scholarly journals Hypoprothrombinemia in the compensated form of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis: further studies

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Manoukian ◽  
Durval Rosa Borges
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Antigen Concentration ◽  
Cirrhotic Group ◽  
Hepatic Synthesis ◽  
Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis

Coagulation abnormality is frequently observed in schistosomiasis patients but its pathophysiology has not been established. We measured, by immunodiffusion. the prothrombin-antigen concentration in 56 individuals; of these 19 with demonstrated compensated form of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, 17 with cirrhosis and 20 were control subjects. Transaminases, albumin, transthyretin, prothrombin time, antithrombin III, factor VII, and fibrinogen were also evaluated. All parameters were altered in the cirrhotic group but only albumin, prothrombin and antithrombin III levels were altered in the schistosomiasis group. Ninety percent of the patients with cirrhosis and sixty percent of the patients with schistosomiasis had abnormal plasma levels of albumin, transthyretin, prothrombin-antigen, and/or antithrombin III; an impaired hepatic synthesis was responsible for these results. Conversely forty percent of the schistosomiasis patients with normal plasma concentrations of both albumin and transthyretin had decreased mean plasma levels of both prothrombin and antithrombin III. These results suggest that either proth rombin and antithrombin III are more sensitive markers of impaired hepatic synthesis in schistosomiasis than are levels of albumin and transthyretin combined, or a low grade chronic consumption of clotting proteins also occurs. Considering the latter hypothesis it is possible that the thrombin formed would be inhibited by antithrombin III with the complexed thrombin-antithrombin III being cleared by the liver. Consequently the plasma levels of both prothrombin and antithrombin would be decreased, but the level of fibrinogen would be preserved.

Haemostatic Studies in Carbohydrate-deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome Type I

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (04) ◽  
pp. 502-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Fiumara ◽  
R Barone ◽  
P Buttitta ◽  
R Musso ◽  
L Pavone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Type I ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Blood Coagulation Factors ◽  
D Dimer

SummaryCDG syndrome (CDGS) type I is the most frequent form of a group of metabolic disorders characterised by a defect of the carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins. A large number of plasma glycoproteins, including clotting factors and inhibitors, are decreased and stroke-like episodes have been described in about half of the reported patients. We studied blood coagulation factors, inhibitors and D-dimer plasma levels in four subjects, aged 12-23 years, with CDGS type I. Factors VIII, XI, antithrombin III activity, antigen plasma levels of antithrombin III, free protein S and protein C were decreased whereas protein C as activity was normal. In addition two patients had reduction of factors II, V, VII, IX, X reflecting the phenotypic heterogeneity associated with CDGS type I. D-dimer plasma concentrations were elevated in all subjects. The hypercoagulable state as consequence of the combined deficiencies of coagulation inhibitors could contribute to the stroke-like phenomena in CDGS type I.

Factor XII and Other Hemostatic Protein Abnormalities in Nephrotic Syndrome Patients

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (01) ◽  
pp. 027-032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur R Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis ◽  
Hemostatic Factors ◽  
Initial Sampling

SummaryFactor XII clotting activities and antigen levels were assayed in 14 plasma samples from 10 patients with nephrotic syndrome; the group was heterogeneous clinically and histologically. Factor XII was low at initial sampling in 7 of the 10 patients; in 7 of the 14 samples, factor XII antigen was in excess over clotting activity. Inhibition of factor XII could not be demonstrated; excess plasma antigen and urinary antigen (when present) had normal patterns on crossed-immunoelectrophoresis, indicating no major changes in charge or size. In 3 patients tested more than once, plasma levels of factor XII were increased up to 6fold in steroid-induced remission.Of other hemostatic factors assessed for comparison, factor VIII was elevated in 11 of the 14 samples; eight of these had elevated factor VII levels as well. Eight samples from six patients showed low antithrombin III levels; one of these patients had recurrent thromboses. Antithrombin III levels correlated with the serum albumin concentration.Only two of the eight urines tested had detectable factor XII antigen; a third had factor IX and prothrombin and no factor XII. Plasminogen and antithrombin III were readily demonstrated in all urine samples with higher concentrations in those patients with less selective proteinuria. Urinary and plasma levels were not correlated, suggesting that increased consumption or turnover was not simply related to increased filtration.

THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF HEPARIN ON THROMBOPLASTIN ACTIVATED PROTEASES

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Emanuele ◽  
J C Lormeau ◽  
J Choay ◽  
J Fareed
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Fibrinopeptide A ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Generation Test ◽  
Different Molecular Weight

Five different molecular weight (M. W.) fractions of heparin (M. W.'s 23,000 ; 17,450 ; 13,300 ; 9,000 and 5,100) were prepared by gel-filtration. Screening of these fractions in global and amidolytic assaysat a concentration of 2.5 ug/ml revealed a dependence on M. W. for the potency response. In the APTT, TT, Heptest, amidolytic anti Xa and Ila assays, an increase in potency was observed with increasing M. W.. This relationship remained consistent to 13,300 M. W. after which no further increases in potency were observed. However, when the same fractions were screenedfor their effect on prothrombin time (PT), a different M. W. dependent pattern was observed. In this assay, a continued increase in potency was observed for the 17,450 and 23,000 M. W. fractions. At a concentration of 20 ug/ml, the 23,000 M. M. fraction produced the largest prolongation of the PT while the 5,100 M. W. fraction showed the least effect. The correlation between M. W. and potency in the PT assay was 0.98. No M. W. dependent potency response was observed whenidentical PT.'s were performed in plasma deficient in antithrombin-III. Further testing of the M. W. fractions using a Ca++/thromboplastin activated fibrinopeptide-A generation test resulted in a potency response similar to that observed in the PT. To more precisely investigate this M. W. dependent effect upon thromboplastin activation an amidolytic assay using factor VII-thromboplastin to convert factor X to Xa wasdeveloped. The inhibition of Xa in the presence of the M. W. fractions and antithrombin III was used as the assay endpoint. As with previous assays involvingthromboplastin activation, potency increased with increasing M. W. from 5,100 through 23,000. These observations coupled with the failure of amidolytic anti Xa assays to show increased potency beyond 13,000 M. W., suggest that heparin of high M. W. may beacting at the level of thromboplastin or factor VII / VIIa.

Hemostatic profile of bovine ovarian follicular fluid

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Yamada ◽  
Patricia A. Gentry
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Coagulation Pathway ◽  
Ovarian Follicular Fluid

The hemostatic profile of bovine ovarian follicular fluid was evaluated and the levels of procoagulant, fibrinolytic, and inhibitory activity compared with plasma. The results of the prothrombin time assay and the presence of fibrinogen along with factor VII and factor X activity indicate that bovine follicular fluid possesses components of the "extrinsic" or "tissue factor" coagulation system. The absence of factor VIII:C activity, along with the extremely low levels of factors IX and XI, indicates that there is not a functional "intrinsic" coagulation pathway. The fluid derived from large follicles exhibited increased levels of factors VII and X activity and a shorter prothrombin time compared with fluid obtained from the less mature small follicles. Similar alterations in the levels of the inhibitory proteins antithrombin III and α2-macroglobulin were observed. Overall the amount of antithrombin III was similar to that in plasma, the levels of fibrinogen and factor X were approximately 2-fold lower, and the levels of factor VII and factor X were approximately 10-fold lower than in plasma. The fibrinolytic activity in follicular fluid was greater than the procoagulant or inhibitory activity. Plasminogen activator activity was 5-foid higher, while both plasminogen and antiplasmin values were similar to plasma levels.Key words: hemostasis, follicular fluid, bovine.

Thrombin-Antithrombin III Complexes in the Prediction of Deep Vein Thrombosis Following Total Hip Replacement

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (04) ◽  
pp. 1050-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Hoek ◽  
M T Nurmohamed ◽  
J W ten Cate ◽  
H R Büller ◽  
H C Knipscheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hip Surgery ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryIn 196 consecutive patients who underwent elective total hip surgery we investigated the diagnostic accuracy of the thrombinantithrombin III complex immunoassay, as assessed on the first, fourth and tenth postoperative day, for the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Patients received either LMWheparinoid (n = 97) or placebo (n = 99) and underwent contrast venography on the tenth postoperative day.Thrombin-antithrombin III (T-AT) plasma levels were raised in all patients on the first postoperative day and gradually decreased during the study period. T-AT plasma levels were significantly higher in patients developing DVT when compared to patients without DVT and remained so until day 10. This difference was apparent both in the LMW-heparinoid group as well as in the placebo-treated patients.ROC-curve analysis revealed no satisfactory discriminative power for the diagnosis of developing DVT at any of the studied cut-off values for T-AT.We conclude that the postoperative determination of T-AT complex plasma concentrations in hip surgery patients has no clinical utility in the prediction of postoperative DVT.

scholarly journals Hypercoagulability in centenarians: the paradox of successful aging

Blood ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 3144-3149 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mari ◽  
PM Mannucci ◽  
R Coppola ◽  
B Bottasso ◽  
KA Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Very Elderly ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Coagulation And Fibrinolysis

With advancing age, an increasing number of healthy individuals have laboratory signs of heightened coagulation enzyme activity. Such biochemical hypercoagulability might be the basis of either the increased thrombotic tendency occurring with age or a harmless manifestation of this process. To see whether these alterations are also present in the very elderly who had aged successfully, 25 healthy centenarians were studied and results of coagulation and fibrinolysis measurements were compared with those obtained in two control groups of healthy adults, 25 ranging in age from 18 to 50 years and 25 from 51 to 69 years. Older controls had, in general, slightly higher values of several coagulation and fibrinolysis measurements than younger controls. Centenarians had striking signs of heightened coagulation enzyme activity, as assessed directly by measuring activated factor VII in plasma (P < .01, compared with either control group) or indirectly by measuring the plasma levels of the activation peptides of prothrombin, factor IX, factor X, and thrombin-antithrombin complexes (all P < .001). Heightened coagulation enzyme activity was accompanied by signs of enhanced formation of fibrin (high fibrinopeptide A, P < .001) and secondary hyperfibrinolysis (high D-dimer and plasmin-antiplasmin complex, P < .001). Plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and factor VIII were higher than in controls, whereas other coagulation factors were not elevated. In conclusion, this study shows the very elderly do not escape the state of hypercoagulability associated with aging, but that this phenomenon is compatible with health and longevity. Hence, high plasma levels of the coagulation activation markers in older populations do not necessarily mirror a high risk of arterial or venous thrombosis.

Very Low Activated Factor VII and Reduced Factor VII Antigen in Familial Abetalipoproteinaemia

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (08) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Mitropoulos ◽  
M. N. Nanjee ◽  
D. J. Howarth ◽  
J. C. Martin ◽  
M. P. Esnouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Unesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Factor Xi ◽  
Activated Factor Vii ◽  
Normal Mean

SummaryAbetalipoproteinaemia is a rare disorder of apolipoprotein B metabolism associated with extremely low plasma concentrations of triglyce-ride. To discover whether the general positive association between factor VII and triglyceride levels extends to this condition, 5 patients were compared with 18 controls. All patients had a triglyceride below 100 μmol/l. Plasma unesterified fatty acid concentration was normal. Although factor IX activity was only slightly reduced (mean 88% standard) and factor IX antigen was normal, mean activated factor VII in patients was strikingly reduced to 34% of that in controls, a level similar to that found in haemophilia B. The patients’ mean factor VII activity and factor VII antigen were also significantly reduced to 54% and 63% of those in controls, respectively. Mean factor XI activity and tissue factor pathway inhibitor activity were reduced in patients to 70% and 75% of control values respectively, while factor XII, factor XI antigen, factor X, prothrombin and protein C were normal.

Parallel Reduction of Plasma Levels of High and Low Molecular Weight Kininogen in Patients with Cirrhosis

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1428-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Scott ◽  
Francesco Salerno ◽  
Elettra Lorenzano ◽  
Werner Müller-Esterl ◽  
Angelo Agostoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Major Band ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Normal Controls

SummaryLittle is known about the regulation of high-molecular-weight-kininogen (HK) and low-molecular-weight-kininogen (LK) or the relationship of each to the degree of liver function impairment in patients with cirrhosis. In this study, we evaluated HK and LK quantitatively by a recently described particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA) and qualitatively by SDS PAGE and immunoblotting analyses in plasma from 33 patients with cirrhosis presenting various degrees of impairment of liver function. Thirty-three healthy subjects served as normal controls. Patients with cirrhosis had significantly lower plasma levels of HK (median 49 μg/ml [range 22-99 μg/ml]) and LK (58 μg/ml [15-100 μg/ml]) than normal subjects (HK 83 μg/ml [65-115 μg/ml]; LK 80 μg/ml [45-120 μg/ml]) (p < 0.0001). The plasma concentrations of HK and LK were directly related to plasma levels of cholinesterase (P < 0.0001) and albumin (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001) and inversely to the Child-Pugh score (P < 0.0001) and to prothrombin time ratio (P < 0.0001) (reflecting the clinical and laboratory abnormalities in liver disease). Similar to normal individuals, in patients with cirrhosis, plasma HK and LK levels paralleled one another, suggesting that a coordinate regulation of those proteins persists in liver disease. SDS PAGE and immunoblotting analyses of kininogens in cirrhotic plasma showed a pattern similar to that observed in normal controls for LK (a single band at 66 kDa) with some lower molecular weight forms noted in cirrhotic plasma. A slight increase of cleavage of HK (a major band at 130 kDa and a faint but increased band at 107 kDa) was evident. The increased cleavage of HK was confirmed by the lower cleaved kininogen index (CKI), as compared to normal controls. These data suggest a defect in hepatic synthesis as well as increased destructive cleavage of both kininogens in plasma from patients with cirrhosis. The decrease of important regulatory proteins like kininogens may contribute to the imbalance in coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, which frequently occurs in cirrhotic patients.

The Effect of Antithrombin III on the Activity of the Coagulation Factors VII, IX and X

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Østerud ◽  
M Miller-Andersson ◽  
U Abildgaard ◽  
H Prydz
Keyword(s):  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Native Form ◽  
Factor Ixa ◽  
Plasma Factor

SummaryAntithrombin III, purified to homogeneity according to Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis, inhibited the activity of purified factor IXa and Xa, whereas factor VII was not inhibited either in the active or in the native form.Antithrombin III is the single most important inhibitor of factor Xa in plasma. Factor Xa does not, however, reduce the activity of antithrombin III against thrombin.

Plasma Thrombospondin as an Indicator of Intravascular Platelet Activation in Patients with Vasculitis

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 850-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B McCrohan ◽  
S W Huang ◽  
J W Sleasman ◽  
P A Klein ◽  
K J Kao
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Activation Marker ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe use of plasma thrombospondin (TSP) concentration was investigated as an indicator of intravascular platelet activation. Patients (n = 20) with diseases that have known vasculitis were included in the study. The range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of patients with vasculitis were 117 ng/ml to 6500 ng/ml and 791±1412 ng/ml (mean ± SD); the range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of control individuals (n = 33) were 13 ng/ml to 137 ng/ml and 59±29 ng/ml. When plasma TSP concentrations were correlated with plasma concentrations of another platelet activation marker, β-thromboglobulin (P-TG), it was found that the TSP concentration inei eased exponentially as the plasma β-TG level rose. A positive correlation between plasma levels of plasma TSP and serum fibrin degradation products was also observed. The results suggest that platelets are the primary source of plasma TSP in patients with various vasculitis and that plasma TSP can be a better indicator than β-TG to assess intravascular platelet activation due to its longer circulation half life.

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