Formulation and characterization of antibacterial orthodontic adhesive

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to formulate experimental orthodontic bracket adhesives and test their mechanical properties, fluoride release and antibacterial activity. Methods: Four experimental antibacterial orthodontic bracket adhesives were prepared with different compositions of synthesized antibacterial monomers replacing total 5% of dental monomers in the control Transbond XT (3M): 5%C11, 3.5%C11+1.5%C2, 5%C16, and 3.5%C16+1.5%C2. Transbond XT alone was used as control. These groups were used to bond premolar brackets to extracted premolars. Shear bond strength (SBS) was tested using an Instron machine. For antibacterial test, disk specimens (10mm diameter, 1mm thick, n=4) were fabricated and incubated with cultures of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans for 48h, and following gentle sonication, S. mutans biofilms in colony-forming-units (CFU) on the disks were enumerated by plating on agar medium. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05). Results: All experimental groups had similar shear bond strength (no significant difference) to the control. All experimental groups showed significant inhibitory effect against S. mutans biofilm formation, when compared to the control, but there was no significant difference between experimental groups. Conclusion: Antibacterial orthodontic adhesive can be fabricated to have similar mechanical properties but better caries-inhibitory effect than current adhesive.

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Variations in orthodontic bracket retention related to base design. Comparison of foil mesh and anchor pylons brackets

Journal of Stomatology ◽

10.5604/00114553.1230589 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 680-695 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marta Gibas-Stanek ◽

Stephen Williams ◽

Wojciech I. Ryniewicz ◽

Bartłomiej W. Loster

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Orthodontic Bracket ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Bonding Properties ◽

Student’S T ◽

Plastic Brackets ◽

Bracket Base ◽

Base Design

Aim of the study. To compare the shear bond strength of metal brackets with foil mesh (3M, Victory Series), one piece metal brackets (Cannon Ultra) and aesthetic plastic brackets (Cannon Ultra) and to evaluate the sandblasting effect on previously used metal bracket bases regarding their bonding ability. Materials and Methods.A total of seventy human third molars were divided into four groups, and brackets were bonded to the enamel using Transbond XT. After 24 hours of storage, brackets were debonded with Instron Universal Testing Machine® and shear bond strength was recorded. Metal brackets were sandblasted until all visible bonding material was removed from the bracket base and then the bonding procedure and shear bond testing were repeated. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check normal distribution. Student’s t-test was used to compare the shear bond strength. Results. The shear bond strength of one-piece metal brackets is significantly bigger (18.93MPa) than metal brackets with foil mesh (12.53MPa). Metal brackets in general demonstrate better bonding properties than aesthetic plastic brackets (8.61MPa). There is no statistically significant difference in shear bond strength between new and re-used sandblasted brackets. Conclusions. One-piece brackets with anchor pylons demonstrate better bonding properties but there is a higher risk of enamel damage during debonding of re-used sandblasted brackets.

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Antimicrobial and physical characteristics of orthodontic primers containing antimicrobial agents

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/052516-416.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 307-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Shin-Hye Chung ◽

Soha Cho ◽

Kyungsun Kim ◽

Bum-Soon Lim ◽

Sug-Joon Ahn

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Water Tank ◽

Bond Failure ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the antimicrobial and physical properties of experimental primers containing chlorhexidine (CHX) or ursolic acid (UA) with a commercial primer. Materials and Methods: Two antibacterial agents, 3 mg each of CHX and UA were incorporated respectively into 1 ml of Transbond XT primer (TX) to form antibacterial primers, TX-CHX and TX-UA. The antimicrobial activity of the three primers (TX, TX-CHX, and TX-UA) against Streptococcus mutans in both planktonic and biofilm phases was analyzed by determining minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations and by performing growth and biofilm assays. Growth and biofilm assays were performed in both the absence and presence of thermocycling in a water tank to analyze the effects of water aging on the antimicrobial activities of primers. After bonding brackets onto bovine incisors using the primers, shear bond strength and mode of fracture were analyzed to compare physical properties. Results: TX-CHX had stronger antimicrobial activity against S. mutans in the planktonic and biofilm phases than did TX or TX-UA. When applied, TX-CHX completely inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of TX-CHX was maintained after thermocycling. However, TX-UA did not show significant antimicrobial activity compared with TX. There was no significant difference in either shear bond strength or bond failure interface among the primers. Conclusion: Incorporation of CHX into an orthodontic primer may help prevent enamel demineralization around surfaces without compromising its physical properties.

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Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Bonding Materials Polymerized by High-Intensity LEDs at Different Intensities and Curing Times

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.376 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 723 ◽

pp. 376-381

Author(s):

Borisorn Udomthanaporn ◽

Passiri Nisalak ◽

Pornrachanee Sawaengkit

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

High Intensity ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Orthodontic Bracket ◽

Exact Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tooth Surfaces ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

To evaluate and compare shear bond strength (SBS) and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) of orthodontic brackets polymerized by high-intensity light-emitting diode (LED) curing units at different intensities and curing times. Sixty extracted human upper premolar teeth were divided into 3 groups of 20 each. The tooth surfaces were prepared and the brackets were bonded on the teeth with light-cured adhesive and cured with 3 different light-curing units and conditions; Group 1 (Bluephase, 1,200 mW/cm2, 20 seconds), Group 2 (VALO, 3,200 mW/cm2, 6 seconds), Group 3 (FlashMax P3, 4,000-6,000 mW/cm2, 3 seconds). Shear bond strength of the specimens were tested after bracket bonding for 5 minutes. The means of shear bond strength among groups were compared by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. ARI were tested by the Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). The means and standard deviations of SBS in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 21.80 ± 2.85, 21.04 ± 2.87 and 4.75 ± 2.82 MPa, respectively. Group 3 had significantly lowest mean SBS. Significant difference of ARI was found between Bluephase and VALO groups (p = .010). FlashMax P3 curing at 3 seconds generated significantly lowest mean SBS among 3 groups. The SBS generated by VALO curing at 6 seconds was not significantly different from Bluephase curing at 20 seconds. Therefore, VALO can be an option for orthodontic bracket bonding benefited in reducing clinician chairtime and patient discomfort.

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The Effect of Remineralizing Agents With/Without CO2 Laser Irradiation on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Enamel and its Shear Bond Strength to Orthodontic Brackets

Journal of lasers in medical sciences ◽

10.34172/jlms.2020.25 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 144-152

Author(s):

Hannaneh Ghadirian ◽

Allahyar Geramy ◽

Waleed Shallal ◽

Soolmaz Heidari ◽

Nooshin Noshiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Laser Irradiation ◽

Co2 Laser ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Orthodontic Brackets ◽

Beam Diameter ◽

Demineralized Enamel ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction: Remineralizing agents may be used for the treatment of white spot lesions (WSLs) prior to bracket bonding. However, some concerns exist regarding their possible interference with the etching and bonding process, negatively affecting the bond strength. This study aimed to assess the effect of two remineralizing agents with/without CO2 laser irradiation on the mechanical properties and shear bond strength (SBS) of demineralized enamel to the orthodontic bracket. Methods: This study evaluated 60 premolar teeth in 6 groups (n=10) as follows: (I) sound enamel, (II) demineralized enamel, (III) Nupro remineralizing agent (N), (IV) Nupro and CO2 laser (N/L), (V) Teethmate remineralizing agent (T), and (VI) Teethmate and CO2 laser (T/L). The remineralizing agents were applied to the enamel surfaces after their immersion in a demineralizing solution for 5 days. In groups IV and VI, the CO2 laser with a 10.6 μm wavelength, 10 ms pulse duration, a 50 Hz repetition rate, 0.3 mm beam diameter and 0.7 W power was irradiated after applying the remineralizing agents. Brackets were bonded to the enamel surfaces and SBS was measured by a universal testing machine. For the assessment of enamel microhardness, 20 sections of molar teeth were divided into 4 groups (n=5; N, N/L, T, T/L) and their microhardness was measured before demineralization, after demineralization and after remineralization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were carried out to assess the formation of hydroxyapatite. The atomic percentages of the C, O, P, Ca, Na, Si, F and Ca/P ratio were determined by EDS analysis. Results: The SBS significantly decreased in group II (P<0.001). There was no significant difference among the groups I, III, IV, V and VI (P<0.05). This finding was similar to the microhardness results, which showed an increase in microhardness after remineralization (P<0.05), with no difference among the remineralizing agents. The Ca/P ratio was the highest in the Nupro group and the lowest in the demineralized group. Conclusion: Remineralizing agents can significantly improve the microhardness and structural properties of demineralized enamel to a level similar to that of sound enamel with no adverse effect on SBS to orthodontic brackets.

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SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF BISPHENOL A-GLYCIDYL METHACRYLATE ADHESIVE RESIN AFTER APPLICATION OF EUCALYPTUS OIL BEFORE DEBONDING METALLIC ORTHODONTIC BRACKET

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s1.16905 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 187-189

Author(s):

ARISTY RIYANTI ◽

ERWIN SIREGAR ◽

HARU SETYO ANGGANI

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Control Group ◽

Adhesive Resin ◽

Orthodontic Bracket ◽

Eucalyptus Oil ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 2

Objective: Debonding of orthodontic braces could lead to enamel fracture and moderate discomfort for the patients. This study was conducted toexamine whether eucalyptus oil and eucalyptol were effective in decreasing the shear bond strength and facilitate the debonding of metallic bracketsbonded with bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA) adhesive resin.Methods: Thirty upper premolar teeth were randomly divided into the following three groups: Group 1 (75% eucalyptus oil), Group 2 (100%eucalyptol), and Group 3 (aquades; controls). Gemini brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia) were bonded to the teeth using Transbond XT (3M Unitek,Monrovia). The areas around the brackets were lubricated with 75% eucalyptus oil, 100% eucalyptol, and aquades for 10 min before debonding.Results: A significant difference in shear bond strength between Group 2 and the control group was noted (p<0.05).Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that eucalyptol can decrease the shear bond strength of bis-GMA-based adhesive resin after 10 minof application.

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Effect of Lactic Acid Etching on Bonding Effectiveness of Orthodontic Bracket after Water Storage

ISRN Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2014/719608 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fahad F. Alsulaimani

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Water Storage ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Orthodontic Brackets ◽

Orthodontic Bracket ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Objective. To determine the effect of lactic acid at various concentrations on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with the resin adhesive system before and after water storage. Materials and Methods. Hundred extracted human premolars were divided into 5 treatment groups and etched for 30 seconds with one of the following agents: lactic acid solution with (A) 10%, (B) 20%, (C) 30%, and (D) 50%; group E, 37% phosphoric acid (control). Metal brackets were bonded using a Transbond XT. Bonding effectiveness was assessed by shear bond strength after 24 hours and 6 months of water storage at 37°C. The data were analyzed with 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test (α=.001). Results. Lactic acid concentration and water storage resulted in significant differences for brackets bond strength (P<.001). 20% lactic acid had significantly higher mean bond strength values (SD) for all conditions: 24 hours [12.2 (.7) MPa] and 6 months [10.1 (.6) MPa] of water storage. 37% phosphoric acid had intermediate bond strength values for all conditions: 24 hours [8.2 (.6) MPa] and 6 months [6.2 (.6) MPa] of water storage. Also, there were differences in bond strength between storage time, with a reduction in values from 24 hours and 6 months for all experimental groups (P<.001). Conclusion. Lactic acid could be used in place of phosphoric acid as an enamel etchant for bonding of orthodontic brackets.

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The Performance of Universal Adhesives on Orthodontic Bracket Bonding

European Journal of General Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1732778 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muhittin Ugurlu ◽

Muhammed Hilmi Buyukcavus

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Oral Care ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Orthodontic Brackets ◽

Chi Square ◽

Orthodontic Bracket ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Universal Adhesives ◽

Adhesive Application

Abstract Objective This article aimed to assess the effects of double application of universal adhesives on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Materials and Method Seventy-five extracted human premolars were used. The teeth were randomly assigned into five groups based on the adhesive procedure (n = 15). The universal adhesives Scotchbond Universal (3M Oral Care) and Prime&Bond Universal (Dentsply) were used (following manufacturer’s instructions and double application). Transbond XT Primer (3M Unitek) was employed as control. Following adhesive application, the brackets were bonded on the tooth surfaces. After storage in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C, the specimens were subjugated to the shear bond strength test under a universal testing machine (Autograph AGS-X; Shimadzu). Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference tests (p = 0.05). The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was determined using a stereomicroscope (S4E; Leica Microsystems). Data of ARI scores were submitted to Pearson’s chi-square test. Results The highest shear bond strengths were acquired with Scotchbond Universal (p < 0.05). The double application of Scotchbond Universal did not impact the shear bond strength. The lowest shear bond strength was found in Prime&Bond Universal (p < 0.05). The double application of Prime&Bond Universal increased the shear bond strength (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in ARI scores among the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion The universal adhesives may be an alternative for the bonding of orthodontic brackets. The double application of universal adhesives might improve the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets depending on the material.

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Comparative Evaluation of Immediate Bond Strength to Bleached Enamel Following Application of Various Antioxidant Solutions

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1672088 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 05 (02) ◽

pp. 084-089

Author(s):

Alisha Dhingra ◽

Ashu Gupta ◽

Anshu Minocha ◽

Nayantara Sen

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Grape Seed Extract ◽

Grape Seed ◽

Seed Extract ◽

The Other ◽

Sodium Ascorbate ◽

Group V ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the reversal of shear bond strength of composite to bleached enamel immediately after bleaching followed by application of various antioxidant solutions. Material and Methods: Seventy central incisors were divided into seven groups. Groups I and II served as unbleached and bleached controls respectively. Groups III, IV, V, VI and VII served as the experimental groups and were subjected to 37.5% hydrogen peroxide bleaching followed by 10 min application of 10% sodium ascorbate, 25% alpha-tocopherol, 6.5% grape seed extract, 5% lycopene and 5% green tea extract respectively. Following composite bonding, shear bond strength was determined and the results were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test. Results: The bond strength values for Group I (positive control) were maximum and significantly different than all the other groups except Grape seed extract group (Group V). When compared to Group II (bleached control), all the groups showed significantly higher bond strength. Significant difference in the bond strength values were seen between Group III (10% sodium ascorbate) and Group V. Also values for Group V were significantly different from Group VI (5% lycopene). All the other values showed insignificantly different results. Conclusion: All the antioxidant solutions improved the shear bond strength values after bleaching but only Grape seed extract application reversed the values to the non bleached levels. Lycopene was least effective. Other antioxidants showed comparable results.

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Anti-Microbial and Remineralizing Properties of Self-Adhesive Orthodontic Resin Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14133550 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3550

Author(s):

Aerin Choi ◽

Kyung-Hyeon Yoo ◽

Seog-Young Yoon ◽

Bong-Soo Park ◽

In-Ryoung Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mesoporous Bioactive Glass

Self-adhesive resins (SARs) contain adhesives, which simplify the procedures of resin application, and primers, which provide sufficient bonding ability. In this study, mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBN) were added to a SAR to easily improve the physical properties and remineralization ability. The experimental resins comprised 1%, 3%, and 5% MBN mixed in Ortho Connect Flow (GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan). As the MBN content in the SAR increased, the microhardness increased, and a statistically significant difference was observed between the cases of 1% and 5% MBN addition. Shear bond strength increased for 1% and 3% MBN samples and decreased for 5% MBN. The addition of MBN indicated a statistically significant antibacterial effect on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The anti-demineralization experiment showed that the remineralization length increased with the MBN content of the sample. Through the above results, we found that SAR containing MBN has antibacterial and remineralization effects. Thus, by adding MBN to the SAR, we investigated the possibility of orthodontic resin development, wherein the strength is enhanced and the drawbacks of the conventional SAR addressed.

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Shear bond strength of novel calcium aluminate-based cement (EndoBinder) to root dentine

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.143632 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 08 (04) ◽

pp. 498-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia ◽

Hebert Luis Rossetto ◽

Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Calcium Aluminate ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Molar Teeth

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the shear bond strength of a novel calcium aluminate-based cement, EndoBinder (EB), to dentine in comparison with Grey and White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). Materials and Methods: Root canal hemi-sections obtained from 30 extracted molar teeth were embedded in self-polymerized acrylic resin and were grounded wet in order to obtain a flat dentine surface. Next, the roots were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 10), according to the cement used, as follows: EB: EndoBinder; WMTA: White MTA and GMTA: Grey MTA. The shear bond strength test was performed using a Universal Testing Machine (0.5 mm/min) and the data were submitted to statistical analysis (1-way ANOVA and Tukey tests, P < 0.05). Results: EB presented the highest shear bond strength values; however, there was no statistically significant difference in comparison with GMTA (P > 0.05). WMTA presented the lowest mean values, which were significant in comparison with EB (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The novel calcium aluminate-based cement presented higher shear bond strength than WMTA, and should be considered as a promising alternative in endodontic therapy.

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