scholarly journals Polyamines in human breast milk for preterm and term infants

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Plaza-Zamora ◽  
M. Sabater-Molina ◽  
M. Rodríguez-Palmero ◽  
M. Rivero ◽  
V. Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Transition Milk

Maternal milk is the first source of exogenous polyamines for the newborn. Polyamines modulate gut maturation in neonates, but no studies are available on polyamine concentration in human milk of preterm babies, even though they could be important for their immature gut. The present study aimed to determine polyamine concentration in human breast milk of mothers with preterm or term infants during the first month of lactation. Human milk samples were obtained during the first month of lactation from twenty-seven mothers with preterm babies and twelve mothers with babies born at term. The polyamine concentration in human milk was quantified by HPLC. During the first month of lactation, the total polyamine concentration was significantly higher in preterm milk than in term milk samples (7590 (sd 4990) v. 4660 (sd 4830) nmol/l, respectively (P =0·034)), as well as individual polyamine concentrations. Polyamine concentration in mature milk for preterm babies was significantly higher than that in mature milk for babies at term, and a similar trend was observed in colostrum and transition human milk. The spermidine/spermine ratio was higher in transition milk in preterm v. term samples, while in mature milk, the ratio was significantly lower in preterm than in term babies. In conclusion, the polyamine concentration was significantly higher in human milk for preterm than for term infants. This and the different spermidine/spermine ratios could influence the gut development of premature babies.

Human Breast Milk Contains Bovine lgG. Relationship to Infant Colic?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Clyne ◽  
Anthony Kulczycki
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Infant Colic ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Previous studies have suggested that an unidentified cow's milk protein, other than β-lactoglobulin and casein, might play a pathogenetic role in infant colic. Therefore, a radioimmunoassay was used to analyze human breast milk and infant formula samples for the presence of bovine IgG. Milk samples from 88 of the 97 mothers tested contained greater than 0.1 µg/mL of bovine IgG. In a study group of 59 mothers with infants in the colic-prone 2- to 17-week age group, the 29 mothers of colicky infants had higher levels of bovine IgG in their breast milk (median 0.42 µg/mL) than the 30 mothers of noncolicky infants (median 0.32 µg/mL) (P < .02). The highest concentrations of bovine IgG observed in human milk were 8.5 and 8.2 µg/mL. Most cow's milk-based infant formulas contained 0.6 to 6.4 µg/mL of bovine IgG, a concentration comparable with levels found in many human milk samples. The results suggest that appreciable quantities of bovine IgG are commonly present in human milk, that significantly higher levels are present in milk from mothers of colicky infants, and that bovine IgG may possibly be involved in the pathogenesis of infant colic.

scholarly journals COVID-19 mRNA vaccine is not detected in human milk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yarden Golan ◽  
Mary Prahl ◽  
Arianna Cassidy ◽  
Christine Y. Lin ◽  
Nadav Ahituv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Milk Samples

AbstractSeveral countries have recently approved the use of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 under an emergency use authorization. However, no pregnant or lactating individuals were included in the Phase 3 clinical trials of these vaccines despite belonging to a group at high risk for severe complications of COVID-19 infection. We show here that the mRNA from anti-COVID BNT162b2 (Pfizer) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines is not detected in human breast milk samples collected 4-48 hours post-vaccine. These results strengthen the recommendation of ABM and WHO that lactating individuals who receive the anti-COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccine should continue to breastfeed their infants uninterrupted.

Characteristics of Human Breast Milk Based on Infant’s Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Moudah Alhindi ◽  
Hadohum Musallam ◽  
Esam Elhefian
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Complex Fluid ◽  
Infant Sex ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

Human milk is a complex fluid, which contains a number of constituents such as fats, proteins and vitamins, in addition to other compounds. These nutrients are needed for infant protection against infections and diseases. This study was undertaken to evaluate some physicochemical properties and biochemical constituents content of human milk samples (based on the gender of the breast feeding infant). This includes acidity, density and viscosity, as well as lactose, protein, calcium and magnesium contents. Results showed that the highest value of viscosity as well as the highest percentages of protein and acidity were recorded for human breast milk for a boy (2.212 cP, 1.237% and 0.02% respectively) while close values for density and other biochemical contents were recorded for both types of samples. However, only the change in viscosity was found to be significant (p?0.05). Variations in some properties of human milk depending on the infant' sex could be of benefit for developing infant formula taking infant’s gender into consideration.

scholarly journals Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Human Breast Milk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Groß ◽  
Carina Conzelmann ◽  
Janis A. Müller ◽  
Steffen Stenger ◽  
Karin Steinhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) is mainly transmitted in the human population during close contact and respiratory droplets. It is currently unclear, however, whether CoV-2 is shed into milk and may also be transmitted from infected mothers to newborns trough breast feeding. Two recent reviews on the topic (1,2) did not find evidence for CoV-2 in human milk. However, the number of breast milk samples analyzed so far is small and samples were taken only once from each mother (2).

scholarly journals An updated review of worldwide levels of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid in human breast milk by region

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 2675-2687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanqing Fu ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Bing Zhou ◽  
Alice C Jiang ◽  
Lingying Chai
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Future Population

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the DHA and arachidonic acid (AA) levels in human breast milk worldwide by country, region and socio-economic status.DesignDescriptive review conducted on English publications reporting breast-milk DHA and AA levels.SettingWe systematically searched and identified eligible literature in PubMed from January 1980 to July 2015. Data on breast-milk DHA and AA levels from women who had given birth to term infants were included.SubjectsSeventy-eight studies from forty-one countries were included with 4163 breast-milk samples of 3746 individuals.ResultsWorldwide mean levels of DHA and AA in breast milk were 0·37 (sd0·11) % and 0·55 (sd0·14) % of total fatty acids, respectively. The breast-milk DHA levels from women with accessibility to marine foods were significantly higher than those from women without accessibility (0·35 (sd0·20) %v. 0·25 (sd0·14) %,P<0·05). Data from the Asian region showed the highest DHA concentration but much lower AA concentration in breast milk compared with all other regions, independent of accessibility to marine foods. Comparison was made among Canada, Poland and Japan – three typical countries (each with sample size of more than 100 women) from different regions but all with high income and similar accessibility to fish/marine foods.ConclusionsThe current review provides an update on worldwide variation in breast-milk DHA and AA levels and underlines the need for future population- or region-specific investigations.

scholarly journals Neutral Human Milk Oligosaccharides Are Associated with Multiple Fixed and Modifiable Maternal and Infant Characteristics

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meichen Wang ◽  
Zhenwen Zhao ◽  
Ai Zhao ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactation Stage

We aimed to identify if maternal and infant factors were associated with neutral human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) variability and examined the associations between HMOs concentration and infant growth and disease status in healthy Chinese mothers over a 6-month lactation period. We recruited mothers and their full-term infants as our subjects. At 1–5 days, 8–14 days, 4 weeks, and 6 months postpartum, all participants were interviewed to collect breast milk samples, obtain follow-up data and measure infant length and weight at their local hospital. A total of 23 neutral HMOs were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)- mass spectrometer (MS). Secretor and Lewis phenotype were determined by the concentration of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and Lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP)-II. The associations between maternal and infant factors with HMOs concentrations were investigated. A total of 464 human breast milk samples were collected from 116 mothers at four different time points. In total, 76.7% mothers were found to be Secretor and Lewis positive phenotype (Se+Le+), 17.2% were Se-Le+, 4.3% were Se+Le-, and 1.7% were Se-Le-. Several individual HMOs, including 2′-FL, Lactodifucotetraose (LDFT), LNFP-I were determined by Secretor phenotype. Most individual HMOs decreased at the later stage of lactation, except 3′-FL. We suggest that Secretor phenotype and lactation stage could influence most of the neutral HMOs. Concentrations of specific HMOs may be associated with maternal age, allergic history, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), parity, delivery mode, infant gestational age and gender.

scholarly journals Relation between breast milk energy density and the pre-conception BMI from donations of a human milk bank

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanira Flórez Matías ◽  
Liliana Ladino Melendez ◽  
Sandra Patricia Guevara Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Proportional Relation ◽  
Milk Bank ◽  
Transition Milk ◽  
Human Milk Bank

AbstractHuman breast milk is a high value biological substance that grants numerous benefits both to mother and child. Many aspects can produce changes in the milk composition; among them, the pre-conception body mass index (Pre-conception BMI) which is included as a factor that can influence the fat levels and therefore, the milk's energy density. To identify if there is a relation between the breast milk energy density from a human milk bank and Preconception BMI. It is a retrospective study that used information from donations registered in the human milk database at Hospital de Kennedy during 2016. The dependent variable is the energy density from 3 kinds of milk: colostrum, mature and transition milk. As independent variable, Preconception BMI was taken. The R free program version 3.3.0 was used for statistical analysis. The energy density average found for the 3 kinds of milk were: 20.59 + /- 2.3 kcal/oz, 20.51 + /- 2.17 kcal/oz y 19.21 + /- 2.53 for colostrum, transition milk and mature milk respectively. The Preconception BMI average from the donors was 23.56 Kg/m2 for colostrum, 23.9 Kg/m2 for transition milk and 23.1 Kg/m2 for mature milk. No relation between Preconception BMI and energy density of colostrum was found. However, for transition milk and Preconception BMI a directly proportional relation was found (p < 0.01), and for mature milk and Preconception BMI an inversely proportional relation was determined (p = 0.0387). There are internal and external factors than can affect the breast milk lipid content, such as movements of reserves through the organism to protect the milk production, hormonal action, dietary intake, physical activity and socio-economic and cultural aspects; that is why it is not possible to analyze the preconception BMI as a unique predictor of breast milk energy density in an isolated manner. Preconception BMI is related to human breast transition and mature milk energy density in donations registered in 2016 at Kennedy Hospital.

scholarly journals Expression profiles of hsa-miR-148a-3p and hsa-miR-125b-5p in human breast milk and infant formulae

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Chiba ◽  
Aya Kooka ◽  
Kiyoko Kowatari ◽  
Megumi Yoshizawa ◽  
Naoko Chiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Infant Formulae ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Transition Milk

Abstract Background Milk-derived microRNAs (miRNAs), including hsa-miR-148a-3p (miR-148a) and hsa-miR-125b-5p (miR-125b), have been shown to be beneficial to the gastrointestinal function in infants. Here, we investigated their expression during lactation in humans and determined whether the infant formulae available in Japan contain these miRNAs. Methods Healthy Japanese women (n = 16) who gave birth vaginally or by cesarean section at the Teine Keijinkai Hospital between 1 September 2020, and 31 April 2021 were included in this study. Breast milk was collected by nurses on days 4 or 5 after delivery (hereinafter, transition milk) and on day 30 of postpartum (hereinafter, mature milk). The levels of miR-148a and miR-125b in breastmilk and six commercially available infant formulae were compared and evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results In all participants, the miR-148a level in mature breastmilk was significantly lower than that in the transition milk. The changes in miR-125b expression during lactation showed similar trends to the changes in miR-148a expression. The miR-148a and miR-125b levels in all analyzed infant formulae were lower than 1/500th and 1/100th of those in mature breastmilk, respectively. Conclusions The levels of both miR-148a and miR-125b in human breast milk decreased on day 30 postpartum compared with those in the transition milk. Additionally, the expression of these miRNAs in infant formulae available in Japan was very low. Further studies with larger populations are required to understand precisely the lactational changes in the expression of miR148a and miR-125b in breast milk.

scholarly journals Genesis and evolution of KIMIE: New cost-effective indigenous human breast milk pasteurizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Sudhir Waghmare ◽  
Akshay Kharche ◽  
Shilpa Kalane ◽  
Vishakha Haridas ◽  
Uday Devaskar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Specialized Training ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Disposable Plastic

Natural mother’s breast milk is the best food for all newborns, especially preterm babies. However, if mother’s milk is unavailable or donor breast milk (DBM) is inadequate, DBM is the next best choice. Human milk pasteurizers are traditionally big, costly, and require special electrical and water connections, as well as need a large volume of water that is not recycled and an ongoing supply of disposable plastic bottles. Operation of these machines necessitates specialized training. The creation of Kimie, a compact, automated, and user-friendly human breast milk pasteurizer capable of pasteurizing small volumes of DBM, is described here. This system needs no special water plumbing, recycles water, and is reasonably priced.

scholarly journals Influence of Breastfeeding Factors on Polyamine Content in Human Milk

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3016
Author(s):  
Nelly C. Muñoz-Esparza ◽  
Edgar M. Vásquez-Garibay ◽  
Elizabeth Guzmán-Mercado ◽  
Alfredo Larrosa-Haro ◽  
Oriol Comas-Basté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Polyamine Content ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Exogenous Source

The polyamine content of human breast milk, which is the first exogenous source of polyamines for the newborn, can be affected by several factors associated with the mother, the infant, or breastfeeding itself. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different breastfeeding factors on the polyamines found in human milk. For this study, a cohort of 83 mothers was considered for up to 4 months, and a subgroup of 33 mothers were followed during the first six months of breastfeeding. Two breast milk samples were collected at each sampling point (foremilk and hindmilk) and the polyamine content was determined by UHPLC-FL. Polyamine levels varied considerably between the mothers and tended to decrease over time. Putrescine was the minor polyamine, whereas spermidine and spermine contents were very similar. The concentrations of the three polyamines were significantly higher in hindmilk than foremilk (p < 0.001). Spermidine and spermine levels decreased significantly through the lactation progress (p < 0.05). Finally, slightly higher levels of polyamines were observed in the milk of mothers providing partial, rather than full, breastfeeding, although the differences were not significant. The polyamine content in human milk was found to change during a single feed (foremilk versus hindmilk) and as lactation progressed, mainly in response to the specific circumstances of the newborn.

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