Effects of Conventional and Conservation Management Practices on Soil Properties of an Alfisol under Seasonally Dry Tropical Savanna Climate

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Ganeshamurthy ◽  
V. Ravindra ◽  
P. Panneerselvam ◽  
K. Sathyarahini ◽  
R. M. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Long Period

<p>Conservation horticulture is a new concept in management of soil health under perennial horticultural cropping systems. Experiments conducted reasonably over a long period on such soil management systems provide valuable information about sustainability of production systems. This paper reports the results of comprehensive investigations on soil chemical, physical, biochemical and biological properties of soils under conventional and conservation horticulture practices over a long period in drylnd mango orchards on Alfisols. Effects of conservation tillage, inter cropping and cover cropping on soil carbon fractions was measured by determination of loss on ignition, organic carbon (OC) and active carbon (AC). Soil biochemical properties were evaluated by measuring glomalin and extracellular enzymatic activities viz., dehydrogenase, urease, phosphomonoestrase and arylsulphatase and measurement of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and carbon mineralization. Biological status was evaluated by estimating bacterial, actinobacterial and fungal populations, earthworms, micro arthropods and centipedes. Soil physical status was assessed by measuring bulk density, soil moisture status and infiltration rates.</p><p>Conservation horticultural practices improved the quality of soil, especially near the surface, by lowering the bulk density and enhancing infiltration rate. The soil aggregate formation and water stability have enhanced in plots with conservation practices because of higher production of glomalin compared with vegetable and orchard plots where conventional practices were followed. Relationship between measured infiltration and soil properties showed high average IRs in conservation plots due to high organic matter content, low bulk density values and enhanced exchangeable basic cations. Vegetable plots and conventional mango plots showed complete decline in earthworm and centipede population while plots with conservation practices showed a build-up of their population. Microbial and biochemical properties significantly improved in plots with conservation horticultural practices over orchard plots with conventional practices. Legumes as inter and cover crops were found to be superior in improving soil quality than sweet potato.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Land Use on Soil Physical and Hydrological Properties on Sandstones Parent material in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Ogban P.I. ◽  
Ibitt E.N.
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Plant Materials

Knowledge of soil physical and hydrological properties is used by soil scien- tists, agronomists, hydrologists, irrigation engineers and environmental scientists for developing best management practices for efficient and economical manage- ment of soil and water for optimum crop production and designing liquid waste disposal systems. A study was conducted on the sandstone parent material in northern Akwa Ibom State to evaluate the effects of forest (FO), fallow (FA), and cultivated (CU) land use types on soil physical and hydrological properties. The effects of the three land use practices on soil properties were generally, sta- tistically non-significant; however, there were remarkable differences among the land uses. It was observed that bulk density (BD), water stable aggregates (WSA), soil organic carbon (SOC), saturated water content (SWC), field capaci- ty water content (FC), and sorptivity (S) were higher in CU than in FO and FA, indicating that forest soils may not always have improved soil physical and hy- drological properties than cultivated soil. However, since the soils are coarse- textured (with low clay content), conservation tillage involving the application of plant materials on the surface or ploughed into the soil and occasional fallow- ing to replenish the organic matter content, are needed to bind the primary parti- cles, stabilize soil structure, and improve water intake and storage, important indices for the optimum edaphological functions of the soils in the study area.

Physical and chemical characterization of some selected soils in University of Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Buji I.B. ◽  
Adamu I. ◽  
Magaji M.J. ◽  
Hayatu N.G. ◽  
Zubairu A.M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A semi-detailed survey was conducted to characterize some physical and chemical properties of soils of Teaching and Research Farm University of Maiduguri, Borno State. Three sites were selected on the basis of land forms and surface texture and their description were taken using two soil profile pits at each sites. The soils collected were subjected to laboratory analysis using standard procedure. The colour of the soils changes at both surface and subsurface layers within each layer due to reduction in organic matter content down the profile, majority of the topsoil layer were brown while light yellowish orange were found in the subsoil layer.The consistency of the soil changed from hard at the surface layers to soft at subsurface layers. Soil reaction ranged from6.72 to 7.36which is neutral to slightly alkaline at both surface and subsurface layer and the electrical conductivity shows no salinity effect at both surface and subsurface layers. Cation Exchange Capacacity ranged from 10.09 to 15.97 Cmol/kg which was very low. Organic carbon content was generally low to moderate which ranged from 0.2 to 0.60 % due to poor return in organic matter content. The soil texture of the surface and subsurface was predominately sandy loam. Sand content of P2 ranged from 537g/kg to 762 g/kg, silt ranged from 141 (P4) to 441 (P1) g/kg and clay from 72 (P2) and 147 (P4) g/kg. Available phosphorus and potassium tend to be low while sodium was high, magnesium showed to be medium to high, while calcium was also low to medium. Bulk density of the soils, increases with increase in depth and the hydraulic conductivity decreases with increase in depth. The chemical and physical properties of the soil are good for crop production except for sodium that is high, which need some management practices for optimum crop production and as such evaluation on the capability and suitability of the area should be conducted.

scholarly journals Organic Farming and Cover-Crop Management Reduce Pest Predation in Austrian Vineyards

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Jo Marie Reiff ◽  
Sebastian Kolb ◽  
Martin H. Entling ◽  
Thomas Herndl ◽  
Stefan Möth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Natural Pest Control ◽  
Predation Rates

Habitat simplification and intensive use of pesticides are main drivers of global arthropod declines and are, thus, decreasing natural pest control. Organic farming, complex landscapes, and local vineyard management practices such as implementation of flower-rich cover-crop mixtures may be a promising approach to enhance predator abundance and, therefore, natural pest control. We examined the effect of organic versus integrated management, cover-crop diversity in the vineyard inter-rows, and landscape composition on the natural pest control of Lobesia botrana eggs and pupae. Predation of L. botrana pupae was reduced by organic farming and species-poor cover-crops by about 10%. Predation rates of L. botrana eggs did not differ significantly in any of the studied management options. Dominant predators were earwigs (Forficulidae), bush crickets (Tettigoniidae), and ants (Formicidae). Negative effects of organic viticulture are most likely related to the negative nontarget effects on arthropods related to the frequent sulfur and copper applications in combination with the avoidance of strongly damaging insecticides by integrated winegrowers. While a 10% difference in predation rates on a single pest stage is unlikely to have strong practical implications, our results show that the assumed effectiveness of environmentally friendly agriculture needs to be evaluated for specific crops and regions.

Log landings are methane emission hotspots in managed forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Vantellingen ◽  
Sean C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Managed Forests

Log landings are areas within managed forests used to process and store felled trees prior to transport. Through their construction and use soil is removed or redistributed, compacted, and organic matter contents may be increased by incorporation of wood fragments. The effects of these changes to soil properties on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) flux is unclear and unstudied. We quantified CH<sub>4</sub> flux rates from year-old landings in Ontario, Canada, and examined spatial variability and relationships to soil properties within these sites. Landings emitted CH<sub>4</sub> throughout the growing season; the average CH<sub>4</sub> emission rate from log landings was 69.2 ± 12.8 nmol m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> (26.2 ± 4.8 g CH<sub>4</sub> C m<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>), a rate comparable to CH<sub>4</sub>-emitting wetlands. Emission rates were correlated to soil pH, organic matter content and quantities of buried woody debris. These properties led to strong CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, or “hotspots”, in certain areas of landings, particularly where processing of logs occurred and incorporated woody debris into the soil. At the forest level, emissions from landings were estimated to offset ~12% of CH<sub>4</sub> consumption from soils within the harvest area, although making up only ~0.5% of the harvest area. Management practices to avoid or remediate these emissions should be developed as a priority measure in “climate-smart” forestry.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN KOMPOS BAGASE UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN TERUNG (Solanum melongena L.)

HORTUSCOLER ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Risa Selfiani ◽  
Darmansyah Darmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a plant species that is known as the fruit and vegetables grown for use as a food ingredient. These plants belong to one group of plants that produce seeds Eggplant Trunk divided into two kinds, namely the main stem and branching. Eggplant leaf consists of a petiole and the leaf blade. Eggplant flowers are hermaphrodite flowers, or better known as the bisexual flowers, the flowers are one of the stamen to the pistil. Eggplant fruit is the fruit of a true single.. Cultivation of eggplant in the Project of Independent Business is using composting technology bagase. Bagase compost is compost that comes from bagasse or the rest of the sugar mill. Bagase own compost organic matter content of about 90%, N content of 0,3%, 0,02% P2O5, K20 0,14%, Ca 0,06% and 0,04% Mg. The project goal independent business is the use of compost bagase on the cultivation of eggplant to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and optimize plant production eggplant, farming systems semi-organic environmentally sustainable and analyze the feasibility of cultivation of eggplant with market potential in Payakumbuh and the District Fifty City. Independent business projects implemented during the four months from September to December 2015 and conducted experiments dikebun State Agricultural Polytechnic Payakumbuh with total area of ​​300 m2. Eggplant crop production on the independent business projects with the use of compost bagase treatment that is 575 Kg/300 m2, a profit of Rp. 835.310, the profitability of 92% and RC Ratio of 1,92.

scholarly journals No-tillage sorghum and garbanzo yields match or exceed standard tillage yields

2022 ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Mitchell ◽  
Anil Shrestha ◽  
Lynn Epstein ◽  
Jeffery A. Dahlberg ◽  
Teamrat Ghezzehei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Agricultural Water Use ◽  
No Till ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop System

To meet the requirements of California's Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, there is a critical need for crop production strategies with less reliance on irrigation from surface and groundwater sources. One strategy for improving agricultural water use efficiency is reducing tillage and maintaining residues on the soil surface. We evaluated high residue no-till versus standard tillage in the San Joaquin Valley with and without cover crops on the yields of two crops, garbanzo and sorghum, for 4 years. The no-till treatment had no primary or secondary tillage. Sorghum yields were similar in no-till and standard tillage systems while no-till garbanzo yields matched or exceeded those of standard tillage, depending on the year. Cover crops had no effect on crop yields. Soil cover was highest under the no-till with cover crop system, averaging 97% versus 5% for the standard tillage without cover crop system. Our results suggest that garbanzos and sorghum can be grown under no-till practices in the San Joaquin Valley without loss of yield.

scholarly journals Effects of different soil management practices on soil properties and microbial diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Gajda ◽  
Ewa A. Czyż ◽  
Anthony R. Dexter ◽  
Karolina M. Furtak ◽  
Jarosław Grządziel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage

AbstractThe effects of different tillage systems on the properties and microbial diversity of an agricultural soil was investigated. In doing so, soil physical, chemical and biological properties were analysed in 2013-2015, on a long-term field experiment on a loamy sand at the IUNG-PIB Experimental Station in Grabów, Poland. Winter wheat was grown under two tillage treatments: conventional tillage using a mouldboard plough and traditional soil tillage equipment, and reduced tillage based on soil crushing-loosening equipment and a rigid-tine cultivator. Chopped wheat straw was used as a mulch on both treatments. Reduced tillage resulted in increased water content throughout the whole soil profile, in comparison with conventional tillage. Under reduced tillage, the content of readily dispersible clay was also reduced, and, therefore, soil stability was increased in the toplayers, compared with conventional tillage. In addition, the beneficial effects of reduced tillage were reflected in higher soil microbial activity as measured with dehydrogenases and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate, compared with conventional tillage. Moreover, the polimerase chain reaction – denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that soil under reduced till-age had greater diversity of microbial communities, compared with conventionally-tilled soil. Finally, reduced tillage increased organic matter content, stability in water and microbial diversity in the top layer of the soil.

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