scholarly journals The effect of selected fungicides on survival of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in various kinds of soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Stanisław Barczyński ◽  
Zofia Machowicz-Stefaniak ◽  
Piotr Sobiczewski
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sterile Soil ◽  
Nonsterile Soil ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Neutral Soil

The effect of 10 fungicides on survival of A. tumefaciens in various types of soils was studied. In fertile, nonsterile soil Dithane M-45 (mancozeb), Euparen 50 WP (tolyfluanid), Kaptan 50 WP (captan) and Ridomil Gold 80 WP (metalaxyl) at concentration of 1000 ppm showed the highest antibacterial activity. Similar trends in activity of these fungicides occurred in fertile, sterile soil, however a little lower in case of Kaptan and Euparen. In most of investigated soils Befran 25 SL (imimnoctadyne), Syllit 65 WP (dodine) and Thiram Granulfo 80 WG (thiram) increased bacteria number. In sandy acidic soil (pH 3,5) all tested fungicides totally eliminated bacteria. On the other hand in sandy neutral soil only Dithane, Euparen, Kaptan and Ridomil showed such activity. Ten fold decrease of fungicides concentration generally did not influence Kaptan and Ridomil effectiveness but it decreased the activity of Dithane and Euparen.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF BAWANG DAYAK (ELEUTHERINE SP.) AND HATI TANAH (ANGIOPTERIS SP.) AND THEIR COMBINATION AGAINST PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
SUSI NOVARYATIIN
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Bawang Dayak(Eleutherine sp.) and Hati Tanah (Angiopteris sp.) and their combination against Propionibacterium acnes.Methods: The extracts were used for phytochemical screening. Antibacterial activity was performed using disc diffusion technique, with twovariations of the concentration of 5% and 10% for each extracts, and combination of both extracts with three combinations: (1) 5%: 5%, (2) 5%: 10%, and (3) 10%: 5%.Results: Both extracts contained tannins, saponins, and steroids. The antibacterial activity against P. acnes showed that the inhibition zones ofBawang Dayak ethanol extract were 6.1±1.5 mm (5%) and 8.7±1.3 mm (10%). On the other hand, the inhibition zones of Hati Tanah ethanol extract were 4.0±1.6 mm (5%) and 9.2±2.5 mm (10%). The inhibition zones produced in combinations 1, 2, and 3 were 5.8±0.3 mm, 10.8±2.0 mm, and 15.5±2.8 mm, respectively.Conclusion: In this study showed the presence of tannins, saponins, and steroids that might be responsible for antibacterial activity in both extract. The best antibacterial activity was produced by combining the two extracts (combination 3).

scholarly journals Influence of antibiotics on embryogenic tissue and Agrobacterium tumefaciens suppression in soybean genetic transformation

Bragantia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Wiebke ◽  
Fabricio Ferreira ◽  
Giancarlo Pasquali ◽  
Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettini ◽  
Annette Droste
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Embryogenic Tissues

The influence of different antibiotic treatments in soybean genetic transformation was evaluated. First, an assay was performed to verify how different antibiotic treatments affect soybean embryogenic tissues. The effect of carbenicillin at 500 mg L-1 was genotype-dependent. This antibiotic did not affect embryo survival of cv. IAS5, but a three-fold increase of embryo proliferation was observed for cv. Bragg, when compared to the control. On the other hand, cefotaxime at 350 and 500 mg L-1 caused death of embryogenic tissues of both cultivars. Finally, the association of cefotaxime (250 mg L-1) + vancomycin (250 mg L-1) did not affect negatively the somatic embryos of tested cultivars until 63 days of treatment. Thereafter, a second experiment was carried out to determine the efficacy of different antibiotic treatments in suppressing LBA4404 Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain in genetic transformation. On tissue culture conditions, carbenicillin at 500 and 1000 mg L-1 was not active against Agrobacterium. On the other hand, treatments with cefotaxime at 350 and 500 mg L-1, and cefotaxime + vancomycin efficiently suppressed Agrobacterium during 49 days. Data of both experiments suggested cefotaxime + vancomycin for 49-63 days as the most appropriate treatment. This is the first work reporting the effect of antibiotics on soybean tissues. By identifying an antibiotic combination that suppressed A. tumefaciens with minimal phytotoxic effects, we are able to recommend it for improvement of soybean Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 7-Hydroxy-3',4'-Methylenedioxy- and 7-Benzyloxy-3',4'-Methylenedioxy Flavanones

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ali ◽  
A. Rahim ◽  
A. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

7-Hydroxy-3',4'-methylenedioxy- and 7-benzyloxy-3',4'-methylenedioxy flavanones have been synthesized starting from 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone. Subsequently biocidal activities of the flavanones have been investigated along with their corresponding chalcones against some bacterial and fungal strains. 2'-Hydroxy-4'-benzyloxy-3,4-methylenedioxy chalcone (5) and its corresponding flavanone (7) showed good antibacterial and antifungal activities against some selected bacterial and fungal strains. On the other hand, 2',4'-dihydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxy chalcone (4) showed no antibacterial and antifungal activities while its corresponding flavanone (6) showed a little antibacterial activity only at higher concentration but did not show antifungal activity. The synthesized chalcones and flavanones have been characterized using UV-Vis, IR and 1H NMRspectral data together with elemental analysis.

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some 1-(2-propynyl) and 1-propadienyl derivatives of 1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids and similar heterocycles

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Rádl ◽  
Lenka Kovářová ◽  
Jiří Holoubek
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Derivatives Of

N-Alkylation of IIIa, IIIb, IIId - IIIf and 9-acridanone with 3-bromopropyne in dimethyl sulfoxide in the presence of potassium carbonate yielded N-(2-propynyl) derivatives IVa - IVe and VIa, respectively. Ethyl esters IVa, IVb, and IVe were hydrolyzed to IVf - IVh, respectively. Compounds IVf, IVg, IVctreated with bases yielded N-propadienyl derivatives Va - Vc. On the other hand 2-substituted compounds IVd and IVh did not change under the same conditions. Compound VIa treated with powdered potassium hydroxide in dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature yielded N-(1-propynyl) derivative VII.

scholarly journals Uji Metode Olsen dan Bray dalam Menganalisis Kandungan Fosfat Tersedia pada Tanah Sawah di Desa Konarom Barat Kecamatan Dumoga Utara

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ghazaly R. Umaternate ◽  
Jemmy Abidjulu ◽  
Audy D. Wuntu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Rice Field Soil ◽  
Other Hand

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan konsentrasi fosfat tersedia pada tanah sawah dan membandingkan dua metode ekstraksi fosfat, yaitu metode olsen yang menggunakan reagen NaHCO3 dan metode bray yang menggunakan reagen Bray dan Kurtz. Hasil ekstrak direaksikan dengan pereaksi pewarna fosfat bersama deret standar dan diukur absorbansinya menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 693 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak fosfat tersedia dari metode Olsen menunjukkan hasil konsentrasi yang tinggi berturut–turut 422,861; 771,614; 1389,464; 1607,386; 821,591; dan 1139,925 ppm, sedangkan metode Bray menunjukkan hasil yang lebih rendah berturut-turut 16,102; 13,899; 11,307; 7,181; 7,183; dan 9,073 ppm. Reagen NaHCO3 pada sampel menyebabkan pH naik sehingga banyak fosfat yang terlepas, sedangkan reagen Bray dan Kurtz menyebabkan pH turun dan lebih sedikit fosfat yang terlepas. pH sampel yang bersifat asam menyebabkan metode Bray lebih cocok untuk digunakan daripada metode Olsen karena metode Bray spesifik untuk tanah asam, sedangkan metode Olsen dapat digunakan untuk tanah asam dan basa.A study aimed to determine the concentration of phosphate available to the rice field soil and to compare the two methods of phosphate extraction, which are Olsen that uses NaHCO3 reagent and Bray that uses Bray and Kurtz reagents, had been done. The extract was reacted with phosphate coloring reagent and standards and the absorbance was measured using spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 693 nm. The results showed that the extract of phosphate available using Olsen method showed higher value of concentrations which were 422.861; 771.614; 1389.464; 1607.386; 821.591; and 1139.925 ppm. On the other hand, Bray method showed a lower value which were 16.102; 13.899; 11.307; 7.181; 7.183; and 9.073 ppm. NaHCO3 increased the pH and more phosphate was released, while the Bray and Kurtz reagent decreased the pH and less phosphate was released. Due to the lower pH of the sample, Bray method is more suitable for acidic soils rather than Olsen method because of its specificity for acidic soil, while the Olsen method can be used for acidic and alkaline soil.

scholarly journals Self-healing of bio-cementitious mortar incubated within neutral and acidic soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Esaker ◽  
Omar Hamza ◽  
Adam Souid ◽  
David Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Chemical Attack ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Neutral Soil ◽  
Healing Agent

AbstractThe efficiency of bio self-healing of pre-cracked mortar specimens incubated in sand was investigated. The investigation examined the effect of soil pH representing industrially recognised classes of exposure, ranging from no risk of chemical attack (neutral pH ≈ 7) to very high risk (pH ≈ 4.5). Simultaneously, the soil was subjected to fully and partially saturated cycles for 120 days to resemble groundwater-level fluctuation. Bacillus subtilis with nutrients were impregnated into perlite and utilised as a bacterial healing agent. The healing agent was added to half of the mortar specimens for comparison purposes. Mineral precipitations were observed in both control and bio-mortar specimens, and the healing products were examined by SEM–EDX scanning. The healing ratio was evaluated by comparing (1) the repair rate of the crack area and (2) by capillary water absorption and sorptivity index—before and after incubation. The results indicated that bacteria-doped specimens (bio-mortar) exhibited the most efficient crack-healing in all incubation conditions i.e. different chemical exposure classes. In the pH neutral soil, the average healing ratios for the control and bio-mortar specimens were 38% and 82%, respectively. However, the healing ratio decreased by 43% for specimens incubated in acidic soil (pH ≈ 4) compared with specimens incubated in neutral soil (pH ≈ 7). The study implies that bio self-healing is generally beneficial for concrete embedded within soil; however, aggressive ground conditions can inhibit the healing process.

The Evaluation of Sawdust Swine Waste Compost on the Soil Ecosystem, Pollution and Vegetable Production

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-M. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Swine Waste ◽  
Total N ◽  
Feeding Technique ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
Neutral Soil ◽  
Compost Treatment ◽  
Microbial Agent

We have successfully developed so called “biological sawdust bed pig-feeding technique” to prevent the production of swine waste water and reduction of offensive odor from piggeries by means of a specific microbial agent under mesophilic, aerobic and solid fermentation conditions. The mixture of swine feces, urine, microbial agent and sawdust is the only by-product in this pig-feeding technique. This type of compost is called “sawdust swine waste compost or SSW compost.” The main characteristics of SSW compost include as follows: pH 8.0, moisture content 40%, total N 2.2%, P2O5 3.9%, K20 3.0%, Zn 480 ppm, Cu 190 ppm, total C 39.8%, C/N ratio 18.0 and some special microorganisms such as Asperqillusterreus, Bacillussubtilis etc. Field experiment has shown that when the SSW compost was applied to the acidic soil (pH 5.0) and neutral soil (pH 7.1) at the rate of 50 Tons/ha (w/w), respectively, after 1 year application, the amount of Zn and Cu in acidic soil was significantly increased from 15 to 22.8 ppm and 14.5 to 26.7 ppm, respectively. However, the amount of Zn and Cu in neutral soil was only slightly increased from 5.7 to 6.3 ppm and 6.5 to 7.0ppm, respectively, as compared with the check (noncompost) treatment. Furthermore, the production of Chinese cabbage in acidic soil was remarkably increased 18-19% in 25 and 50 Tons/ha SSW compost treatment and Zn and Cu content of leaves in SSW compost treatment was 30-36% and 20-30% higher than in check treatment, respectively. The proper application of SSW compost not only improves the soilfertilitybut also increases the vegetable production. However, the accumulation of Zn and Cu in acidic soil and in crop leaves should be carefully considered if the compost was treated for the long term application.

Accumulation and distribution of toxic and potentially toxic elements in potato on different types of soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Popović-Djordjević ◽  
Zoran Broćić ◽  
Mirjana Kresović ◽  
Jelena Mutić
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Other Hand

<p>Potato is currently the third most significant crop culture in the world, with the production of over 388 million tons in 2016. This crop is present on the tables of Serbian consumers throughout the year because of the tradition and its affordable price. Serbia has relatively good climatic conditions for potato production, which are defined by the temperature regime and the amount and frequency of precipitation. The nutritive value of the potato is mainly attributed to the chemical composition of the tuber. The element composition of tubers depends on many factors, such as: genotype, developmental phase of the plant, agroecological conditions, chemical properties of soil, fertilization and irrigation. On the other hand, geochemical origin of trace elements in the soil, the intensive agriculture production, use of contaminated soil and irrigation water may increase their toxic levels in tubers.</p><p> Potato tubers of five varieties were produced on commercial farms at two locations in Western Serbia (Guča and Sjenica), with favorable agroecological conditions for potato production. Tuber samples of studied varieties from each location were collected at the end of growing seasons at the stage of physiological maturity. Soil samples were collected from several sites at each production location at the depth of 0–30 cm. Basic agrochemical properties of the soil samples were determined. Content of toxic (As, Cd, Pb) and potentially toxic (Al, Ba, Ni, V) elements in fresh tubers (peel and core) and soil samples was established by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES). Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of each studied element, as the ratio between its content in the peel and in the core of the tuber and the soil, was calculated.</p><p> According to pH values, 4.77 and 6.80, soils were clasified as very acidic (Guča location) and slightly acidic (Sjenica location), respectively. Content of studied trace elements in soils, with the exception of Ni, was within the allowable limits. Tuber peel of all studied varieties grown on both soil types was characterized with the higher content of Cd, Al, Ba and Ni, compared to the relevant core. Consenquently, the higher values of BAF were observed in the peel of tubers. Average values of BAF for the studied elements in the peel for both soil pH values 4.77 and 6.80 (Guča and Sjenica, respectively) were in the following order: Cd>Ba>Pb>As>Ni>Al=V. On the other hand, average BAF values for the core of the tuber samples were in a slightly different order, depending on the soil pH; Cd>Pb>As>Ba>Ni>Al=V (pH 4.77) and Cd>Pb>As>Ba=Ni>V (pH 6.80). The highest/lowest BAFs were calculated for Cd (0.339) in the peel and Al (0.0002) in the core, respectively. Content of As and Cd did not exeed the maximum allowed concentrations set by the national and European Union regulations, but it should be pointed out that Cd content was close to the upper limit. Also, it was noticed that the content of Pb exceeded the safe limit set for these elements according to both regulations.</p><p>Keywords: potato tuber, soil, toxic elements, ICP</p><p>Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Research grant No. 46009).</p>

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Lyophilized Aqueous Extract of Coriaria Myrtifolia from Northern Morocco

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-285
Author(s):  
Karima Hezbri ◽  
Maha Hafse ◽  
Abdellah Farah ◽  
Imed Sbissi ◽  
Maher Gtari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Other Hand

This work aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of lyophilized aqueous extract of Coriaria myrtifolia against twentythree bacterial strains belonging to twelve main genera, known to be involved in some pathologies and / or in the foodspoilage process: Bacillus sp., E. coli, E. hafnia, Enterococcus sp., Klebsiella sp,. Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonassp., Salmonella sp., Serratia sp., Shigella sp., S. aureus and Streptomyces sp. To achieve this goal, the disk diffusionmethod was used.The study revealed that C. myrtifolia’s aqueous extract is active against most of the tested strains and that activity isproportional to its concentration. The intensity of inhibition depends on the extract’s concentration on one hand and on thebacterial species tested on the other hand.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

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