scholarly journals Scenerio of HIV patients reported to University Kebangsaan Medical Centre during 2006-2009

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
WK Ken ◽  
MR Norzuriza ◽  
I Isahak ◽  
SS Azura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Keywords Hiv

Objective: A study was undertaken to identify the HIV-positive cases from suspected patients reported to University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) from January, 2006 to December; 2009. Methods: Cases were identified and confirmed by three established sero-diagnostic tests: Micro particulate Enzyme Immunoassay, Passive Particle Agglutination Test and Line Immunoassay. Results: A total of 256 HIV positive patients were identified and highlighted about their age, sex, ethnic origin and year wise distribution of cases. Frequency distribution of HIV-positive cases among different age groups indicated that, 144 (%) were aged between 21 to 40 years, 81 (%) were aged 41 to 60, 19 (%) were aged above 60 and 12 (%) were in the age group of 0-20 years. It revealed that the highest number of HIV-positive patients was in the age group of 21-40 years. Among the 4 groups of people living in Malaysia, HIV infection was found more in Chinese community (101), followed by Malaya community (97), Other community (Sikhs, tribes, foreigners) living in Malaysia (30) and Indian community (28). A total of 179 male and 77 female were positive for HIV infection. Monthly records of case detection indicate more or less similar prevalence pattern throughout the study period. Conclusions: It reveals from the report that the Malysian patients are mostly infected at the adulthood unlike other countries where majority of infections occur in young age .A high percent of HIV infection in males in the country indicates that they might played a vital role in carrying and disseminating infectiions to their female parterners. Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Sero-diagnosis; Socio-demographic profile; Malaysia. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v10i1.7315 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.1 Jan 2010 pp.21-28  

Herpes zoster and HIV infection in Tanzania

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Naburi ◽  
Barbara Leppard
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Very Elderly ◽  
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre ◽  
Disseminated Disease

Two hundred consecutive patients with herpes zoster attending the skin clinic at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) were examined and checked for HIV infection. They ranged in age from 10 months to 86 years with the majority in their 20s and 30s. The dermatomes involved were thoracic (97), trigeminal (50), cervical (37), lumbar (19) and sacral (3). Six (3%) had more than one dermatome involved and 2 (1%) had disseminated disease. Only 2 (1%) had severe ulceration of the skin and all healed in less than 4 weeks. In children under the age of 10 years and in adults between the ages of 20 and 49 years virtually 100% were HIV positive; even in the age group 50-59 more than three-quarters were HIV positive. We conclude that the presence of herpes zoster at any site is a good indication that the patient is HIV positive except in the teens and the very elderly.

Sleep Disturbances Associated with Age and HIV

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Vance ◽  
Joe W. Burrage
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

Sleep disturbances are common in normal people of several age groups and those with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease. In a secondary analysis of data, 50 HIV-positive and 50 HIV-negative adults between 30 and 65 years old responded to 5 items about sleep. No statistically significant differences by HIV status or age group were found.

scholarly journals Preliminary report of HIV and Toxoplasma gondii occurrence in pregnant women from Mozambique

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Paula Benedito Luis Sitoe ◽  
Bernardete Rafael ◽  
Luciana Regina Meireles ◽  
Heitor Franco de Andrade Jr. ◽  
Ricardo Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Hiv Patients

Toxoplasmosis, a protozoan disease, causes severe disease in fetuses during pregnancy and deadly encephalitis in HIV patients. There are several studies on its seroprevalence around the world, but studies focusing on African countries are limited in number and mostly anecdotal. We studied two groups of samples from Mozambique by ELISA, using serum samples from 150 pregnant women and six Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from AIDS patients with encephalitis. HIV status was confirmed, and CD4 blood counts were obtained from HIV-positive pregnant women. IgG seroprevalence of the group as a whole was 18.7% (28/150), with a higher prevalence in HIV-positive individuals compared to those who were HIV-negative (31.3%, [18/58] vs. 10.9%, [10/92]) patients. These data may be biased due to cumulative effects of exposition affecting disease prevalence. If corrected, this data may indicate an interaction of HIV and T. gondii. Prevalence of both diseases increases with age, but this is more clearly seen for toxoplasmosis (p < 0.005) than HIV infection, possibly explained by higher transmission of HIV after childhood. In HIV patients suffering from encephalitis, CSF serology showed that 33% of specific IgG CSF had a high avidity, which was in accordance with the data from the group of pregnant women. Lower prevalence rates of both infections in older groups could be explained by more deaths in the infected groups, resulting in an artificially lower prevalence. Using CD4 counts as a marker of time of HIV infection, and correcting for age, patients with contact with T. gondii had fewer CD4 cells, suggesting prolonged HIV disease or other causes. Toxoplasma IgG prevalence is higher in HIV+ groups, which could be ascribed to HIV- and T. gondii-associated risk factors, such as exposure to higher and more diverse social contacts. The low incidence of Toxoplasma IgG in younger age groups shows that transmission could be related to better access to cyst-containing meat in adulthood, as environmental transmission due to oocysts is usually blamed for higher incidence in children. Taken together, these data support the urgent need of research in toxoplasmosis in Africa, especially in the presence of HIV epidemics.

scholarly journals Studies on Streptococcus pneumoniae associated with pulmonary infection among HIV clients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
A.H. Mahmud ◽  
U.A. Dutsinma ◽  
A.M. Idris
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Hiv Aids

Respiratory infection is highly prevalent in HIV-infected patients and S. pneumoniae was a leading cause. The aim   of this study was to isolate and identify Streptococcus pneumoniae associated with pulmonary infection among HIV Clients Attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH). A total of 300 samples comprising   sample from 180 HIV seropositive patients and 120 HIV seronegative patients as a (control) were enrolled in this study.) For the 180 HIV seropositive patients, 105(58.3%) were females, and 75(41.7%) were males. Among the HIV negative subjects 64(53.3%) were males and 56(46.7%) were females. The incident of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates associated with pneumonia in HIV/AIDS seropositive patients  in relation to age group in this  study showed the higher  prevalence of 15(51.72%),  among the age groups of 30-39, had the highest  of prevalence of 15(51.72%), which occur more  common in HIV infected patients while for HIV seronegative patients age group 10-19  had the highest  incidence of  7(29.17%).Result showed no significant difference in the prevalence of  S .pneumoniae among the HIV seropositive and seronegative patients (P > 0.05) .Antimicrobial susceptibility showed that Ciprofloxacin 25(86.2%), was found to be most active invitro against the isolates followed by Oxacillin 21(72.4%), Augmentin19       (65.5), Chloramphenicol 15(51.7%). Tetracycline, 14(48.3%), Clindamycin 14(48.3) and Erythromycin 10(34.5%). Result showed no significant difference in the levels of antibiotic susceptibilities and resistance observed (p > 0.05). The CD4 cells counts for the HIV seropositve patients were 161(89.4%) 350 cells/ml and 19(10.6%) <350 cells/m recorded as normal and low respectively. There was significant difference (p <0.05) for  the CD4 cells counts of the study population with the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates among the HIV seropositive patients  (P 0.000 <0.05).  PCR amplification  for Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin resistance genes showed that Only 2(33.3%)  out of 6  resistant  isolates  possed the pneumococcal pbp2b resistance gene. According to the findings, the pbp2b gene can play a role of fundamentalimportance in the resistance of S. pneumoniae.  Modify heterogeneity in antibiotic use, which several antibiotics are taken in a rotation against taking just 1 antibiotic such that isolates resistant to 1 antibiotic are killed when the subsequent antibiotic is taken. Keywords: HIV/AIDS,  Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Antibiotic Resistance, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Pbp2b  CD4 cells count.

scholarly journals Age-related clonal haematopoiesis is more prevalent in older adults with HIV: the ARCHIVE study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Dawson ◽  
Nila Dharan ◽  
Paul Yeh ◽  
Mark Bloch ◽  
Miriam Yeung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract People with HIV have higher rates of certain comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease and some malignancies, than people without HIV. As somatic mutations associated with age related clonal haematopoiesis (CH) are linked to similar comorbidities in the general population, we hypothesized that CH may be more prevalent in people with HIV. To address this issue, we established a prospective cohort study recruiting 220 HIV-positive and 226 HIV negative participants aged 55 years or older in Australia. Demographic characteristics, clinical data and peripheral blood were collected to assess for the presence of CH mutations and identify potential risk factors for and clinical sequelae of CH. Investigators testing for CH were blinded to participants’ HIV status. In total, 132 CH mutations were identified in 99 (22.2%) of 446 participants. CH was more prevalent in HIV-positive participants than HIV-negative participants (27.7% vs. 16.8%, p =0.006), overall and across all age groups. HIV infection was associated with an increased odds of having CH (adjusted odds ratio 2.10, 95% confidence interval 1.30-3.38, p=0.002). The most common genes mutated were DNMT3A (48.5%), TET2(20.5%) and ASXL1 (11.4%). CH and HIV infection were independently associated with increases in blood parameters and biomarkers associated with inflammation. These data suggest a selective advantage for the emergence of CH in the context of chronic infection and inflammation related to HIV infection.

scholarly journals Analysis of trends in total deaths and AIDS-related deaths certified at Mosvold Hospital, Ingwavuma, KwaZulu-Natal, from 2003 to 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C H Vaughan Williams
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Roll Out

Objectives. To analyse mortality trends from deaths registered at Mosvold Hospital, Ingwavuma, KwaZulu-Natal, and possible impact of programmes to treat and prevent HIV infection. Design. Longitudinal study of death certifications from 2003 to 2008. Setting. Mosvold Hospital mortuary, Ingwavuma. Subjects. Counterfoils of form 83/BI-1663, Notification/Register of Death/Stillbirths (Republic of South Africa, Department of Home Affairs), completed at Mosvold Hospital from January 2003 to December 2008. Outcome measures. Age at death, cause of death, patterns of deaths grouped by age, gender and cause of death. Results. AIDS-related deaths were the cause of 53% of deaths, particularly affecting the 20 - 59-year and under-5 age groups. Since 2005 there has been a decline in deaths in the 20 - 59 age group and an increase in average age at death. Conclusions. The decrease in mortality from 2005 may be associated with antiretroviral roll-out reducing mortality from AIDS-related illnesses.

scholarly journals Age-related clonal haematopoiesis is more prevalent in older adults with HIV: the ARCHIVE study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nila J. Dharan ◽  
Paul Yeh ◽  
Mark Bloch ◽  
Miriam Yeung ◽  
David Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Hiv Negative

AbstractPeople with HIV have higher rates of certain comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease and some malignancies, than people without HIV. As somatic mutations associated with age-related clonal haematopoiesis (CH) are linked to similar comorbidities in the general population, we hypothesized that CH may be more prevalent in people with HIV. To address this issue, we established a prospective cohort study recruiting 220 HIV-positive and 226 HIV-negative participants aged 55 years or older in Australia. Demographic characteristics, clinical data and peripheral blood were collected to assess for the presence of CH mutations and identify potential risk factors for and clinical sequelae of CH. Investigators testing for CH were blinded to participants’ HIV status. In total, 132 CH mutations were identified in 99 (22.2%) of 446 participants. CH was more prevalent in HIV-positive participants than HIV-negative participants (27.7% vs. 16.8%, p =0.006), overall and across all age groups. HIV infection was associated with an increased odds of having CH (adjusted odds ratio 2.10, 95% confidence interval 1.30-3.38, p=0.002). The most common genes mutated were DNMT3A (48.5%), TET2 (20.5%) and ASXL1 (11.4%). CH and HIV infection were independently associated with increases in blood parameters and biomarkers associated with inflammation. These data suggest a selective advantage for the emergence of CH in the context of chronic infection and inflammation related to HIV infection.

scholarly journals Psychotherapy can be effective in prolonging periods free of depression in early senescent

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Vidya Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Come ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background: The Psychotherapy can be effective in prolonging periods free of depression in early senescent has been focused on the study. People refused medication agreed to come for psychotherapy are treated to get free from their depressive symptom. The main objective of the study was therefore using psychotherapy as a treatment module to stretch time free of depression. Further psycho education to give more information on depression and increase patient flexibility for the combination of anti-depressant with psychotherapy when needed.Methodology: The subjects selected for the study were 60 patients from ‘Nitte Rural Psychiatry Clinic’ Nitte Mangalore Karnataka, India. They were selected by random sampling technique. Medico-Psychological questionnaire for general neuroticism was administered to find out the extent of depression before and after psychotherapy. To find the difference between the age and depression before and after psychotherapy Carl Pearson’s Correlation coefficient method was carried out.Results: The results reveal that a non-significant difference between age groups with extent of depression in different age group of early senescent before and after psychotherapy (Chi-square=1.7913, p>0.05) at the 5 % level of significance and (Chi-square=2.4485, p>0.05) at the 5 % level of significance respectively. Further the Comparison of extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-55, 56-60 age groups and as a total by Wilcoxon matched pairs test has been administered and the result reveals that significant differences between extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-55yrs of age group (Z=2.5205, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance, 56-60yrs of age group (Z=2.2014, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance. It means that, the significant means that, the significance of 15.7%, 10.5%depression was decreased before and after psychotherapy respectively. A significant difference was observed between extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-60yrs of age group (Z=3. 2958, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance. It means that, the significance of 13.0% depression was decreased after psychotherapy.Conclusion: The implication of this study was to develop insight and understanding among the clinicians that importance psychotherapy as treatment of depression.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.118-122

scholarly journals Recent infections among individuals with a new HIV diagnosis in Rwanda, 2018–2020

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259708
Author(s):  
Gallican N. Rwibasira ◽  
Samuel S. Malamba ◽  
Gentille Musengimana ◽  
Richard C. M. Nkunda ◽  
Jared Omolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Epidemic Control ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Recent Infection

Background Despite Rwanda’s progress toward HIV epidemic control, 16.2% of HIV-positive individuals are unaware of their HIV positive status. Tailoring the public health strategy could help reach these individuals with new HIV infection and achieve epidemic control. Recency testing is primarily for surveillance, monitoring, and evaluation but it’s not for diagnostic purposes. However, it’s important to know what proportion of the newly diagnosed are recent infections so that HIV prevention can be tailored to the profile of people who are recently infected. We therefore used available national data to characterize individuals with recent HIV infection in Rwanda to inform the epidemic response. Methods We included all national-level data for recency testing reported from October 2018 to June 2020. Eligible participants were adults (aged ≥15 years) who had a new HIV diagnosis, who self-reported being antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve, and who had consented to recency testing. Numbers and proportions of recent HIV infections were estimated, and precision around these estimates was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with being recently (within 12 months) infected with HIV. Results Of 7,785 eligible individuals with a new HIV-positive diagnosis, 475 (6.1%) met the criteria for RITA recent infection. The proportion of RITA recent infections among individuals with newly identified HIV was high among those aged 15–24 years (9.6%) and in men aged ≥65 years (10.3%) compared to other age groups; and were higher among women (6.7%) than men (5.1%). Of all recent cases, 68.8% were women, and 72.2% were aged 15–34 years. The Northern province had the fewest individuals with newly diagnosed HIV but had the highest proportion of recent infections (10.0%) compared to other provinces. Recent infections decreased by 19.6% per unit change in time (measured in months). Patients aged ≥25 years were less likely to have recent infection than those aged 15–24 years with those aged 35–49 years being the least likely to have recent infection compared to those aged 15–24 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.415 [95% CI: 0.316–0.544]). Conclusion Public health surveillance targeting the areas and the identified groups with high risk of recent infection could help improve outcomes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Smear-Positive Tuberculosis among Patients Who Visited Saint Paul’s Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinna Abera Nugussie ◽  
Getachew Ali Mohammed ◽  
Anteneh Tesfaye Tefera
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background. Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a health problem in both developed and developing countries, including Ethiopia. Objective. In this study, the prevalence of smear-positive tuberculosis among presumptive TB cases who visited the hospital was assessed. Method. Acid fast bacilli (AFB) test was performed on samples collected from 200 presumptive TB cases. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Result. Among 200 presumptive TB cases, 10% (20 individuals) (60% were male and 40% were female) were found to be positive for the AFB. Of these AFB positive subjects, 11.2% and 6.3% were from urban and rural areas, respectively. Among 20 AFB positive cases, 45% (9), 45% (9), and 10% (2) were HIV positive, HIV negative, and with HIV status unknown, respectively. The highest AFB positive cases were found within age group between 25 and 44 years (70%) and followed by age above 40 years (30%). It was found out that 75% (15), 15% (3), 5% (1), and 5% (1) were unemployed, government employed, student, and nongovernment employed, accordingly. Conclusion. This study indicated higher level of AFB positive cases within age groups of 25–44 and 65–74 years and also exhibited higher prevalence of TB cases from urban areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document