scholarly journals Preliminary report of HIV and Toxoplasma gondii occurrence in pregnant women from Mozambique

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Paula Benedito Luis Sitoe ◽  
Bernardete Rafael ◽  
Luciana Regina Meireles ◽  
Heitor Franco de Andrade Jr. ◽  
Ricardo Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Hiv Patients

Toxoplasmosis, a protozoan disease, causes severe disease in fetuses during pregnancy and deadly encephalitis in HIV patients. There are several studies on its seroprevalence around the world, but studies focusing on African countries are limited in number and mostly anecdotal. We studied two groups of samples from Mozambique by ELISA, using serum samples from 150 pregnant women and six Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from AIDS patients with encephalitis. HIV status was confirmed, and CD4 blood counts were obtained from HIV-positive pregnant women. IgG seroprevalence of the group as a whole was 18.7% (28/150), with a higher prevalence in HIV-positive individuals compared to those who were HIV-negative (31.3%, [18/58] vs. 10.9%, [10/92]) patients. These data may be biased due to cumulative effects of exposition affecting disease prevalence. If corrected, this data may indicate an interaction of HIV and T. gondii. Prevalence of both diseases increases with age, but this is more clearly seen for toxoplasmosis (p < 0.005) than HIV infection, possibly explained by higher transmission of HIV after childhood. In HIV patients suffering from encephalitis, CSF serology showed that 33% of specific IgG CSF had a high avidity, which was in accordance with the data from the group of pregnant women. Lower prevalence rates of both infections in older groups could be explained by more deaths in the infected groups, resulting in an artificially lower prevalence. Using CD4 counts as a marker of time of HIV infection, and correcting for age, patients with contact with T. gondii had fewer CD4 cells, suggesting prolonged HIV disease or other causes. Toxoplasma IgG prevalence is higher in HIV+ groups, which could be ascribed to HIV- and T. gondii-associated risk factors, such as exposure to higher and more diverse social contacts. The low incidence of Toxoplasma IgG in younger age groups shows that transmission could be related to better access to cyst-containing meat in adulthood, as environmental transmission due to oocysts is usually blamed for higher incidence in children. Taken together, these data support the urgent need of research in toxoplasmosis in Africa, especially in the presence of HIV epidemics.

Lack of Medical Support in HIV Infection and Unstable Mood States

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-639
Author(s):  
Motoko Hayashi ◽  
Isao Fukunishi
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Medical Support ◽  
Hiv Patients

This study examined what kinds of social support are related to mood states in a sample of 50 HIV-positive patients without AIDS (46 men and 4 women; M age 36.5 yr., SD = 9.8). In the early stage of HIV infection, HIV patients without AIDS may be prone to depressive symptoms although none of these HIV-positive patients' symptoms fulfilled the DSM-III-R Mood Disorders including Major Depression. The depressive symptoms were not significantly related to lack of ordinary social support such as friends and family but were significantly associated with dissatisfaction with HIV/AIDS-related medical support

scholarly journals The rarity of gonococcal arthritis in association with HIV infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (09) ◽  
pp. 1222-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha Maharaj ◽  
Girish M Mody
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Skin Rash ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Acute Arthritis ◽  
Gonococcal Urethritis ◽  
The Right

Gonococcal urethritis is common with HIV, but gonococcal arthritis is rare. We report two HIV-positive patients with gonococcal arthritis and review previously published reports. A 27-year-old HIV-positive female presented with a pustular skin rash and acute oligoarthritis. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was cultured from the right elbow aspirate. The second patient, a 24-year-old HIV-positive female on zidovudine for one month, presented at 28 weeks gestation with acute oligoarthritis and peroneal tenosynovitis. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was cultured from the throat swab. Both patients responded to ceftriaxone. Gonococcal arthritis must be considered in HIV patients with acute arthritis.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Infection in An HIV-Positive Patient

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
Hulya Caskurlu ◽  
Yasemin Cag
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Continuous Access

The COVID-19 pandemic affects all age groups but follows a more mortal trajectory in patients with preexisting conditions such as immune deficiency, chronic lung disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular problems. Hence, HIV-positive patients with immune deficiency are at risk, therefore, these patients need to have continuous access to treatment during the pandemic. The number of defined COVID-19 positive HIV patients is very limited even though there are approximately 37.9 million HIV-positive patients globally. Therefore, we decided to publish this study reporting an HIV patient treated for COVID-19 in our clinic.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma-IgM and IgG-avidity in single samples from areas with a high infection rate can determine the risk of mother-to-child transmission

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrian Morussi Reis ◽  
Maria Madalena Tessaro ◽  
Pedro Alves D'Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serologic Marker ◽  
Igg Avidity ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Infected Newborn

Anti-Toxoplasma IgG-avidity was determined in 168 serum samples from IgG- and IgM-positive pregnant women at various times during pregnancy, in order to evaluate the predictive value for risk of mother-to-child transmission in a single sample, taking the limitations of conventional serology into account. The neonatal IgM was considered the serologic marker of transmission. Fluorometric tests for IgG, IgM (immunocapture) and IgG-avidity were performed. Fifty-one of the 128 pregnant women tested gave birth in the hospital and neonatal IgM was obtained. The results showed 32 (62.75%) pregnant women having high avidity, IgM indexes between 0.6 and 2.4, and no infected newborn. Nineteen (37.25%) had low or inconclusive avidity, IgM indexes between 0.6 and 11.9, and five infected newborns and one stillbirth. In two infected newborns and the stillbirth maternal IgM indexes were low and in one infected newborn the only maternal parameter that suggested fetal risk was IgG-avidity. In the present study, IgG-avidity performed in single samples from positive IgM pregnant women helped to determine the risk of transmission at any time during pregnancy, especially when the indexes of the two tests were analysed with respect to gestational age. This model may be less expensive in developing countries where there is a high prevalence of infection than the follow-up of susceptible mothers until childbirth with monthly serology, and it creates a new perspective for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the New Elecsys Toxo IgG Avidity Assay for Toxoplasmosis and New Insights into the Interpretation of Avidity Results

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1838-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Benjamin Murat ◽  
Coralie L'Ollivier ◽  
Hélène Fricker Hidalgo ◽  
Jacqueline Franck ◽  
Hervé Pelloux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Avidity Assay ◽  
Igg Avidity ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACTDetection and treatment of acute toxoplasmosis during pregnancy can avoid severe disease of the fetus. In this context, assessment of anti-ToxoplasmaIgG avidity has been shown to exclude recent infection. The Elecsys Toxo IgG and IgM assays (Roche Diagnostics) have been validated for screening pregnant women and a new assay, Elecsys Toxo IgG Avidity, was recently developed. Our aims were to investigate the performance characteristics of this new avidity assay and explore whether additional information can be provided by avidity assays. The Elecsys assay was compared with the Vidas (bioMérieux) and Architect (Abbott) Avidity assays using two sets of serum samples (n= 291 andn= 255). The rate of general agreement between the Elecsys and Vidas assays was 74%, and that between the Elecsys and Architect assays was 83%. For 11% of the serum samples, avidity was high with the Vidas assay and within the gray zone with the Elecsys assay. None of the assays detected high-avidity antibodies in serum taken <4 months after infection. Avidity values of >90% were exclusively reported in sera taken >9 months after infection by the Elecsys and Architect assays. Almost all avidities of <19% with the Elecsys assay and <17% with the Architect assay corresponded to sera taken <3 and <2 months after infection, respectively. The Elecsys IgG Avidity assay can be used to exclude recent infection. New ways of interpreting the avidity result are also suggested: very high or low values could exclude infections within the last 9 months or help to confirm a recent infection, respectively. However, these potential interpretations require further investigation.

scholarly journals Age-related clonal haematopoiesis is more prevalent in older adults with HIV: the ARCHIVE study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Dawson ◽  
Nila Dharan ◽  
Paul Yeh ◽  
Mark Bloch ◽  
Miriam Yeung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract People with HIV have higher rates of certain comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease and some malignancies, than people without HIV. As somatic mutations associated with age related clonal haematopoiesis (CH) are linked to similar comorbidities in the general population, we hypothesized that CH may be more prevalent in people with HIV. To address this issue, we established a prospective cohort study recruiting 220 HIV-positive and 226 HIV negative participants aged 55 years or older in Australia. Demographic characteristics, clinical data and peripheral blood were collected to assess for the presence of CH mutations and identify potential risk factors for and clinical sequelae of CH. Investigators testing for CH were blinded to participants’ HIV status. In total, 132 CH mutations were identified in 99 (22.2%) of 446 participants. CH was more prevalent in HIV-positive participants than HIV-negative participants (27.7% vs. 16.8%, p =0.006), overall and across all age groups. HIV infection was associated with an increased odds of having CH (adjusted odds ratio 2.10, 95% confidence interval 1.30-3.38, p=0.002). The most common genes mutated were DNMT3A (48.5%), TET2(20.5%) and ASXL1 (11.4%). CH and HIV infection were independently associated with increases in blood parameters and biomarkers associated with inflammation. These data suggest a selective advantage for the emergence of CH in the context of chronic infection and inflammation related to HIV infection.

scholarly journals Scenerio of HIV patients reported to University Kebangsaan Medical Centre during 2006-2009

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
WK Ken ◽  
MR Norzuriza ◽  
I Isahak ◽  
SS Azura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Keywords Hiv

Objective: A study was undertaken to identify the HIV-positive cases from suspected patients reported to University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) from January, 2006 to December; 2009. Methods: Cases were identified and confirmed by three established sero-diagnostic tests: Micro particulate Enzyme Immunoassay, Passive Particle Agglutination Test and Line Immunoassay. Results: A total of 256 HIV positive patients were identified and highlighted about their age, sex, ethnic origin and year wise distribution of cases. Frequency distribution of HIV-positive cases among different age groups indicated that, 144 (%) were aged between 21 to 40 years, 81 (%) were aged 41 to 60, 19 (%) were aged above 60 and 12 (%) were in the age group of 0-20 years. It revealed that the highest number of HIV-positive patients was in the age group of 21-40 years. Among the 4 groups of people living in Malaysia, HIV infection was found more in Chinese community (101), followed by Malaya community (97), Other community (Sikhs, tribes, foreigners) living in Malaysia (30) and Indian community (28). A total of 179 male and 77 female were positive for HIV infection. Monthly records of case detection indicate more or less similar prevalence pattern throughout the study period. Conclusions: It reveals from the report that the Malysian patients are mostly infected at the adulthood unlike other countries where majority of infections occur in young age .A high percent of HIV infection in males in the country indicates that they might played a vital role in carrying and disseminating infectiions to their female parterners. Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Sero-diagnosis; Socio-demographic profile; Malaysia. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v10i1.7315 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.1 Jan 2010 pp.21-28  

scholarly journals Clinicopathologic Comparison of Plasmablastic Lymphoma in HIV-Positive Versus HIV-Negative Patients: Single-Center Experience

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 1864-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jule Vasquez ◽  
Jorge Huamanchumo ◽  
Shirley Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Plasmablastic Lymphoma ◽  
Aggressive Lymphoma ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background: Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an aggressive lymphoma associated mainly to HIV infection, although cases in immunocompetent patients are described as well. Objective: To describe the prevalence, the clinicopathologic features and determine the overall survival of lymphoma patients according human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. Methods: We reviewed the pathology database at Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas (INEN), the leading cancer center of Peru from 2005 to 2014. 6218 cases were lymphomas, 5031 cases were Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 3905 cases were B-cell lineage. 22 met diagnosis of PBL, 4 patients were excluded (1 prior treatment, 1 synchronous malignancy and 2 incomplete medical records). Finally, we had 18 cases for evaluation. Survival curves were estimated by Kaplan Meier. Statistical analysis was based on SPSS Program version 22. Results: The prevalence of PBL was 0.004% of all Non-Hodgkin lymphomas and 0.005% of B-cell lymphomas. 13 of 18 cases (72.2%) were HIV-positive patients (PBL-HIV+). The median age for PBL-HIV+ was 37 years (range 22-67 years) and 58 years (range 53-74 years) for HIV-negative patients (PBL-HIV-).The extra-oral primary was the most frequent primary site in both groups. The advanced stage was 80% in PBL-HIV- patients. Presence of B-symptoms and Ki-67>80% were greater in PBL-HIV- patients. CHOP or CHOP-like regimen was the common treatment in both groups, only one patient received DA-EPOCH (PBL-HIV+ group). HAART-naïve patients were 77%. The median OS time was 43 months (range 1-84 months) in PBL-HIV+ patients and 13 months (range 0-15 months) in PBL-VIH- patients, the 5-yrs-OS was 26.9% y 0% respectively. Conclusions: Plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare lymphoma, either associated or not to HIV infection. Advanced and aggressive disease is a distinctive feature in both lymphomas. The PBL-HIV- has a worse prognosis with shorter overall survival compared to the PBL-HIV+ patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Clinicopathologic Comparison of Plasmablastic Lymphoma Patients According HIV-Status: Peruvian Experience

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
Jule F Vasquez ◽  
Cesar Samanez-Figari ◽  
Lourdes Lopez ◽  
Shirley Quintana ◽  
Rolig Aliaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background:Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an aggressive lymphoma associated mainly to HIV infection, although cases in immunocompetent patients are described as well. Objective:To describe the clinicopathologic features and determine the overall survival of lymphoma patients according human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status in Peruvian patients. Methods:We reviewed the pathology databases of 2 cancer centers and a general hospital from Peru. Forty cases were documented between 2005 and 2020. Categorical variables were compared using Fisher's exact test. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Statistical analysis was based on SPSS Program version 23. All cases were reviewed by two pathologists. Results:32 patients (80%) were HIV-positive. The median age for the whole cohort was 40 years (range, 22-86). The median age for HIV-positive and HIV-negative PBL patients were 37 years (range 22-67 years) and 57 years (range 27-86 years), respectively. The proportion of patients ≥60 years was lower in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative patients (8% and 37%, respectively; p= 0.046). 80% of patients in the whole cohort were female, and 84% and 62% in the HIV-positive and HIV-negative group, respectively. Extra-oral primary sites were the most frequent primary sites in both groups (66% and 88%, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in Ann Arbor stage, Ki-67 expression, LDH levels, IPI scores, albumin levels, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. All cases showed large lymphoid cells, of plasmablastic morphology with expression of at least one plasma cell marker (CD138, CD38, MUM1), CD45 positivity, variable expression of EMA, CD79 and CD30 and absence of expression of CD20, CD3, CD68 and LMP1; the proliferative index Ki67 varied between 60 and 90%. A small proportion of patients (18%) did not receive chemotherapy because of poor performance status or a personal decision. DA-EPOCH regimen was used in 52% and 25% of HIV+ and HIV- patients, respectively and CHOP/CHOEP regimen in 48 % and 75%, respectively. The overall response rate was 68% and 57% in HIV+ and HIV- patients with complete response (CR) in 32% and 14%, respectively. In the HIV-positive group, 66% of patients were antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 38 months and 7 months for HIV+ and HIV- patients, and the 1-year PFS was 74% and 0%, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) was 43 months (range 0.2-86.5) in HIV-positive patients and 10 months (range 0.5-19.0 months) in HIV-negative patients and the 1-year OS were 59% y 38%, respectively (p=0.27). Conclusions: PBL is a rare lymphoma, specially, if not related to HIV infection. In this study, 60 years or older was the only variable that showed significant difference. In our cohort, HIV-positive patients had better prognosis than HIV-negative PBL patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Introduction to Measurement of Avidity of Anti-Coxiella burnetii IgG in Diagnosis of Q Fever

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa Luciani ◽  
Coralie L’Ollivier ◽  
Matthieu Million ◽  
Bernard Amphoux ◽  
Sophie Edouard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Avidity Test ◽  
Antigen Complex

ABSTRACT Due to the atypical serological profile of some patients with primary Q fever infection who do not develop IgM against Coxiella burnetii, we developed an avidity test to distinguish recent or past infections. We tested 39 serum samples by immunofluorescence with conventional assay and after urea treatment from 26 patients at different stages of the disease. We observed a strong avidity in the 15 serum samples from patients with infections of >6 months and a low avidity for sera from patients with recent infections. A complete denaturation of the antibody-antigen complex was observed for patients for whom the time since the beginning of infection was <1 month and a mean of 2.06 ± 0.54 lowered titers when the infection was less than 3 months old. That was statistically significant compared to sera from patients with infections of greater than 6 months (mean 0.20 ± 0.41) and with infections between 3 and 6 months (mean, 1.17 ± 0.41) (P = 0.0022 and P < 0.0001, respectively). These results were visualized by Western blotting. We concluded that high avidity (≤1 lowered titer) ruled out infection during the last 6 months and that complete denaturation was related to an infection which had occurred within the previous 3 months. Between these two situations, the avidity test is inconclusive. We suggest using an avidity test for atypical Q fever serology that could be misclassified as residual antibodies (IgG against C. burnetii detected without active or recent infection) and for pregnant women risking obstetrical complications. This new test will dramatically improve the diagnosis and management of patients with Q fever.

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