Analysis of postural control and muscular performance in young and elderly women in different age groups

Background: The development of postural control across the primary school time horizon is a complex process, which entails biomechanics modifications, the maturation of cognitive ability and sensorimotor organization, and the emergence of anticipatory behaviour. Postural stability in upright stance has been thus object of a multiplicity of studies to better characterize postural control in this age span, with a variety of methodological approaches. The analysis of the Time-to-Boundary function (TtB), which specifies the spatiotemporal proximity of the Centre of Pressure (CoP) to the stability boundaries in the regulation of posture in upright stance, is among the techniques used to better characterize postural stability in adults, but, as of now, it has not yet been introduced in developmental studies. The aim of this study was thus to apply this technique to evaluate the development of postural control in a sample population of primary school children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, upright stance trials under eyes open and eyes closed were administered to 107 healthy children, divided into three age groups (41 for Seven Years' Group, Y7; 38 for Nine Years' Group, Y9; 28 for Eleven Years' Group, Y11). CoP data were recorded to calculate the Time-to-Boundary function (TtB), from which four spatio-temporal parameters were extracted: the mean value and the standard deviation of TtB minima (Mmin, Stdmin), and the mean value and the standard deviation of the temporal distance between two successive minima (Mdist, Stddist). Results: With eyes closed, Mmin and Stdmin significantly decreased and Mdist and Stddist increased for the Y7 group, at Y9 Mmin significantly decreased and Stddist increased, while no effect of vision resulted for Y11. Regarding age groups, Mmin was significantly higher for Y9 than Y7, and Stdmin for Y9 was higher than both Y7 and Y11; Mdist and Stddist resulted higher for Y11 than for Y9. Conclusion: From the combined results from the spatio-temporal TtB parameters, it is suggested that, at 9 years, children look more efficient in terms of exploring their limits of stability than at 7, and at 11 the observed TtB behaviour hints at the possibility that, at that age, they have almost completed the maturation of postural control in upright stance, also in terms of integration of the spatio-temporal information.

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Impact of Aging on Balance and Pattern of Muscle Activation in Elderly Women from Different Age Groups

International Journal of Gerontology ◽

10.1016/j.ijge.2012.11.013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 106-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Matheus M. Gomes ◽

Júlia G. Reis ◽

Thamires M. Neves ◽

Marina Petrella ◽

Daniela C.C. de Abreu

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activation ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Age Groups

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Knowledge about mammography and associated factors: population surveys with female adults and elderly

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/s1415-790x2013000400013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 930-942 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider ◽

Marui Weber Corseuil ◽

Antonio Fernando Boing ◽

Eleonora d'Orsi

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cancer Information ◽

Population Surveys ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Younger Age ◽

Adjusted Model

The purpose of this paper is to describe the knowledge about mammography and to identify associated factors in female adults and elderly. Data were obtained from two population surveys, one with female adults and another with elderly women from Florianópolis (SC) in 2009 - 2010. A descriptive analysis of the variables was carried out, the appropriate mean of responses about mammography was estimated and crude and adjusted Poisson regression was conducted to identify associated factors. Among adults, 23.1% answered all of the questions appropriately and the appropriate average responses was 7.2 (95%CI 7.1 - 7.3) in a total of 9. In the adjusted model, older age, higher education and income were associated with knowledge about mammography. For the elderly, 15.3% answered all questions appropriately and the average of appropriate responses was 6.4 (95%CI 5.2 - 6.5) and the factors associated with knowledge about mammography in the adjusted model were younger age groups, increased education and income, and identification of mammography as the main diagnostic method for breast cancer. Information about mammography can neither be transmitted in a clear way nor be easily understood; there are also demographic and socioeconomic differences concerning the knowledge about the exam.

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Avaliação da regulação sensorial do equilíbrio corporal e risco de queda de mulheres adultas e idosas fisicamente ativas

PAJAR - Pan-American Journal of Aging Research ◽

10.15448/2357-9641.2019.2.32683 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 32683

Author(s):

Marcelo De Maio Nascimento ◽

Hugo Daniel Gomez De Castro ◽

Mateus Alves Ramos

Keyword(s):

Elderly Women ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Detailed Examination ◽

Adult Women ◽

Risk Of Falling ◽

Balance Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physically Active ◽

Sensory Regulation

OBJECTIVE: To examine the sensory performance of static and dynamic balance regulation and the risk of falling in physically active adult and elderly women.METHOD: This is a non-probabilistic and intentional cross-sectional study. Thirty four women (51.90±15.84 years) enrolled in a gym attended. The population evaluated was stratified in age groups: 20-59 years (n=18) and 60 69 years (n=16). The gait was evaluated by the Time Up and Go (TUGs), Time Up and Go manual (TUGm), and Time Up and Go cognitive (TUGc), the balance by the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and Body Balance Test (TEC). RESULTS: Student’s t-test showed significant differences between age groups for comorbidities: hearing, vision, vertigo, labyrinthitis (p≤0.05). Comparatively, adult women showed better performance indices than older women in physical tests. According to the standards of the tests, there was no risk of falling for any group. However, regardless of age, a detailed examination of the TEC test showed a deficit in the sensory regulation of the visual, vestibular and somatosensory systems of the static and dynamic balance of fallers and non fallers (p≤0.05). The logistic regression analysis indicated the interoceptive regulation of the dynamic balance as a predictor of fall (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION: Deficits in the vestibular and somatosensory systems gradually potentiate the risk of falls in adult and elderly women, even if they remain physically active.

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Is Young Age a Limiting Factor When Training Balance? Effects of Child-Oriented Balance Training in Children and Adolescents

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2017-0061 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 176-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Michael Wälchli ◽

Jan Ruffieux, ◽

Audrey Mouthon ◽

Martin Keller ◽

Wolfgang Taube

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Postural Sway ◽

Age Groups ◽

Balance Training ◽

Young Age ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Training Outcomes ◽

Balance Exercises ◽

Explosive Force ◽

First Time

Purpose: Balance training (BT) studies in children reported conflicting results without evidence for improvements in children under the age of 8. The aim of this study therefore was to compare BT adaptations in children of different age groups to clarify whether young age prevents positive training outcomes. Methods: The effects of 5 weeks of child-oriented BT were tested in 77 (38 girls and 39 boys) participants of different age groups (6–7 y, 11–12 y, and 14–15 y) and compared with age-matched controls. Static and dynamic postural control, explosive strength, and jump height were assessed. Results: Across age groups, dynamic postural sway decreased (−18.7%; P = .012; ) and explosive force increased (8.6%; P = .040; ) in the intervention groups. Age-specific improvements were observed in dynamic postural sway, with greatest effects in the youngest group (−28.8%; P = .026; r = .61). Conclusion: In contrast to previous research using adult-oriented balance exercises, this study demonstrated for the first time that postural control can be trained from as early as the age of 6 years in children when using child-oriented BT. Therefore, the conception of the training seems to be essential in improving balance skills in young children.

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Whole-Body Vibration Does Not Seem to Affect Postural Control in Healthy Active Older Women

Rehabilitation Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2018/5798265 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

P. S. C. Gomes ◽

M. O. Campos ◽

L. F. Oliveira ◽

R. G. T. Mello ◽

I. A. Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Whole Body Vibration ◽

Whole Body ◽

Body Sway ◽

Control Group ◽

Physically Active ◽

Body Vibration ◽

Eyes Closed

Objective. This study investigated the acute residual effects induced by different frequencies of whole-body vibration (WBV) on postural control of elderly women. Design. Thirty physically active elderly women (67±5 years) were randomly divided into three groups: two experimental groups (high WBV frequency: 45 Hz and 4 mm amplitude, n=10; low WBV frequency: 30 Hz and 4 mm amplitude, n=10) and one control group (n=10), with no treatment. The participants were first subjected to stabilometry tests and were then guided through three sets of isometric partial squats for 60 s while the WBV stimulation was applied. The control group was subjected to the same conditions but without the WBV stimulation. The participants were again subjected to body balance tests immediately following the end of the intervention period and again at 8, 16, and 24 min. To measure body sway control, three 60 s tests were performed at 10 s intervals for each of the following experimental conditions: (1) eyes opened and (2) eyes closed. The following variables were investigated: the average velocity of the displacement of the centre of pressure in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral planes as well as in the elliptical area. Results. A 3 (condition) × 5 (test) two-way repeated-measures ANOVA did not identify significant differences in the stabilometric variables, regardless of group, time, or experimental condition. Conclusions. The effect of WBV, regardless of the stimulation frequency, did not have a significant effect immediately after or up to 24 minutes after vibration cessation, on the variables involved in the control of postural stability in physically active elderly women.

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SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION SUPERIMPOSED ON MUSCULAR VOLUNTARY CONTRACTION IN POSTURAL CONTROL IN ELDERLY WOMEN

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/00124278-200508000-00026 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 640-646

Author(s):

THIERRY PAILLARD ◽

CHRISTINE LAFONT ◽

JEAN MARC SOULAT ◽

RICHARD MONTOYA ◽

MARIE-CLAUDE COSTES-SALON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Postural Control ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Voluntary Contraction ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Effects

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The development of postural control in 6–17 old years healthy children. Part II Postural control evaluation – Limits of Stability Test (LOS) in 6–17 old year children

Otolaryngologia Polska ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.8594 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 18-24

Author(s):

Krystyna Orendorz-Frączkowska ◽

Marzena Kubacka

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Dynamic Equilibrium ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Standing Position ◽

The Body ◽

Stability Test ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Movement Velocity ◽

Limits Of Stability

Introduction: The ability to Reach quickly to changing external stimuli, to move the body quickly and precisely in any direction and to maintain the centre of gravity above the support base, all contribute to maintaining balance in dynamic conditions. The Limits of Stability Test (LOS) provides information on the state of dynamic equilibrium in a standing position. Aim : Assessment of dynamic postural control in developmental age. Material : 127 healthy children (65 girls and 62 boys) aged 6 – 17years. Methods: All children underwent LOS test (posturograph NeuroCom) with registration of reaction time (RT), movement velocity (MVL), directional control (DCL) , maximum excursion (MXE) and endpoint excursion (EPE). Results: At the age of 6-7 years, not fully developed jumping strategy and visual feedback mechanism in the control of movement were observed. All tested parameters were significantly worse in children aged 6 – 9 years. After this period, a significant improvement in TR and MVL was observed, with no significant changes in subsequent age groups while significant improvement in MXE up to 12 , EPE and DCL up to 13 years of age was noted. No significant gender differences were fund in the LOS test parameters. Conclusions: 1 The LOS test showed significantly lower dynamic balance development in children aged 6 – 7 years. 2 The study showed a significant improvement in all parameters of the LOS test up to 13 years of age, which supports the termination of the function at that time.

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Nordic Walking – A Versatile Physical Activity Fit for Everyone (A Literature Review)

LASE Journal of Sport Science ◽

10.1515/ljss-2016-0025 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 46-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Krzysztof Piech ◽

Jakub Piech ◽

Juris Grants

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Literature Review ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Competitive Sport ◽

Scientific Interest ◽

Nordic Walking ◽

Number Of Publications ◽

Pole Walking

Abstract The topic of Nordic walking shows the main points of scientific interest concerning form of physical exercise. Existing research mainly focuses on presenting it as beneficial for the elderly. The authors of the topic are presenting the advantages of pole walking for distinctive age groups. There are a number of publications concerning elderly women specifically. Nordic walking is also an object of interest in biomechanical studies. There is an apparent shortage of publications on the utility of this kind of physical activity for children and the young. This seems to be a frequent shortcoming of the research methodology, as it is difficult to deduce whether the study is based on the correct Nordic walking technique or rather on walking with poles as a bracing device. At the same time there is no data concerning Nordic walking as a competitive sport which has been developing dynamically.

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