scholarly journals Age-related clonal haematopoiesis is more prevalent in older adults with HIV: the ARCHIVE study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Dawson ◽  
Nila Dharan ◽  
Paul Yeh ◽  
Mark Bloch ◽  
Miriam Yeung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract People with HIV have higher rates of certain comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease and some malignancies, than people without HIV. As somatic mutations associated with age related clonal haematopoiesis (CH) are linked to similar comorbidities in the general population, we hypothesized that CH may be more prevalent in people with HIV. To address this issue, we established a prospective cohort study recruiting 220 HIV-positive and 226 HIV negative participants aged 55 years or older in Australia. Demographic characteristics, clinical data and peripheral blood were collected to assess for the presence of CH mutations and identify potential risk factors for and clinical sequelae of CH. Investigators testing for CH were blinded to participants’ HIV status. In total, 132 CH mutations were identified in 99 (22.2%) of 446 participants. CH was more prevalent in HIV-positive participants than HIV-negative participants (27.7% vs. 16.8%, p =0.006), overall and across all age groups. HIV infection was associated with an increased odds of having CH (adjusted odds ratio 2.10, 95% confidence interval 1.30-3.38, p=0.002). The most common genes mutated were DNMT3A (48.5%), TET2(20.5%) and ASXL1 (11.4%). CH and HIV infection were independently associated with increases in blood parameters and biomarkers associated with inflammation. These data suggest a selective advantage for the emergence of CH in the context of chronic infection and inflammation related to HIV infection.

scholarly journals Age-related clonal haematopoiesis is more prevalent in older adults with HIV: the ARCHIVE study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nila J. Dharan ◽  
Paul Yeh ◽  
Mark Bloch ◽  
Miriam Yeung ◽  
David Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Hiv Negative

AbstractPeople with HIV have higher rates of certain comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease and some malignancies, than people without HIV. As somatic mutations associated with age-related clonal haematopoiesis (CH) are linked to similar comorbidities in the general population, we hypothesized that CH may be more prevalent in people with HIV. To address this issue, we established a prospective cohort study recruiting 220 HIV-positive and 226 HIV-negative participants aged 55 years or older in Australia. Demographic characteristics, clinical data and peripheral blood were collected to assess for the presence of CH mutations and identify potential risk factors for and clinical sequelae of CH. Investigators testing for CH were blinded to participants’ HIV status. In total, 132 CH mutations were identified in 99 (22.2%) of 446 participants. CH was more prevalent in HIV-positive participants than HIV-negative participants (27.7% vs. 16.8%, p =0.006), overall and across all age groups. HIV infection was associated with an increased odds of having CH (adjusted odds ratio 2.10, 95% confidence interval 1.30-3.38, p=0.002). The most common genes mutated were DNMT3A (48.5%), TET2 (20.5%) and ASXL1 (11.4%). CH and HIV infection were independently associated with increases in blood parameters and biomarkers associated with inflammation. These data suggest a selective advantage for the emergence of CH in the context of chronic infection and inflammation related to HIV infection.

Sleep Disturbances Associated with Age and HIV

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Vance ◽  
Joe W. Burrage
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

Sleep disturbances are common in normal people of several age groups and those with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease. In a secondary analysis of data, 50 HIV-positive and 50 HIV-negative adults between 30 and 65 years old responded to 5 items about sleep. No statistically significant differences by HIV status or age group were found.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of High Carcinogenic Risk of HPV Genotypes among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative MSM from Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ilia Beliakov ◽  
Maria Senina ◽  
Yuriy Tyulenev ◽  
Elena Novoselova ◽  
Viktor Surovtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Negative

Objective. Men who have sex with men (MSM) have a high risk of lifelong anal cancer caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anal canal HR HPV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) with and without HIV infection in Moscow (Russia). We evaluated associations of some HIV coinfections (HSV and CMV) and HPV distribution among MSM with and without HIV infection. Methods. Two groups of HIV-positive (n = 60) and HIV-negative (n = 60) MSM were evaluated in the study. Fourteen high-risk (HR) HPV types, HSV1/2, and CMV were investigated in men anal swabs. Results. HR HPVs were found with nearly the same frequency of 66.7% in both groups: HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM. HIV-positive status was statistically associated with the presence of several (more than two) HPV types ( p = 0.044 ). The most prevalent HR HPV genotypes were HPV18, HPV16, HPV56, and HPV33 for HIV-positive MSM and HPV56, HPV51, HPV66, and HPV16 for HIV-negatives. We found a statistically significant association of five HR HPV types with HIV status of MSM: HPV16 ( p = 0.028 ), HPV18 ( p = 0.00006 ), HPV58 ( p = 0.003 ), HPV33 ( p = 0.019 ), and HPV39 ( p = 0.026 ). The frequency of HSV1 (1.7%) and HSV2 (10%) infections and CMV (3.3%) infection was evaluated in the group of HIV-positive MSM. The frequency of HSV1 (5%) and HSV2 (6.7%) infections and CMV (0%) infection was evaluated, as well, in the group of HIV-negative MSM. Conclusion. Multiple HPV genotypes were detected significantly more often than single HPV genotype in the group of HIV-positive MSM. According to our data, 25% of HIV-positive MSM have HPV39; this is the only one of the five types of HR HPV (16, 18, 58, 33, and 39) associated with this group of MSM that has not yet been included in the HPV vaccines available on the market.

Clinicopathologic Comparison of Plasmablastic Lymphoma Patients According HIV-Status: Peruvian Experience

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
Jule F Vasquez ◽  
Cesar Samanez-Figari ◽  
Lourdes Lopez ◽  
Shirley Quintana ◽  
Rolig Aliaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background:Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an aggressive lymphoma associated mainly to HIV infection, although cases in immunocompetent patients are described as well. Objective:To describe the clinicopathologic features and determine the overall survival of lymphoma patients according human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status in Peruvian patients. Methods:We reviewed the pathology databases of 2 cancer centers and a general hospital from Peru. Forty cases were documented between 2005 and 2020. Categorical variables were compared using Fisher's exact test. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Statistical analysis was based on SPSS Program version 23. All cases were reviewed by two pathologists. Results:32 patients (80%) were HIV-positive. The median age for the whole cohort was 40 years (range, 22-86). The median age for HIV-positive and HIV-negative PBL patients were 37 years (range 22-67 years) and 57 years (range 27-86 years), respectively. The proportion of patients ≥60 years was lower in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative patients (8% and 37%, respectively; p= 0.046). 80% of patients in the whole cohort were female, and 84% and 62% in the HIV-positive and HIV-negative group, respectively. Extra-oral primary sites were the most frequent primary sites in both groups (66% and 88%, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in Ann Arbor stage, Ki-67 expression, LDH levels, IPI scores, albumin levels, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. All cases showed large lymphoid cells, of plasmablastic morphology with expression of at least one plasma cell marker (CD138, CD38, MUM1), CD45 positivity, variable expression of EMA, CD79 and CD30 and absence of expression of CD20, CD3, CD68 and LMP1; the proliferative index Ki67 varied between 60 and 90%. A small proportion of patients (18%) did not receive chemotherapy because of poor performance status or a personal decision. DA-EPOCH regimen was used in 52% and 25% of HIV+ and HIV- patients, respectively and CHOP/CHOEP regimen in 48 % and 75%, respectively. The overall response rate was 68% and 57% in HIV+ and HIV- patients with complete response (CR) in 32% and 14%, respectively. In the HIV-positive group, 66% of patients were antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 38 months and 7 months for HIV+ and HIV- patients, and the 1-year PFS was 74% and 0%, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) was 43 months (range 0.2-86.5) in HIV-positive patients and 10 months (range 0.5-19.0 months) in HIV-negative patients and the 1-year OS were 59% y 38%, respectively (p=0.27). Conclusions: PBL is a rare lymphoma, specially, if not related to HIV infection. In this study, 60 years or older was the only variable that showed significant difference. In our cohort, HIV-positive patients had better prognosis than HIV-negative PBL patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Smear-Positive Tuberculosis among Patients Who Visited Saint Paul’s Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinna Abera Nugussie ◽  
Getachew Ali Mohammed ◽  
Anteneh Tesfaye Tefera
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background. Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a health problem in both developed and developing countries, including Ethiopia. Objective. In this study, the prevalence of smear-positive tuberculosis among presumptive TB cases who visited the hospital was assessed. Method. Acid fast bacilli (AFB) test was performed on samples collected from 200 presumptive TB cases. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Result. Among 200 presumptive TB cases, 10% (20 individuals) (60% were male and 40% were female) were found to be positive for the AFB. Of these AFB positive subjects, 11.2% and 6.3% were from urban and rural areas, respectively. Among 20 AFB positive cases, 45% (9), 45% (9), and 10% (2) were HIV positive, HIV negative, and with HIV status unknown, respectively. The highest AFB positive cases were found within age group between 25 and 44 years (70%) and followed by age above 40 years (30%). It was found out that 75% (15), 15% (3), 5% (1), and 5% (1) were unemployed, government employed, student, and nongovernment employed, accordingly. Conclusion. This study indicated higher level of AFB positive cases within age groups of 25–44 and 65–74 years and also exhibited higher prevalence of TB cases from urban areas.

scholarly journals THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NEW CASES OF LUNG TUBERCULOSIS IN WOMEN OF THE REPRODUCTIVE AGE

2017 ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
S. V. Goponyako ◽  
I. V. Buinevich ◽  
S. V. Butsko ◽  
V. N. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Hiv Negative

As per the WHO data, tuberculosis is often associated with HIV-infection and remains one of the prevalent causes of death among women of the reproductive age in regions with unfavorable epidemiological situation. Due to high HIV incidence in Gomel region, the epidemiology of tuberculosis in women of the reproductive age demands to be thoroughly studied. As the conducted study has showed women aged 18-45 make 1/5 of new cases of lung tuberculosis among HIV-negative women and 1/3 among HIV-positive patients. The age peak is 25-40 regardless of the HIV-status. 27.7 % women aged 18-45 who detected tuberculosis were HIV-positive. In 10 % women of this age pregnancy and parturition preceded tuberculosis which was not associated with HIV-infection.

scholarly journals Strong Impact of Smoking on Multimorbidity and Cardiovascular Risk Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals in Comparison With the General Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Hasse ◽  
Philip E. Tarr ◽  
Pedro Marques-Vidal ◽  
Gerard Waeber ◽  
Martin Preisig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background.  Although acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated morbidity has diminished due to excellent viral control, multimorbidity may be increasing among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons compared with the general population. Methods.  We assessed the prevalence of comorbidities and multimorbidity in participants of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) compared with the population-based CoLaus study and the primary care-based FIRE (Family Medicine ICPC-Research using Electronic Medical Records) records. The incidence of the respective endpoints were assessed among SHCS and CoLaus participants. Poisson regression models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking. Results.  Overall, 74 291 participants contributed data to prevalence analyses (3230 HIV-infected; 71 061 controls). In CoLaus, FIRE, and SHCS, multimorbidity was present among 26%, 13%, and 27% of participants. Compared with nonsmoking individuals from CoLaus, the incidence of cardiovascular disease was elevated among smoking individuals but independent of HIV status (HIV-negative smoking: incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2–2.5; HIV-positive smoking: IRR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1–2.6; HIV-positive nonsmoking: IRR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.44–1.4). Compared with nonsmoking HIV-negative persons, multivariable Poisson regression ide.jpegied associations of HIV infection with hypertension (nonsmoking: IRR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.5–2.4; smoking: IRR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.6–2.4), kidney (nonsmoking: IRR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.9–3.8; smoking: IRR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.9–3.6), and liver disease (nonsmoking: IRR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4–2.4; smoking: IRR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.4–2.2). No evidence was found for an association of HIV-infection or smoking with diabetes mellitus. Conclusions.  Multimorbidity is more prevalent and incident in HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative individuals. Smoking, but not HIV status, has a strong impact on cardiovascular risk and multimorbidity.

Clinical outcomes of syphilis in HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM: occurrence of repeat syphilis episodes and non-treponemal serology responses

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054887
Author(s):  
Silvia Achia Nieuwenburg ◽  
Ricardo Jamie Sprenger ◽  
Maarten Franciscus Schim van der Loeff ◽  
Henry John Christiaan de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Negative

ObjectivesHIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) may be at a higher risk of repeat syphilis, have different clinical manifestations and have a different serological response to treatment compared with HIV-negative MSM. The objective of this study was to assess whether HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM with infectious syphilis (primary, secondary or early latent) differed in history of previous syphilis episodes, disease stage and non-treponemal titre of initial and repeat episodes, and the titre response 6 and 12 months after treatment. Furthermore, determinants associated with an inadequate titre response after treatment were explored.MethodsThis retrospective analysis used data of five longitudinal studies (four cohorts; one randomised controlled trial) conducted at the STI clinic in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Participants were tested for syphilis and completed questionnaires on sexual risk behaviour every 3–6 months. We included data of participants with ≥1 syphilis diagnosis in 2014–2019. Pearson’s χ² test was used to compare HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM in occurrence of previous syphilis episodes, disease stage of initial and repeat syphilis episode and non-treponemal titre treatment responses.ResultsWe included 355 participants with total 459 syphilis episodes. HIV-positive MSM were more likely to have a history of previous syphilis episodes compared with HIV-negative MSM (68/90 (75.6%) vs 96/265 (36.2%); p<0.001). Moreover, HIV-positive MSM with repeat syphilis were less often diagnosed with primary syphilis (7/73 (9.6%) vs 36/126 (28.6%)) and more often diagnosed with secondary syphilis (16/73 (21.9%) vs 17/126 (13.5%)) and early latent syphilis (50/73 (68.5%) vs 73/126 (57.9%)) (p=0.005). While not significantly different at 12 months, HIV-negative MSM were more likely to have an adequate titre response after 6 months compared with HIV-positive MSM (138/143 (96.5%) vs 66/74 (89.2%); p=0.032).ConclusionsIn repeat syphilis, HIV infection is associated with advanced syphilis stages and with higher non-treponemal titres. HIV infection affects the serological outcome after treatment, as an adequate titre response was observed earlier in HIV-negative MSM.

Observational study of the populations accessing rapid point-of-care HIV testing in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, through a retrospective chart review of site records

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Blain Johnston ◽  
Joss N Reimer ◽  
John L Wylie ◽  
Jared Bullard
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Hiv Test

ObjectivesHIV point-of-care testing (POCT) has been available in Manitoba since 2008. This study evaluated the effectiveness of POCT at identifying individuals with previously unknown HIV status, its effects on clinical outcomes and the characteristics of the populations reached.MethodsA retrospective database review was conducted for individuals who received HIV POCT from 2011 to 2014. Time to linkage to care and viral load suppression were compared between individuals who tested positive for HIV using POCT and controls identified as positive through standard screening. Testing outcomes for labouring women with undocumented HIV status accessing POCT during labour were also assessed.Results3204 individuals received POCT (1055 females (32.9%) and 2149 males (67.1%)), being the first recorded HIV test for 2205 (68.8%). Males were more likely to be targeted with POCT as their first recorded HIV test (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.40). Between the two main test sites (Main Street Project (MSP) and Nine Circles Community Health Centre), MSP tested relatively fewer males (AOR 0.79) but a higher proportion of members of all age groups over 30 years old (AOR 1.83, 2.51 and 3.64 for age groups 30–39, 40–49 and >50, respectively). There was no difference in time to linkage to care (p=0.345) or viral load suppression (p=0.405) between the POCT and standard screening cohorts. Of 215 women presenting in labour with unknown HIV status, one was identified as HIV positive.ConclusionsPOCT in Manitoba has been successful at identifying individuals with previously unknown HIV-positive status. Demographic differences between the two main testing sites support that this intervention is reaching unique populations. Given that we observed no significant difference in time to clinical outcomes, it is reasonable to continue using POCT as a targeted intervention.MeSH termsHIV infection; rapid HIV testing; vertical infectious disease transmission; community outreach; service delivery; marginalised populations.

Abstract WP426: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haralabos Zacharatos ◽  
Malik M Adil ◽  
Ameer E Hassan ◽  
Sarwat I Gilani ◽  
Adnan I Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: There is limited data regarding the unique attributes of ischemic stroke among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There is no published data regarding the occurrence and outcomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) among HIV infected persons. Methods: The largest all-payer Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS 2002-2010) data was used to identify and analyze all patients presenting with the primary diagnosis of SAH in the United States. Among this cohort, we identified the patients who were not HIV positive and those who were HIV positive. Patient demographics, medical co-morbidities, in-hospital complications, in-hospital procedures, and discharge disposition were compared between the two groups. The association between HIV infection and outcomes was evaluated in multivariate analysis after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Of the 351,491 patients admitted with SAH, 1367 (0.39%) were infected with HIV. HIV infected patients were younger, mean age [±SD] of 45 ±14.2 years versus those who were not 58±19 years, (p<0.0001). The rate of blood transfusion [27,286 (7.8%) versus 245.6 (18%), p=0.0003], mechanical ventilation [51,199 (14.6%) versus 316.1(23.1%), p=0.008], and sepsis [14,644 (4.2%) versus 236.1 (17.3%), p<0.0001] was significantly higher among HIV infected patients. After adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, coagulopathy, atrial fibrillation, renal failure, and dyslipidemia, HIV negative patients had a significantly higher rate of discharge to home (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4-2.6, p<0.0001) and lower in-patient mortality (OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3-0.5, p<0.001). Further adjustment for blood transfusion and sepsis reduced the odds of discharge to home for the HIV negative patients, from 1.9 to 1.7 but did not affect in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: The in-hospital mortality in HIV infected patients with SAH is higher despite these patients being younger than non-HIV infected patients. We believe that this study provides a nationwide perspective which may have some important implications for early recognition and diagnosis of HIV-infection in SAH patients.

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