Ex situ initial seedling development of Hymenaea courbaril L. (Fabaceae): a crucial phase to preserve the species

ABSTRACT Hymenaea courbaril L. is an important Neotropical species, with low population density, restricted to fragments of semideciduous forests, with low mortality and low recruitment. Thus, some questions guided the goals of this paper including the capacity of stored seeds to form normal seedlings. Seeds collected from ten mother plants in the Brazilian Cerrado region and stored during three years were mechanically scarified, sown and analyzed during 43 days. Intraspecific variability was observed for water content, seed biometry, and emergence process. The seedling emergence varied from 19 to 92%. Nine phases of development were observed. About 91% of the seedlings reached their complete autotrophy and this represents the success of the sample; the rest of the seedlings presented atypical morphology. This means that it is possible to store the seeds with the purpose of obtaining seedlings for ex situ cultivation. The great consumption of the cotyledon reserves occurred in the period that marks the alignment of cotyledons with hypocotyls (phases 1 to 4). For this species, if the seeds are scarified, the first 40 days after sowing are essential for the seedling establishment. After this time, the cotyledons fall signing a good point of reference for restoration projects because it indicates that the young plant is autonomous.

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Structure of the phenotypic variability of fruit and seeds of Dipteryx alata vogel (Fabaceae)

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452020003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Elias Emanuel Silva Mota ◽

Carolina Ribeiro Diniz Boaventura Novaes ◽

Luciana Borges e Silva ◽

Lázaro José Chaves

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Brazilian Cerrado ◽

Phenotypic Differentiation ◽

Fruit Species ◽

Mother Plants ◽

Priority Species ◽

Dipteryx Alata

Abstract Dipteryx alata Vogel (“baru tree”) is a fruit species native to the Brazilian Cerrado and presents a multiplicity of uses, constituting a priority species for domestication and cultivation studies. The objective of the current study was to characterize fruit and seeds of D. alata from several regions of the Brazilian Cerrado biome to support strategies for ex situ conservation and utilization of the genetic variability of the species. Fruits were collected from 25 subpopulations, sampling six mother plants per subpopulation, with collection of at least 25 fruits per plant. The physical trait data of the fruits and seeds were submitted to descriptive analysis, analysis of variance and correlation among traits. There was significant variation for all traits among subpopulations and among individuals within subpopulations. The highest proportion of variability was observed among individuals within subpopulations. The phenotypic differentiation among subpopulations was higher for fruit traits compared to seed traits. The correlation analysis showed the existence of significant correlations for most of the traits pairs in the different hierarchical levels. It was concluded that D. alata presents phenotypic variability to support germplasm collection programsand formation of base populations for breeding programs, recommending the sampling in several locations to ensure an adequate representativeness of the phenotypic variability.

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A new species of Hylesia Hübner (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae, Hemileucinae) from Brazilian Cerrado

Revista Brasileira de Zoologia ◽

10.1590/s0101-81752007000100025 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 199-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amabílio J. A. de Camargo

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Morphological Similarity ◽

Brazilian Cerrado ◽

Neotropical Species ◽

A New Species

The genus Hylesia Hübner, [1820] has about 110 exclusively neotropical species, widely distributed from Mexico to Argentina. Here a new species (Hylesia pseudomoronensis sp. nov.) from Brazil is described. The specific name is allusive to the morphological similarity with H. moronensis Lemaire, 1976.

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Seedling emergence after maternal bentazon application to 10 cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) populations

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps94-157 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 863-866 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jianhua Zhang ◽

Paul B. Cavers

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Key Words ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Application Rate ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Cultivated Land ◽

Mother Plants ◽

Viable Seeds ◽

Seedling Characteristics

Maternal environments have been reported to affect various seed and seedling characteristics in many plants. In this study, we examined the effect of bentazon application to the mother plants on seed germination and seedling emergence of 10 cocklebur populations from wetlands or cultivated land. The mortality or longevity of fully developed seeds was affected significantly by bentazon application. Rate of seedling emergence showed little response, whereas percentage seedling emergence and percentage viable seeds in the soil were reduced by bentazon treatment to the mother plants. Populations from wetlands produced seedlings earlier than those from cultivated land. Key words: Seedling emergence, seed bank, herbicide, bentazon, cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium

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Desiccation, dormancy, and storage of Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Juglandaceae) seeds: application in Hyrcanian and Colchian forest conservation

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2018-0519 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 24-31

Author(s):

Mikołaj Krzysztof Wawrzyniak ◽

Anna Katarzyna Jasińska ◽

Paweł Chmielarz ◽

Gregor Kozlowski

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Desiccation Tolerance ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Population Decline ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Seed Moisture Content

Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Poir.) Spach (Juglandaceae) is a model relict tree species native to South Caucasus and is a typical element of threatened riparian forests. Intensive land transformations, which are common in Transcaucasia, have resulted in loss of natural habitat and population decline of the species. One of the methods of ex situ conservation is seed banking. Cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen (−196 °C) is of particular interest, as it allows safe preservation of valuable plant genetic resources. However, the feasibility of seed cryopreservation is related to the desiccation tolerance and intrinsic composition of the seeds. In this study, we examined the physiological traits of Pterocarya fraxinifolia seeds, for which desiccation tolerance is unknown or controversial, and their feasibility for cryopreservation. Additionally, we tested stratification methods for dormancy assessment. Results showed that seeds survived desiccation to a moisture content of 2.8% with a germination rate of 64%. Stratification at a temperature of 3 °C for 8 weeks proved to be both fast and effective. Seed moisture content ranging from 2.8% to 18.1% was determined to be safe for cryopreservation. There was no difference in seedling emergence in seeds stored for 1 year regardless of the storage temperature (−3, −18, or −196 °C). Based on our results, Pterocarya fraxinifolia seeds can be classified as orthodox. This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of cryopreserving Pterocarya fraxinifolia seeds.

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Growth and Wood Quality Traits in a Dipteryx alata Vog. (Fabaceae) Progeny and Provenance Test

Forest Science ◽

10.1093/forsci/fxab010 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

T S Santos ◽

K Martins ◽

A V Aguiar ◽

M J Baptista Filho ◽

J R Menucelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Brazilian Cerrado ◽

Stem Form ◽

Provenance Test ◽

Multiple Uses ◽

Dipteryx Alata

Abstract Dipteryx alata Vog. presents an excellent economic potential because of its multiple uses. However, it is currently threatened as a result of the degradation of the biome in which it occurs, the Brazilian Cerrado. Therefore, our goal was to provide subsidies for future breeding and ex situ conservation programs of D. alata. We evaluated genetic variation in growth, stem form, and wood quality traits in a progeny and provenance test planted in a random complete block design. The traits were measured in 37-year-old trees. Significant effect for provenance was obtained for all evaluated traits except bifurcation, but progeny effect was significant only for acoustic wave velocity (AWV). The estimates of individual narrow sense heritability were of low magnitude for all traits except AWV (0.24 ± 0.09). Eleven groups were formed based on Mahalanobis genetic distance with 83.1% of progenies allocated to one group. Dipteryx alata has genetic variability between progenies and provenances that can be explored to obtain genetic gain, especially for AWV. We also recommend the use of multi-trait selection index to obtain gains for both growth and wood quality traits. Controlled pollination between individuals from different progeny groups would increase variability in next generation breeding. Study Implications Dipteryx alata is a tree species that presents multiple uses and is threatened as a result of the devastation of the Brazilian Cerrado. We evaluated genetic variation in growth, stem form, and wood quality traits in a progeny and provenance test planted 37 years ago. We found genetic differences among progenies only for the wood quality trait, which can be explored to obtain genetic gains. The test is better suited for ex situ conservation, and the infusion of novel sources of germplasm is necessary for future generations of breeding.

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Seed heteromorphy influences seed longevity in Aegilops

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s096025851800034x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 277-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Filippo Guzzon ◽

Simone Orsenigo ◽

Maraeva Gianella ◽

Jonas V. Müller ◽

Ilda Vagge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Seed Longevity ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Bet Hedging ◽

Hedging Strategy ◽

Seed Conservation ◽

Germination Phenology

AbstractThe genus Aegilops belongs to the secondary gene pool of wheat and has great importance for wheat cultivar improvement. As a genus with only annual species, regeneration from seeds in Aegilops is crucial. In several species in Aegilops, spikes produce different seed morphs, both in size and germination patterns. However, little is known about the ecology of seed germination, nor about the seed longevity in this genus. Here we investigated the germination phenology of Ae. neglecta under laboratory and field conditions and assessed longevity of different seed morphs of five additional Aegilops species using controlled ageing tests. Large seeds were short-lived and germinated faster than small seeds in most of the species. Field experiments with Ae. neglecta showed that large seeds of the dimorphic pair germinated 3 months after dispersal in contrast to 14 months for smaller seeds. Differences in longevity were detected not only in dimorphic seed pairs, but also among seeds from different positions on the spike. Our results indicate that different longevities in seed morphs of Aegilops may reflect a different soil seed bank persistence, with smaller seeds able to maintain a higher viability after dispersal than larger ones, thereby spreading seedling emergence over two years. Differences of seed germination and longevities between seed morphs in Aegilops may have important implications for ex situ seed conservation and reinforce the hypothesis of a bet-hedging strategy in the germination ecology of this genus.

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Vegetative propagation and ex-situ conservation of Acantholimon androsaceum and Limonium chersonesum, two promising local endemics of Crete (Greece) available for floricultural and pharmaceutical sustainable exploitation

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha49112261 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 12261

Author(s):

Katerina GRIGORIADOU ◽

Nikos KRIGAS ◽

Virginia SARROPOULOU ◽

Eleni MALOUPA ◽

Georgios TSOKTOURIDIS

Keyword(s):

Endemic Species ◽

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Clonal Plants ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Mother Plants ◽

Sexual Propagation ◽

Local Endemic ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

The Rich

The continual search for new attractive ornamentals and innovative natural medicinal products is the main focus of floricultural and pharmaceutical industries worldwide. Aiming to introduce two new Cretan endemic species in the commercial trade, Acantholimon androsaceum (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. and Limonium chersonesum Erben & Brullo (Plumbaginaceae) have been selected in the current study. These were derived from a total of 223 local endemic species and subspecies of Crete, which constitute an exceptional wild treasure of the Mediterranean flora. Prior to any commercialization, efficient massive propagation protocols are required. Although sexual propagation using seeds collected from the wild was unsuccessful for these two taxa, the results of vegetative propagation experiments were satisfactory. Wild plant material was used for cuttings in order to develop a reasonable and homogenous number of stock mother plants for propagation trials. As a result of experiments conducted in the current research, two vegetative propagation protocols were developed, which could be used commercially for the massive production of elite clonal plants of A. androsaceum and L. chersonesum. These protocols provide 71.43% successful rooting for A. androsaceum within 40 days, using 2000 ppm IBA, and 80.95% rooting for L. chersonesum within 30 days, using 1000 ppm IBA. This study is part of a strategy and research methodology aiming at the selection of new, rare and endemic native industrial crops for the ornamental and pharmaceutical sector, exploiting sustainably the rich phytogenetic resources of Crete.

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Phases of Development to Flowering in Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) under Various Inductive Photoperiods

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.6.999 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 999-1002 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhongchun Wang ◽

Mary C. Acock ◽

Basil Acock

Keyword(s):

Floral Development ◽

Floral Induction ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Papaver Somniferum ◽

Opium Poppy ◽

Final Phase ◽

Juvenile Phase ◽

Phases Of Development ◽

Growth Chambers ◽

Photoperiod Sensitive

Four phases of development from emergence to anthesis of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) are recognized based on transfer studies using 9- and 16-hour photoperiods: a photoperiod-insensitive juvenile phase (JP), a photoperiod-sensitive inductive phase (PSP), a photoperiod-sensitive postinductive phase (PSPP), and a photoperiod-insensitive postinductive phase (PIPP). The objective of this experiment was to determine how the durations of the photoperiod-sensitive phases changed when the plants were exposed to different photoperiods. Plants were grown in lamplit growth chambers with a 12-hour thermoperiod of 25 °C day/20 °C night. They were transferred from a noninductive 9-h to an inductive 12-, 14-, or 16-hour photoperiod or vice versa at 1- to 4-day intervals to determine the durations of the four phases. The average number of days to flower by plants grown continuously in a 16-hour photoperiod was 32 days. Days to flower were delayed by 10 days in the 14-hour photoperiod and by 36 days in the 12-hour photoperiod. The durations of the four phases were not equally affected by photoperiod. The first three phases were photoperiod-dependent, the photoperiod effect being nonlinear. The durations of JP, PSP, and PSPP were 3, 5, and 17 days in the 16-hour; 4, 8, and 23 days in the 14-hour; and 7, 14, and 40 days in the 12-hour photoperiod, respectively. The final phase was not sensitive to photoperiod (i.e., PIPP lasted 7 days regardless of photoperiod). Based on these results, we conclude that the so-called juvenile phase cannot be regarded as photoperiod-insensitive. To model the development of opium poppy under field conditions, a knowledge of daylength as early as seedling emergence may be necessary. The number of inductive cycles needed for floral induction and the rate of floral development largely depend on the photoperiod experienced.

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Intraspecific variability of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L. s.l.) in respect of developmental and chemical traits

Herba Polonica ◽

10.1515/hepo-2015-0021 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 37-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Katarzyna Bączek ◽

Olga Kosakowska ◽

Jarosław L. Przybył ◽

Paula Kuźma ◽

Marcin Ejdys ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Intraspecific Variability ◽

Total Content ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Raw Material ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Chemical Traits ◽

Developmental Traits ◽

Developmental Features

SummaryThe aim of study was to determine the variability of 20 yarrow populations introduced intoex situconditions, in respect of selected developmental traits as well as content and composition of biologically active compounds (essential oil, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic acids). Field experiment was established at the Experimental Station, Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants. Morphological observations and harvest of raw material were carried out in the second year of plant vegetation, at the beginning of blooming. Investigated populations differed significantly in respect of developmental features as well as content and composition of identified compounds. The highest differences among the populations concerned fresh mass of herb (0.46–1.79 kg per plant), number of shoots per m2(64–243) and length of the longest internode (42–158 mm). Total content of essential oil ranged from 0.10 to 1.00%. Among 24 identified compoundsβ-pinene, 1,8-cineole, terpinene-4-ol, nerolidol and chamazulene were the dominants. According to content of these compounds, three chemotypes were distinguished within investigated populations, i.e.:β-pinene,β-pinene + chamazulene and 1,8-cineole type. Content of tannins ranged from 0.38 to 0.90%. Four flavonoids were identified and apigenin 7-glucoside was present in the highest amount (from 9.87 to 475.21 mg × 100 g−1), while the highest differences between populations concerned the content of luteolin-3',7-diglucoside. Within phenolic acids, three compounds (caffeic acid derivatives) were identified. Rosmarinic acid was the dominant one (75.64–660.54 mg × 100 g−1), while cichoric acid differentiated investigated populations the most.

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Asexual Propagation of Four Medicinal Greek Endemic Plants of Lamiaceae Family With Conservation Priority From The Collection of The Balkan Botanic Garden of Kroussia, N. Greece

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v10i0.8039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 1611-1622 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Virginia Sarropoulou ◽

Eleni Maloupa

Keyword(s):

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Endemic Plants ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Conservation Priority ◽

Botanic Garden ◽

Threatened Plants ◽

Asexual Propagation ◽

Mother Plants ◽

Suitable Treatment

Conservation of endemic rare-threatened plants and sustainable exploitation of biodiversity with emphasis on medicinal-aromatic plants and plants with horticultural/ornamental value can be achieved through ex situ conservation activities. For this purpose, propagation experiments with cuttings were performed on four local Ionian endemic species with conservation priority, Stachys ionica Halácsy, Teucrium halascyanum, Thymus holosericeus Celak and Thymus plasonii Adamovic (all Lamiaceae). For propagation, softwood tip cuttings (3-5 cm) were cut at early autumn from mother plants collected from the wild and maintained in open-air mother plantations. For experimentation, the base of cuttings was immersed for 1 min in solutions of four concentrations of IBA (0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 ppm). Cuttings were placed on a peat:perlite (1:3) substrate in the bench of greenhouse heated mist system. Most suitable treatment for T. halascyanum (3 ½ weeks) proved to be 1000 ppm IBA (32.13 roots 1.72 cm long, 100% rooting). Accordingly, 2000 ppm IBA gave 100% rooting for both S. ionica (28.5 roots 1.56 cm long,) (3 weeks) and Th. holosericeus (4.4 roots 1.76 cm long) (7 weeks). T. plasonii cuttings treated with 2000 ppm IBA gave 85.71% optimum rooting with 8.67 roots 1.78 cm long.

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