scholarly journals Influence of antibiotics on embryogenic tissue and Agrobacterium tumefaciens suppression in soybean genetic transformation

Bragantia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Wiebke ◽  
Fabricio Ferreira ◽  
Giancarlo Pasquali ◽  
Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettini ◽  
Annette Droste
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Embryogenic Tissues

The influence of different antibiotic treatments in soybean genetic transformation was evaluated. First, an assay was performed to verify how different antibiotic treatments affect soybean embryogenic tissues. The effect of carbenicillin at 500 mg L-1 was genotype-dependent. This antibiotic did not affect embryo survival of cv. IAS5, but a three-fold increase of embryo proliferation was observed for cv. Bragg, when compared to the control. On the other hand, cefotaxime at 350 and 500 mg L-1 caused death of embryogenic tissues of both cultivars. Finally, the association of cefotaxime (250 mg L-1) + vancomycin (250 mg L-1) did not affect negatively the somatic embryos of tested cultivars until 63 days of treatment. Thereafter, a second experiment was carried out to determine the efficacy of different antibiotic treatments in suppressing LBA4404 Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain in genetic transformation. On tissue culture conditions, carbenicillin at 500 and 1000 mg L-1 was not active against Agrobacterium. On the other hand, treatments with cefotaxime at 350 and 500 mg L-1, and cefotaxime + vancomycin efficiently suppressed Agrobacterium during 49 days. Data of both experiments suggested cefotaxime + vancomycin for 49-63 days as the most appropriate treatment. This is the first work reporting the effect of antibiotics on soybean tissues. By identifying an antibiotic combination that suppressed A. tumefaciens with minimal phytotoxic effects, we are able to recommend it for improvement of soybean Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure.

scholarly journals Albumin Enhances Caspofungin Activity against Aspergillus Species by Facilitating Drug Delivery to Germinating Hyphae

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1226-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Ioannou ◽  
Aggeliki Andrianaki ◽  
Tonia Akoumianaki ◽  
Irene Kyrmizi ◽  
Nathaniel Albert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Content Type

The modestin vitroactivity of echinocandins againstAspergillusimplies that host-related factors augment the action of these antifungal agentsin vivo. We found that, in contrast to the other antifungal agents (voriconazole, amphotericin B) tested, caspofungin exhibited a profound increase in activity against variousAspergillusspecies under conditions of cell culture growth, as evidenced by a ≥4-fold decrease in minimum effective concentrations (MECs) (P= 0. 0005). Importantly, the enhanced activity of caspofungin againstAspergillusspp. under cell culture conditions was strictly dependent on serum albumin and was not observed with the other two echinocandins, micafungin and anidulafungin. Of interest, fluorescently labeled albumin bound preferentially on the surface of germinatingAspergillushyphae, and this interaction was further enhanced upon treatment with caspofungin. In addition, supplementation of cell culture medium with albumin resulted in a significant, 5-fold increase in association of fluorescently labeled caspofungin withAspergillushyphae (P< 0.0001). Collectively, we found a novel synergistic interaction between albumin and caspofungin, with albumin acting as a potential carrier molecule to facilitate antifungal drug delivery toAspergillushyphae.

Fibrinolytic Properties of Proteases Derived from Human, Dog and Rabbit Leukocytes

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Gans
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Leukocytes ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Activity ◽  
Other Hand

SummaryIntact and disintegrated human, dog and rabbit leukocytes were studied for their ability to lyse fibrin. It was noted that broken-up rabbit leukocytes fail to lyse bovine or rabbit fibrin. Human and dog leukocytes, on the other hand, readily lyse bovine fibrin.Prior incubation at pH 1 and pH 8 resulted in maximally active human cell preparations. Similar results were obtained with dog cells upon prior incubation at pH 4 and pH 8. Loss of activity was noted upon prior incubation for 15 minutes at 56° C. Adsorption of human leukocytes with celite and charcoal resulted in a 2 and 21/2 fold increase in activity.The noted lysis was found to result from proteolytic activity as well as from plasminogen activator activity. The results to these studies suggest that autolysis of relatively few leukocytes will produce a rapid breakdown of considerable amounts of fibrin.

scholarly journals Effect of recombinant erythropoietin in interaction with stromal factors on cord blood hematopoiesis

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 3212-3217 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Abe ◽  
Y Takaue ◽  
Y Kawano ◽  
Y Kuroda
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recombinant Erythropoietin ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cd34 Cells

To investigate the effect of recombinant erythropoietin (Epo) on primitive human hematopoietic progenitor cells, we cultured cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMNC) and CB CD34+ cells in a Dexter-type long-term culture system (LTC), to which various concentrations of Epo were added at day 0 or 7, with or without direct contact with irradiated allogeneic human marrow stromal layers. In regular stroma-contact cultures, when CBMNC were inoculated, the addition of Epo at 1 to 10 U/mL induced a significant increase in LTC-initiating cells (LTC-IC), particularly in the myeloid component, compared with the control without Epo. Significantly more LTC-IC were generated by the delayed addition of Epo on day 7 than on day 0. On the other hand, when CD34+ cells were inoculated, physiologic concentrations of Epo (0.1 U/mL) induced a more than twofold increase in LTC-IC, which was attributed equally to both the myeloid and erythroid lineages, only when added on day 0. In stroma-noncontact cultures, which were created using a Transwell 0.4-micron microporous membrane filter, dose-dependent suppression of the myeloid component of LTC-IC was observed with a higher concentration of Epo (1 to 100 U/mL) when CBMNC was inoculated. On the other hand, without Epo, fourfold more LTC-IC was generated from CD34+ cells in stroma-noncontact than in stroma-contact cultures, which was then significantly augmented by the addition of Epo (0.1 or 10 U/mL) on day 0. This increase was due to both the myeloid and erythroid lineages. A higher concentration of Epo (100 U/mL) resulted in a decrease in LTC-IC, mainly in myeloid progeny, in all of the culture conditions. Hence, Epo may play an important physiologic role in the maintenance and proliferation of immature stem/progenitor cells, in close interaction with factors from marrow stromal cells.

scholarly journals Urinary excretion of isomers of biliverdin after destruction in vivo of haemoproteins and haemin

1985 ◽  
Vol 229 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Hirota ◽  
S Yamamoto ◽  
H A Itano
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Isomeric Composition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Biliverdin Ix ◽  
Physiological Values

The amount and isomeric composition of urinary biliverdin in rabbits were analysed by h.p.l.c. Physiological values were maintained after the injection of haemin. On the other hand, when haemoglobins from several mammalian species were injected into rabbits, the excretion of biliverdin-IX alpha and biliverdin-IX beta were increased 6-18-fold and 32-66-fold respectively over physiological excretion. Injection of myoglobin resulted in a 44-fold increase in excretion of the IX alpha-isomer. Coupled oxidation with ascorbate of haemoglobin and myoglobin by oxygen produced mainly the IX alpha- and IX beta-isomers from haemoglobin and the IX alpha-isomer from myoglobin. The destruction of part of the haem from injected haemoproteins by non-enzymic chemical degradation would account for the observed respective increases in the excretion of biliverdin isomers. The excretion of biliverdin isomers after the injection of phenylhydrazine into rabbits was similar to that after the injection of haemoglobin.

scholarly journals Types, differences and prognosis of colonic polyps

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmathulla Safiyul Rahman ◽  
Ali Saeed Alharbi ◽  
Bassam Ahmed Basaben ◽  
Ahmad Adnan Alsalman ◽  
Anas Sulaiman Aljohani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Colonic Polyps ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colon Polyps ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Lymphoid Aggregates ◽  
Rule Out

Colon polyps might originate from the submucosa including lymphoid aggregates, carcinoids and lipomas. On the other hand, most polyps usually arise from the mucosa and include various types, whether neoplastic or not. The prognosis and treatment of these lesions depend on establishing an adequate diagnosis to rule out the presence of malignancy. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of each subclassification's different types and presentations to achieve the best outcomes. When conducting colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer, colorectal polyps are commonly discovered. The prevalence of these lesions is high. However, most of them do not have any clinical significance. On the other hand, evidence shows that some polyps might have premalignant characteristics, which are usually challenging to manage in clinical practice. Therefore, evidence shows that the most appropriate approach to managing these lesions and achieving the best prognosis would be identifying and treating them as early as possible before complications appear to intervene against potential morbidities and mortality. Clinicians should consider the wide variations of colorectal cancer to establish the most appropriate diagnosis. A histological diagnosis is essential in these events to exclude malignancy and decide the most appropriate treatment plan.

scholarly journals Effect of combined G6PD deficiency and diabetes on protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naif S. Karadsheh ◽  
Nisreen A. Quttaineh ◽  
Salem N. Karadsheh ◽  
Mohammad El-Khateeb
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract Background Oxidative Stress, an imbalance in the pro-oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis, occurs in many physiological and non-physiological processes and several human diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Since the incidence of G6PD deficiency in Jordan and many parts of the world is high, this study aimed to measure the effect of G6PD deficiency on the oxidative markers and the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Methods Whole blood G6PD deficiency was screened by the fluorescent spot method, and erythrocyte G6PD activity was determined using a quantitative assay. Since protein carbonyl (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) are the most widely measured markers for protein and lipid oxidation, respectively, plasma PC and MDA, in addition to blood GSH were determined by spectrophotometric assays, as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Results The incidence of G6PD deficiency among the diabetic subjects was 15%. PC level in patients with diabetes and in G6PD-deficient subjects was 5.5 to 6-fold higher than in non-diabetic subjects with sufficient G6PD levels (p<0.001). This fold increase was doubled in diabetic patients with G6PD deficiency (p<0.001). Furthermore, the MDA level was significantly increased by 28-41% in G6PD-deficient, diabetics with sufficient G6PD, and diabetics with G6PD deficiency compared to MDA level in non-diabetic with sufficient G6PD. On the other hand, GSH was significantly reduced to half in G6PD-deficient subjects and in diabetics with G6PD-deficiency. Conclusions The results showed that diabetes and G6PD deficiency increased protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. However, the combination of both disorders has an additive effect only on protein oxidation. On the other hand, GSH level is only reduced in G6PD deficiency. In addition, diabetes and G6PD deficiency appear to be genetically linked since the incidence of G6PD deficiency among people with diabetes is more than the general population.

scholarly journals The effect of selected fungicides on survival of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in various kinds of soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Stanisław Barczyński ◽  
Zofia Machowicz-Stefaniak ◽  
Piotr Sobiczewski
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sterile Soil ◽  
Nonsterile Soil ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Neutral Soil

The effect of 10 fungicides on survival of A. tumefaciens in various types of soils was studied. In fertile, nonsterile soil Dithane M-45 (mancozeb), Euparen 50 WP (tolyfluanid), Kaptan 50 WP (captan) and Ridomil Gold 80 WP (metalaxyl) at concentration of 1000 ppm showed the highest antibacterial activity. Similar trends in activity of these fungicides occurred in fertile, sterile soil, however a little lower in case of Kaptan and Euparen. In most of investigated soils Befran 25 SL (imimnoctadyne), Syllit 65 WP (dodine) and Thiram Granulfo 80 WG (thiram) increased bacteria number. In sandy acidic soil (pH 3,5) all tested fungicides totally eliminated bacteria. On the other hand in sandy neutral soil only Dithane, Euparen, Kaptan and Ridomil showed such activity. Ten fold decrease of fungicides concentration generally did not influence Kaptan and Ridomil effectiveness but it decreased the activity of Dithane and Euparen.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

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