scholarly journals Advantages of the rapid HIV-1 test in occupational accidents with potentially contaminated material among health workers

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcyone Artioli MACHADO ◽  
Roberto MARTINEZ ◽  
Amira Aparecida HAIKAL ◽  
Marta Cristina Vicente RODRIGUES DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Antiretroviral Agents ◽  
Conventional Elisa ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
The University ◽  
Hiv 1

In occupational accidents involving health professionals handling potentially contaminated material, the decision to start or to continue prophylactic medication against infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been based on the ELISA test applied to a blood sample from the source patient. In order to rationalize the prophylactic use of antiretroviral agents, a rapid serologic diagnostic test of HIV infection was tested by the enzymatic immunoabsorption method (SUDS HIV 1+2, MUREX®) and compared to conventional ELISA (Abbott HIV-1/ HIV-2 3rd Generation plus EIA®). A total of 592 cases of occupational accidents were recorded at the University Hospital of Ribeirão Preto from July 1998 to April 1999. Of these, 109 were simultaneously evaluated by the rapid test and by ELISA HIV. The rapid test was positive in three cases and was confirmed by ELISA and in one the result was inconclusive and later found to be negative by ELISA. In the 106 accidents in which the rapid test was negative no prophylactic medication was instituted, with an estimated reduction in costs of US$ 2,889.35. In addition to this advantage, the good correlation of the rapid test with ELISA, the shorter duration of stress and the absence of exposure of the health worker to the adverse effects of antiretroviral agents suggest the adoption of this test in Programs of Attention to Accidents with Potentially Contaminated Material.

scholarly journals [Availability and use of emergency services in Tunisia:main results of a comprihensive national survey]

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 805-811
Author(s):  
M. K. Chahed ◽  
N. Somrani ◽  
H. Achour
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Service ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Public Emergency ◽  
Use Of Emergency Services ◽  
The University

In order to assess hospital emergency rooms, a comprehensive national epidemiological investigation was conducted in all 155 public emergency structures in Tunisia. Here we present the main results of the levels of availability and use of emergency services. Coverage of the population by services is adequate [one emergency service per 60, 000 people]. Emergency wards admit about 2, 500, 000 patients every year [a quarter of the population of the country]. The university hospital emergency services are the most heavily used [150 patients per day on average]. Emergency services are sought for medical [60%], surgical [18%], paediatric [14%] and gynaecological reasons [5%]. It would be useful to assess the quality of care delivered and the satisfaction of citizens and health workers.

scholarly journals Dentistry during the COVID-19 Epidemic: An Italian Workflow for the Management of Dental Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Peditto ◽  
Simone Scapellato ◽  
Antonia Marcianò ◽  
Paola Costa ◽  
Giacomo Oteri
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University

The COVID-19 outbreak has raised concerns about infection control all over the world. Among health workers, dentists are particularly exposed to the COVID-19 infection risk. The aim of this paper is to present a workflow to manage dental procedures already in use at the Dental Unit of the University Hospital of Messina. The proposed workflow accounts for the many aspects of dental practitioners’ risk in the COVID-19 era, and focuses on the assessment of patient risk level, a two-phase dental procedure management (remote and face-to-face), and the use of specific preventive measures. No cases of COVID-19 infection were detected among patients and staff of the dental unit in a two-month period of time while using this protocol. This workflow seems a promising and effective solution to manage dental procedures during the COVID-19 outbreak, and could be implemented in both public and private practices until the emergency is contained.

scholarly journals Parasitological and immunological diagnoses of strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised children at Uberlândia, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Martins de PAULA ◽  
Elísio de CASTRO ◽  
Maria do Rosário de Fátima GONÇALVES-PIRES ◽  
Maria das Graças MARÇAL ◽  
Maria B. CAMPOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Test ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immunological Tests ◽  
Parasitological Diagnosis ◽  
Immunological Diagnosis ◽  
The University

Parasitological and immunological diagnoses were part of a study conducted among 151 children, 83 immunocompromised (IC) and 68 non-immunocompromised (non-IC) aged from zero to 12, seen at the University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from February, 1996, to June, 1998. Three fecal samples from each child were analyzed for the parasitological diagnosis by Baermann-Moraes and Lutz methods. The immunological diagnosis to detect IgG and IgM antibodies was carried out by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) with cryo-microtome sections of Strongyloides stercoralis and Strongyloides ratti larvae as antigens and by the ELISA test with an alkaline extract of S. ratti as the antigens. Of the 151 children 5 (3.31%) were infected with larvae of S. stercoralis (2 cases IC, 2.41%, and 3 cases non-IC, 4.41%). The IFAT-IgG detected 7 (8.43%) serum samples positive among IC, and 2 (2.94%) cases among non-IC. The ELISA-IgG test detected 10 (12.05%) serum samples positive among IC, and 1 (1.47%) case among non-IC. The IFAT-IgM detected 6 (7.22%) positive cases among IC, and 3 (4.41%) cases among non-IC. ELISA-IgM test detected 10 (12.05%) positive cases among IC, and 3 (4.41%) cases among non-IC. It was concluded that the immunological tests can help in the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised children.

scholarly journals Acidentes laborais e a construção coletiva de um protocolo assistencial

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Márcia Astrês Fernandes ◽  
Keyla Maria Pereira de Sousa ◽  
Iara Jéssica Barreto Silva ◽  
Narlene Fontenelle Basílio da Silva ◽  
Ana Virginia Uchoa Prado Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Occupational Accident ◽  
Implementation Stages ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
The University

RESUMOObjetivo: discorrer sobre a implantação e implementação de um protocolo para atendimento pós-acidente de trabalho com material biológico por perfurocortante. Método: trata-se de estudo qualitativo, descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência. Resultados: iniciou-se em 2013, a implantação do protocolo para atendimento pós-acidente de trabalho com material biológico, a partir do qual passou por várias etapas de implementação. Informa-se que, o fluxograma versa sobre as orientações quanto aos cuidados locais, imediatamente após o acidente, atendimento médico para avaliação da lesão e da exposição, recomendações profiláticas em tempo hábil após exposição, solicitação de sorologias do acidentado e paciente-fonte, quando possível acompanhamento sorológico do acidentado após exposição e emissão da Comunicação de Acidente de Traballho. Conclusão: mostraram-se que, apesar das dificuldades para implementação do protocolo, a experiência foi exitosa e o fluxo de atendimento pós-acidente com material biológico desfruta de diversos avanços importantes para a saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores do hospital universitário em questão. Descritores: Saúde do Trabalhador; Enfermagem; Acidentes de Trabalho; Exposição a Agentes Biológicos; Prevenção de Acidentes; Notificação de Acidente de Trabalho.ABSTRACT Objective: to discuss the deployment and implementation of a protocol for care after occupational accident with biological material from needle-sharp instruments. Method: this is a qualitative, descriptive study, of the experience-report type. Results: in 2013, the deployment of the protocol for care after occupational accident with biological material, from which it passed through various implementation stages. The flowchart describes the guidelines regarding local care, immediately after the accident, medical care to evaluate the lesion and the exposure, prophylactic recommendations in a timely manner after exposure, request for serology of the casualty and patient-source, when possible, serological follow-up of the casualty after exposure and issuance of the Occupational Accident Communication. Conclusion: despite the difficulties for implementing the Protocol, the experience was successful and the flow of the care after accident with biological material includes several important advances for workers’ health and safety at the university hospital in question. Descriptors: Occupational Health; Nursing; Occupational Accidents; Exposure to Biological Agents; Accident Prevention; Occupational Accidents Notification.RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la implantación y aplicación de un protocolo para el cuidado post-accidente laboral con material biológico por perforantes/cortantes. Método: este es un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo del tipo relato de experiencia. Resultados: se inició en 2013, la implementación del protocolo para el cuidado post-accidentes laborales con material biológico, pasando por distintas fases de ejecución. El diagrama de flujo versa sobre las directrices relativas a los cuidados, inmediatamente después del accidente, la asistencia médica para la evaluación de la lesión y de la exposición, la profilaxis con recomendaciones en forma oportuna después de la exposición, la solicitud de serología del accidentado y el paciente-fuente, cuando posible, el seguimiento serológico del accidentado después de la exposición y la emisión de la Comunicación de Accidente Laboral. Conclusión: a pesar de las dificultades para la aplicación del Protocolo, la experiencia fue exitosa y el flujo de atención post-accidente con material biológico incluye varios avances importantes para la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores en el hospital de la universidad en cuestión. Descriptores: Salud Laboral; Enfermería; Accidentes Laborales; Exposición a Agentes Biológicos; Prevención de Accidentes; Notificación de Accidentes Laborales.

scholarly journals Neutralizing antibodies in Brazilian sera against three strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcyone Artioli MACHADO ◽  
Ivan HIRSCH ◽  
José Fernando de Castro Figueiredo ◽  
Roberto Martinez ◽  
Jean Claude CHERMANN
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Universal Vaccine ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
The University ◽  
Adult Volunteers ◽  
Hiv 1

The MN strain of HIV-1 is known to be more prevalent in Brazil, the BRU strain is more prevalent in Europe, and the NDK strain in Africa. It has been suggested in the literature to include different strains in the same vaccine against HIV-1. To contribute to the studies for the development of a universal vaccine, the occurrence of antibodies (Ab) against three HIV-1 strains (MN, BRU and NDK) was determined in serum samples from 85 HIV-1-positive patients, adult volunteers seen at the University Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto-USP. One-hundred tissue culture infective unit (TCIU) of the viruses reacted with serial dilutions of the sera (2x) and with MT4 cells added at a final concentration of 0.3 × 106 cells/ml, and a cytopathic effect was observed on the 7th and 11th days of incubation. Titres of less than 1/50 were considered to be negative. In 129 tests, the sera were negative for one of the three strains: 40 for MN, 29 for BRU and 60 for NDK. There was a predominance of strains MN and BRU, most of them presenting titres from 1/50 to 1/200. Titres for NDK were detected in 25 sera. We conclude that there seems to be a predominance of strains MN and BRU among the individuals from the region tested; however, the detection of sera with positive NKD titres indicates the need for further studies of this strain in other populations and regions of Brazil

scholarly journals Evaluation of Two Rapid Antigenic Tests for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Swabs

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2774
Author(s):  
Ysaline Seynaeve ◽  
Justine Heylen ◽  
Corentin Fontaine ◽  
François Maclot ◽  
Cécile Meex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
The University

(1) Background: In the current context of the COVID-19 crisis, there is a need for fast, easy-to-use, and sensitive diagnostic tools in addition to molecular methods. We have therefore decided to evaluate the performance of newly available antigen detection kits in “real-life” laboratory conditions. (2) Methods: The sensitivity and specificity of two rapid diagnostic tests (RDT)—the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip from Coris Bioconcept, Belgium (CoRDT), and the coronavirus antigen rapid test cassette from Healgen Scientific, LLC, USA (HeRDT)—were evaluated on 193 nasopharyngeal samples using RT-PCR as the gold standard. (3) Results: The sensitivity obtained for HeRDT was 88% for all collected samples and 91.1% for samples with Ct ≤ 31. For the CoRDT test, the sensitivity obtained was 62% for all collected samples and 68.9% for samples with Ct ≤ 31. (4) Conclusions: Despite the excellent specificity obtained for both kits, the poor sensitivity of the CoRDT did not allow for its use in the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. HeRDT satisfied the World Health Organization’s performance criteria for rapid antigen detection tests. Its high sensitivity, quick response, and ease of use allowed for the implementation of HeRDT at the laboratory of the University Hospital of Liège.

scholarly journals Child malnutrition in Toamasina hospital: the determining role of the socio economic conditions of the mother

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Emile Kasy ◽  
Arthur Ratsimbazafy ◽  
Judicael Andriafanjanomenjanahary ◽  
Andry Maharo Andrianarivelo ◽  
Van Cuong Miora Anissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Nutritional Recovery ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
The University ◽  
Hospital Center

Background: The severe malnutrition is the background of infant mortality in Toamasina region. In spite of the efforts given to the care of those undernourished, this medical scourge always clamps down in national scale. A wider look shows that it is not only a health problem but also socio economic. Our study has as goal to detect the degree of influence of socio economic conditions of mothers about nutritional and weights condition of the childrenespecially in hospitals.Methods: We led a cross descriptive retrospective study based on hospitalized children records in Intensive Nutritional Recovery Center (INRC) of the University Hospital Center (UHC) of Toamasina during 2017.Results: 150 children have been included in the study. The average age of children is 11 months and there is no particular difference found concerning their gender. The breastfeeding was found in most of the case (90%). Concerning the mother, the average age is 21, 5. Those mothers were singles in 76.67% of the cases and practiced informal activities in 62% of the cases. We have deplored 3 deaths during our study period.Conclusions: The poor socio economic condition of the mothers influences considerably the risk to expose the children less than 5 years to the malnutrition. A combined action between health workers and economists is compulsory so as to get through this scourge.

Evaluation of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Chlamydia Trachomatis in Urogenital Specimens

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A J W Kluytmans ◽  
A H van der Willigen ◽  
B Y M van Heyst ◽  
W I van der Meyden ◽  
E Stolz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The University

Chlamydiazyme® (Abbott), an enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA), was evaluated using cell culture on Hela 229 cells as the method of reference. Samples were acquired from 611 female and 280 male patients attending the outpatient clinic for sexually transmitted disease at the University Hospital in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The prevalences of chlamydia culture-positive female and male patients were 7.8% and 14.4% respectively. The overall sensitivity and specificity values of the EIA were respectively 68.1% and 95.8% in the female and 92.1% and 92.0% in the male population. Samples which were culture-negative but EIA-positive were re-examined by a second direct test (IDEA; Boots Celltech). If the samples from 12 females and 11 males which were negative on culture but positive with both direct tests are considered as failures of cell culture, the sensitivity of the EIA in females almost equalled cell culture (74.6% versus 79.9%) and in males was even higher (93.9% versus 77.6%). Serotyping of the cultured strains revealed that all serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis occurring in this study could be detected by the EIA. The EIA offers a relatively simple and rapid test for diagnosis of C. trachomatis infections in high-risk populations.

scholarly journals Performance Characteristics of a Rapid New Immunochromatographic Test for Detection of Antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ribeiro-Rodrigues ◽  
Lauro Ferreira da Silva Pinto Neto ◽  
Carla B. Cunha ◽  
Valéria P. Cabral ◽  
Reynaldo Dietze
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT A new immunochromatographic rapid test (Rapid Check HIV 1&2; Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas) for the detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 in human samples (whole blood, serum, and plasma) was evaluated and compared to the commercially available Determine (Abbott Laboratories). When whole-blood samples were evaluated, the specificity and sensitivity of both tests were 100%. However, when plasma samples were used, sensitivity for the Rapid Check HIV 1&2 and the Determine tests were 100 and 98.58%, respectively. The observed specificity for plasma samples was 98.94% for the Rapid Check HIV 1&2 and 96.97% for the Determine test. The results presented here are encouraging and support the adoption of both tests as an alternative to enzyme-lined immunosorbent assay and/or Western blots in regions where laboratorial infrastructure is not available or for use in the management of occupational accidents for healthcare workers.

scholarly journals Exposição das Equipes de Enfermagem aos Riscos Ocupacionais Causados por Resíduos Biológicos no Hospital Universitário em São Luís do Maranhão, Brasil

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-267
Author(s):  
Helone Eloísa Frazão Guimarães Faray ◽  
Everton Ferreira Lemos ◽  
Rosemary Matias ◽  
Arlindo Faray Vieira ◽  
Eduardo de Castro Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Assistants ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
The University ◽  
Nursing Professionals

As atividades de trabalho dos profissionais de enfermagem estão sujeitas a riscos e situações geradoras de desgaste do profissional, contribuindo para ocorrência de doenças e contaminação do ambiente. Objetivou-se analisar os riscos ocupacionais relacionados aos resíduos biológicos hospitalares presentes no cotidiano das equipes de enfermagem dos diferentes setores hospitalares do cuidado à criança, associado ao tempo de serviço. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza aplicada com abordagem quantitativa de caráter descritivo exploratório, transversal, realizada no Hospital Universitário em São Luís do Maranhão, onde a equipe de enfermagem é composta por enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem. Foi aplicado questionários a 98 profissionais de enfermagem que compõem a unidade de saúde da criança do hospital universitário em São Luís do Maranhão, no ano de 2018. Em relação aos acidentes de trabalho sofridos pelos profissionais que possuem menos de cinco anos de serviço, a categoria enfermeiro apresentou maior percentual (31,6%), seguido pelo técnico de enfermagem (21,6%). A maioria dos trabalhadores (75,6%) que relataram ter recebido treinamento em serviço não se acidentaram. Medidas preventivas e estratégias de educação em saúde devem ser assimiladas entre profissionais de enfermagem, sobre o manejo adequado de resíduos e incentivar a implementação de precauções para minimizar a ocorrência de agravos que comprometem a saúde e atividades laborais desenvolvidas no seu ambiente, bem como orientações sobre as consequências dos acidentes de trabalho.   Palavras-chave: Acidentes de Trabalho. Enfermagem. Ambiente Hospitalar.  Abstract The work activities of nursing professionals are subject to risks and situations that generate professional wear, contributing to the occurrence of diseases and the environment contamination. The objective was to analyze the occupational risks related to hospital biological waste present in the daily lives of nursing teams from different childcare sectors hospital. It is a research of an applied nature with a quantitative approach of an exploratory, cross-sectional descriptive character, carried out at the University Hospital in São Luís do Maranhão, where the nursing team is composed of nurses, technicians and nursing assistants. Questionnaires were applied to 98 nursing professionals who made up the child health unit of the university hospital in São Luís do Maranhão, in the year 2018. Regarding occupational accidents suffered by professionals who have less than five years of service, the category of nurse presented a higher percentage (31.6%) followed by a nursing technician (21.6%). Most workers (75.6%) who reported having received on-the-job training did not have an accident. Preventive measures and health education strategies must be assimilated among nursing professionals, regarding the adequate waste management and encourage the  precautions implementation to minimize the occurrence of injuries that compromise health and work activities carried out in their environment, as well as guidance on the consequences of accidents at work.   Keywords: Accidents at Work. Nursing. Hospital Environment.

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