Effect of cadmium stress on seed germination, plant growth and hydrolyzing enzymes activities in mungbean seedlings

Abstract: Both protein and starch hydrolysis contribute to the effective mobilization of seed reserves to trigger seed germination. We studied the activities of hydrolytic enzymes in germinating seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata) exposed to cadmium stress at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg.L-1. Exposure to Cd stress decreased the seed germination rate and early seedling growth traits, including root and shoot length and plant fresh and dry biomass compared to control. The adverse effects of Cd were more prominent in terms of shoot length than root length. Seedling α-amylase and protease activities exhibited significant reductions with increasing Cd dose. We also recorded Cd-induced reduction in total soluble proteins and sugars while the concentration of free amino acids exhibited an increase. Above all, a decrease in the hydrolysis process of reserve carbohydrates, proteins and impaired reserve translocation contributed to the inhibition of seedlings’ germination and early growth traits.

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Bioregulators on seed germination and seedling growth of sweet basil

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v11i0.3324 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. e3324

Author(s):

Larissa Santos Castro ◽

Danúbia Aparecida Costa Nobre ◽

Daniel Andrés Villegas Hurtado ◽

Willian Rodrigues Macedo

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Root And Shoot Length ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants have multiple uses, ranging from spice to cosmetic purpose, besides being a source of essential oil and aromatic. These plants were commonly propagated by seed, however, few agrotechnologies are used to enhance the seed germination and initial growth in this crop. For this reason, our research aimed to evaluate aspects of seed germination of Ocimum basilicum L. cv. Limoncino, subjected to different bioregulators applied via substrate imbibition. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized design, with four treatments, as follows: T1: control (distilled water), T2: T13 a solution of a product formulated based on indolbutyric acid + naphthalene acetic acid + gibberellic acid (0.2 mL L-1, Liko Química), T3: gibberellic acid (0.5 mM L-1, progibb-400®) and T4: brassinosteroids (0.1 mM L-1). We evaluated: germination rate, germination speed index (GSI), first count, root and shoot length and chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoids. The bioregulators did not influence germination, first count, GSI and photosynthetic leaf pigment, but application of gibberellic acid and brassinosteroids improve the shoot and root length, respectively. The gibberellic acid and brassinosteroids are promising bioregulators for stimulating initial basil growth.

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Comparison of Seed Germination, Root and Shoot Length of Maize and Wheat Crops with Compost Leachate and Commercial Fertilizer

BioScientific Review ◽

10.32350/bsr.0103.03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 01 (03) ◽

pp. 15-22

Author(s):

Ayesha Ameen ◽

Omer Mushtaq

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Commercial Fertilizer ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Important Concern ◽

Root And Shoot Length ◽

Compost Leachate ◽

Experimental Trials

The increasing public concern about municipal solid waste (MSW) due to its impact on health and environment induces people to think about more ways of recycling this waste. These days, people strive to find more appropriate methods and processes to treat MSW for its proper management and disposal. Composting process is the most appropriate method of recycling used to get rid of organic fractions. The most important concern is the production of compost leachate. This study was designed to check the potential of compost leachate as a chemical fertilizer and to compare it with commercial fertilizer. Different dilutions of compost leachate and commercial fertilizer were used to check their effects on seed germination of wheat and maize crop and the initial root and shoot length measurement of these crops. Germination index, germination inhibition and germination rate were also evaluated in different experimental trials with variation in leachate dilution. The results showed best root, shoot length and seed germination at low quantity of leachate sample. The obtained results showed that leachate has better fertilizer qualities as compared to commercial fertilizer. Moreover, it is more economical and environment friendly. It also helps in maintaining the structure of soil and conditions the soil.

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Drought Stresses on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Maize and Sorghum

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n2p310 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 310 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mariana S. Queiroz ◽

Carlos E. S. Oliveira ◽

Fábio Steiner ◽

Alan M. Zuffo ◽

Tiago Zoz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Osmotic Potential ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Early Growth ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Root And Shoot Length ◽

Early Seedling ◽

Effects Of Drought

Seeds of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] were submitted to different osmotic potential levels induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) with the objective of evaluating the effects of drought stress on seed germination and early seedling growth. Seeds were arranged in paper rolls and soaked in PEG solutions prepared with osmotic potentials 0.0 (control), -0.2, -0.4, and -0.8 MPa and kept into a seed germinator, at 25 °C for 18 days. A completely randomized design in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme with four replications of 50 seeds each was used. The results showed that by increasing of the osmotic potential level, germinated seed number, germination rate index, root and shoot length, shoot and root dry matter, and seedling vigor index (SVI) decreased, while mean germination time (MGT) and root: shoot ratio (RSR) increased in both crops. Additionally, the maize was more susceptible than sorghum to drought stress, with germination response declining more rapidly with decreasing osmotic potential. Sorghum crop tolerates water stress of up to -0.2 MPa, without reducing germination of the seeds; however, the growth of shoots and roots are inhibited. Drought stress limits the process of seed germination and early growth of maize seedlings.

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Response of Bioinoculants to Early Seedling Growth in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus, L.)

Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources ◽

10.33002/nr2581.6853.01025 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 48-54

Author(s):

Shyam Sundar Lakshman ◽

M.K. Ghodke

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Early Seedling Growth ◽

Root And Shoot Length ◽

Early Seedling ◽

Secondary Roots ◽

Better Than

The present study was carried out to evaluate the response of different bioagents/biofungicides and growth regulators on seed germination and early seedling growth of sunflower. Eleven (11) treatments were established for the present investigation. Higher germination was observed in T5, T6/T7, T10 and T11 treatments in contrast to other treatments. Treatments T7, T3 and T11 were found significantly better than all other treatments. Generally, root and shoot length increased with the advancement of growth stages. T4 showed higher number of secondary roots in comparison to all other treatments. The shoot length and root length in all the cases (irrespective of the cultivars: DRSH-1, DRSF-108, LSFH-171) were highly influenced by the bioinoculants and chemicals; however, influence of bioagents was found better than the chemicals. Similarly, the seedling weight in 96 hours after sowing and 144 hours after sowing in all the cultivars was reported higher than when the seeds were treated with bioinoculants, which reflected the efficacy of the bioinoculants compared to others.

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The Effect of Cd, Zn and Fe on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Wheat and Bean

Ekológia (Bratislava) ◽

10.1515/eko-2016-0017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 213-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Taoufik El Rasafi ◽

Mohamed Nouri ◽

Said Bouda ◽

Abdelmajid Haddioui

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Metal Toxicity ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Early Seedling Growth ◽

Root And Shoot Length ◽

Early Seedling ◽

Tolerance Indices

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of metals on wheat and bean species. The method uses seed germination and early seedling growth of these plants in the presence of various levels (10, 50, 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/L) of Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn). The inhibition caused by these metals was depending on the concentration used, the metal itself and the plant species. The species had reduced seed germination, root and shoot lengths, tolerance index and percentphyto-toxicity with increasing concentrations of metals. Cadmium was determined to be the most inhibitory metal on these parameters. This metal affected significantly the germination, root and shoot length of the species tested, as well as the tolerance index and percentphytotoxicity starting from 50 mg Cd/l. Under the Iron stress, in general, the inhibition of germination and root length of wheat was reduced from 500 mg Fe/l. The results showed also that the inhibitory effect of increase of Zn levels was seen in root, shoot and tolerance indices. The findings also revealed that the metal toxicity was as follow: Cd > Fe > Zn. Regarding species, the results showed that bean seemed to be more tolerant to the increase of the three metals than wheat.

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Yagya with Gayatri Mantra results in higher seed germination and seedling growth of Tritieum aestivm (wheat)

Interdisciplinary Journal of Yagya Research ◽

10.36018/ijyr.v2i1.17 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 12-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ekta Chandel

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Systematic Research ◽

Root And Shoot Length ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

Coefficient Of Velocity ◽

And Control ◽

Germinated Seeds

To investigate the effect of yagya with Gayetri mantra on the seed germination and seedling growth of Tritieum aestivm, systematic research has been conducted on yagya in which effect of yagya fumes on seed germination has been observed. It has been reported that the germination rate index is 85.08% and 48.15% respectively in seeds that are kept in presence of yagya fumes and control ( in absence of yagya fumes) respectively and coefficient of velocity of germination is 77.021% and 36.076% respectively in seeds kept in presence of yagya fumes and control. While mean germination time has been reported to be 1.29 days and 2.77 days respectively in seeds which were placed in presence of yagya fumes and control. The germinated seeds were observed for seedling development and it has been found that the growth of root length and shoot length were 11.875 cm and 11.762 cm respectively in the germinated seeds which were kept in presence of yagya fumes while the growth of root and shoot length were 8.352 cm and 7.904 cm respectively in the germinated seeds that kept in absence of yagya fumes.

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Raw and Fermented Alfalfa Brown Juice Induces Changes in the Germination and Development of French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.) Plants

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1076

Author(s):

Döme Barna ◽

Szilvia Kisvarga ◽

Szilvia Kovács ◽

Gábor Csatári ◽

Ibolya O. Tóth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Tap Water ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Tagetes Patula ◽

Root And Shoot Length ◽

Horticultural Practice ◽

Brown Juice

Organic and ecological farming programs require new and efficient biostimulants with beneficial properties for the sustainable and safe production of seedlings and ornamental plants. We examined the effect of non-fermented and lacto-fermented alfalfa brown juice (BJ) on seed germination and the vegetative, physiological, and anatomical properties of French marigold (Tagetes patula L. ‘Csemő’) plants which were treated with 0.5–10% fermented and non-fermented BJ, with tap water applied as a control. Applying 0.5% fermented BJ significantly improved seed germination compared with non-fermented BJ, resulting in an increase of 9.6, 11.2, 10.9, and 41.7% in the final germination percent, germination rate index, germination index, and vigor index, respectively. In addition, it increased the root and shoot length by 7.9 and 16.1%, respectively, root and shoot dry mass by 20 and 47.6%, respectively, and the number of leaves by 28.8% compared to the control. Furthermore, an increase in contents of water-soluble phenol, chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoid was reported upon the application of 0.5% fermented BJ, while peroxidase activity decreased. Our results prove that alfalfa BJ can be enrolled as a biostimulant as part of the circular farming approach which supports the sustainable horticultural practice.

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EFFECT OF FERTILIZER FACTORY WASTES ON SEED GERMINATION, PLANT GROWTH AND ROOT-KNOT DISEASE DEVELOPMENT IN TOMATO (Lycopersicon lycopersicum L.) PLANTS

World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology ◽

10.33865/wjb.002.02.0086 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

Gopal Dixit

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Research Paper ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Disease Development ◽

Root And Shoot Length ◽

Percent Germination ◽

Lycopersicon Lycopersicum

In the present research paper studies have been made on fertilizer factory wastes on percent seed germination, root and shoot length of plants and development of root-knot galls by Meloidogyne incognita in five cultivars of tomato. Though all the cultivars showed almost similar impact of fertilizer wastes on seed germination, plant growth and resistance for root-knot disease with little variation. Percent germination of seeds and plant growth was found decreased while the root-knot index was increased along with the increase in concentration of fertilizer wastes.

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Impacts of different salt source and concentrations on germination and seedling growth of many pumpkin seeds used as rootstoch in Iran

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1202235d ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 235-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmad Dadashpour

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Root Length ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Root Weight ◽

Pumpkin Seeds ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Shoot Weight

The effects of different salt sources (C Cl2, NaCl, and KCl) and concentrations, as measured by electrical conductivity, (0, "control", 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 dS m-1) on seed germination and seedling growth of ?Ferro?, ?Obez?, ?RS 841? and ?Strong Tosa F1? pumpkin varieties used as rootstock were investigated in this study. The results showed that germination rate, root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, dry root weight, fresh shoot weight and dry shoot weights tend to decrease when the electrical conductivity of the solution is higher than 5 dS m-1, independent of salt sources and in all of the varieties. Three days after seeding, a germination ratio of 5 % was obtained from RS 841 variety in all salt source and concentrations, while a germination ratio over 50 % was obtained in ?Strong Tosa? variety for the same conditions except CaCl2 salt source. Nevertheless, seeds germinated in medium having high concentrations of CaCl2 had lower germination rate and poor seedling growth, compared to media having the same concentrations of NaCl and KCl. It was concluded that all of the varieties studied were more sensitive to the concentrations prepared using CaCl2 than that of the KCl, and NaCl.

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Evaluation of Herbicidal Potential of Eucalyptus spp for Biological Control of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L.

Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences ◽

10.51984/jopas.v20i1.1305 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 186-191

Author(s):

Amal Ehtaiwesh

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽

Vigor Index ◽

Root And Shoot Length ◽

Germination Traits

Pots culture experiment was conducted to evaluates the herbicidal potential of Eucalyptus spp. (aceae) on growth of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. (Poaceae). Leaves extract with concentrations of 10, 20 and 40% of Eucalyptus plant were applied as soil and foliar application to seeds and seedlings of D. aegyptium species. The result indicated that the application of Eucalyptus leaves extracts caused significant reduction in germination traits, root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weights. Also, the result revealed that the Inhibitory effect of Eucalyptus extract on D. aegyptium L was more noticeable in plant growth traits than on germination traits. Results show that among the different concentration of Eucalyptus leave extracts used in this study, 40% was the most toxic and caused the significant effect on germination and growth traits of Dactyloctenium aegyptium. Application of 40% of Eucalyptus leave extract decreased germination percentage by 30%, mean daily germination by 45%, shoot length by 38%. root length by 54%, number of branches by 61%, number of leavesby59%, seedling fresh weights by 23%, seedling dry weights by 62% and seedling vigor index by 60%. The results of this study concluded that the use of Eucalyptus plants have the potential to be developed further as a bio-herbicide system to control weed such as Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. However, more researches are needed to evaluate the negative impact of Eucalyptus on crop growth.

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