scholarly journals High occurrence of giardiasis in children living on a 'landless farm workers' settlement in Araras, São Paulo, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Aparecido de Lima Junior ◽  
Juliana Kaiser ◽  
Rosana Catisti
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
The World

Enteric parasitosis remains an important public health problem in many areas around the world including in Brazil, and it is frequently associated with poverty and lack of sanitation facilities. Research carried out over the course of a year revealed that 96.6% (28/29) of children randomly selected from a 'landless farm workers' settlement in Araras, São Paulo, aged 4 - 15 years, presented Giardia intestinalis cysts. After referral to the neighborhood Health Office, all the children received tinidazole, given as a single dose of 50 mg/kg and 12 months later, new fecal samples were collected and analyzed. Despite the low adherence to the study, a high percentage (64.3% - 9/14) of the children remained positive for the parasite. This study showed a high positivity of giardiasis in child residents of the settlement, even after treatment; adults were not sensitized to the study and did not collected and/or deliver children fecal samples. The precarious living conditions are consistent with a high susceptibility to parasitic diseases, suggesting that the treatment of the infected individuals without identifying and eradicating the means of contamination is simply a palliative measure.

scholarly journals First record on Loxosceles laeta (Nicolet, 1849) (Araneae, Sicariidae) in the West Zone of São Paulo City, São Paulo, Brazil, and considerations regarding its geographic distribution

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rute Maria Gonçalves-de-Andrade ◽  
Denise Vilarinho Tambourgi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
First Record ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The West ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Loxosceles Laeta

Loxosceles laeta spiders were captured in the West zone of São Paulo City, this being the first record of the specie in this area. Since loxoscelism is an important public health problem in the South region of Brazil, it is necessary to investigate the presence of this spider in São Paulo City.

scholarly journals Prevalence of rubella antibodies in a non-immunized urban population, São Paulo, Brazil

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanda A.U.F. Souza ◽  
José Cassio Moraes ◽  
Laura M Sumita ◽  
Maria Claudia C. Camargo ◽  
Maria Cristina D.S. Fink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
Mass Vaccination Campaign

The prevalence of rubella antibodies was evaluated through a ramdom Seroepidemiological survey in 1400 blood samples of 2-14 year old children and in 329 samples of umbilical cord serum. Rubella IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA, and the sera were collected in 1987, five years before the mass vaccination campaign with measles-mumps-rubella vaccine carried out in the city of São Paulo in 1992. A significant increase in prevalence of rubella infection was observed after 6 years of age, and 77% of the individuals aged from 15 to 19 years had detectable rubella antibodies. However, the seroprevalence rose to 90.5% (171/189) in cord serum samples from children whose mothers were 20 to 29 years old, and reached 95.6% in newborns of mothers who were 30 to 34 years old, indicating that a large number of women are infected during childbearing years. This study confirms that rubella infection represents an important Public Health problem in São Paulo city. The data on the seroprevalence of rubella antibodies before the mass vaccination campaign reflects the baseline immunological status of this population before any intervention and should be used to design an adequate vaccination strategy and to assess the Seroepidemiological impact of this intervention.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B vaccination in adolescents living in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo Francisco ◽  
Maria Rita Donalisio ◽  
Filomena de Jesus Oliveira Gabriel ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional

INTRODUCTION: Viral hepatitis is an important public health problem in Brazil and around the world. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate vaccination coverage against hepatitis B in adolescents and to identify the associated factors and reasons for non-adherence. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study with sampling by clusters and in two stages, carried out from records of 702 adolescents aged 11 to 19 years old, non-institutionalized, living in an urban area of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2008/2009. The data were obtained from the Health Survey in the city of Campinas (ISACamp). RESULTS: The prevalence of vaccination (3 doses) was 72.2%. An independent and negative association with the vaccine was observed for the adolescents who were not born in the municipality. The orientation of a health care provider was positively and significantly associated with vaccination. The main reasons for non-adherence were the lack of orientation and not considering the vaccine necessary. Socioeconomic factors, health behaviors and conditions did not restrict the access to vaccination, but the coverage was below the target established by the Ministry of Health in Brazil. CONCLUSION: Health education programs, addressing the importance of vaccination to prevent the disease; strategies to actively reach out adolescents that did not complete the schedule; as well as orientation from the health care professional about the benefits of the vaccine to the adolescents, parents and guardians can extend the vaccination coverage.

scholarly journals Chagas Disease and Primary Health Care in Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 463-465
Author(s):  
Ferreira RA ◽  
Diotaiuti LG
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Chagas disease is an important public health problem in various countries in Latin America [1] both due to the high number of people affected and the failure of endemic countries to adopt preventive and control measures, such that, today, it is one of the most neglected tropical diseases in the world, affecting about 6 to 7 million people [1].

scholarly journals Survei kecacingan pada anak dengan riwayat alergi di sekolah dasar yang terdapat di Kecamatan Sario Kota Manado

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitha Sartika ◽  
Greta J.P. Wahongan ◽  
Josef S.B. Tuda
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Helminthic Infection ◽  
The World

Abstract: Helminthic infection is an important public health problem in several parts of the world. It was noted that during 2012 in Manado there were 104 cases of helminthic infection. There is similarity between the immunological pathways from helminthic infection and allergy which is characterized by increases Th2. But in chronic helminthic infection, excessive immune response can be suppressed and therefore contribute to reduced susceptible to allergies. This study aims to see the survey of helminthic infection in students with allergy history in Sario District, Manado. This study is a cross sectional descriptive study. ISAAC questionnaire was distributed to 138 students and after being analyzed, 37 of them are allergy positive, and 16 of them are willing to participate in this study. Feces and blood were obtained as sample. From 16 feces samples, it was found that there is no helminthic infection in any of them. From 16 blood samples, it was obtained that there are 2 (12,5%) samples with eosinophilia. Conclusion: based on study that was done, helmintic infection survey found all negative result in students with allergy history in Sario District, ManadoKeywords: allergy, helminthic infection, elementary school students Abstrak: Infeksi kecacingan merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di beberapa bagian dunia. Di Manado pada tahun 2012 tercatat ada 104 kasus kecacingan. Ada kemiripan jalur imunologi antar kecacingan dan alergi yang ditandai dengan peningkatan Th2. Namun, pada infeksi cacing kronis, respon imun yang berlebihan tersebut dapat ditekan hingga berpengaruh pada berkurangnya kerentanan terhadap alergi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui survei kecacingan pada anak dengan riwayat alergi di SD yang terletak di Kecamatan Sario Kota Manado. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Sebanyak 138 kuesioner ISAAC dibagikan dan 37 diantaranya menunjukan hasil positif alergi. Dari 37 anak dengan alergi, 16 bersedia menjadi sampel penelitian. Dilakukan pengambilan sampel berupa feses dan darah untuk diperiksa kecacingan dan eosinofilia. Dari 16 feses yang diperiksa semua menunjukan hasil negatif kecacingan. Dari 16 sampel darah yang diperiksa ditemukan 2 (12,5%) diantaranya mengalami eosinofilia. Simpulan: berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, survei kecacingan pada anak dengan riwayat alergi di Kecamatan Sario, Kota Manado menunjukan hasil tidak ditemukan adanya infeksi kecacigan. Kata kunci: alergi, kecacingan, anak sekolah dasar

scholarly journals CHILD HOMICIDES IN ADANA, TURKEY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenan Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Child Homicide ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Serious Crime ◽  
The World ◽  
Point Of No Return ◽  
Shooting Ranges

Violence is a common and important public health problem in our country like all over the world. Homicide is the last point of no return and solution. Nearly at all communities; homicide is being accepted as most serious crime and it is being punished with severe sanctions and also they are trying to develop prevention strategies. At this study, 5159 cases were investigated retrospectively which were medico-legally autopsied at institute of Forensic Medicine Adana Group Authority Morgue Specialty office between the years of 2009-2011. Cases were investigated according to cases’ ages, genders, the objects (weapons) causing death, localization of wounds. Besides, toxicological analyzes of all cases were reviewed. It was seen that; 79 (66%) of total 120 child victims were male, youngest was 7 months old, eldest one was 18 years old, average age was 13,5. It was detected that when we group the children according to their ages; most cases [85(70,8%) ] were between the ages of 13-18. When we look at homicide methods, it was seen that; firearms is at first place with 73 (60,8%) of cases. It was detected that; head is at first place with 50 (41,7%) of the cases and it was following by rib cage area with 21 cases. When we look at shooting ranges at the cases which were killed by firearms, shooting was done from adjacent range at 40 cases. Even if removing the violence isn’t possible; revealing its reasons and methods provides possibility of forming strategies. Key Words: Child; homicide; death; method.

scholarly journals Insights into Leishmania Molecules and Their Potential Contribution to the Virulence of the Parasite

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy ◽  
Abdulsalam A. M. Alkhaldi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The World ◽  
Genus Leishmania ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Neglected parasitic diseases affect millions of people worldwide, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Among other parasitic diseases, leishmaniasis remains an important public health problem caused by the protozoa of the genus Leishmania, transmitted by the bite of the female sand fly. The disease has also been linked to tropical and subtropical regions, in addition to being an endemic disease in many areas around the world, including the Mediterranean basin and South America. Although recent years have witnessed marked advances in Leishmania-related research in various directions, many issues have yet to be elucidated. The intention of the present review is to give an overview of the major virulence factors contributing to the pathogenicity of the parasite. We aimed to provide a concise picture of the factors influencing the reaction of the parasite in its host that might help to develop novel chemotherapeutic and vaccine strategies.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of delaying vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 assuming unlimited vaccine supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Dimas Tadeu Covas ◽  
Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho ◽  
Raymundo Soares Azevedo ◽  
Eduardo Massad
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background At the moment we have more than 177 million cases and 3.8 million deaths (as of June 2021) around the world and vaccination represents the only hope to control the pandemic. Imperfections in planning vaccine acquisition and difficulties in implementing distribution among the population, however, have hampered the control of the virus so far. Methods We propose a new mathematical model to estimate the impact of vaccination delay against the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the number of cases and deaths due to the disease in Brazil. We apply the model to Brazil as a whole and to the State of Sao Paulo, the most affected by COVID-19 in Brazil. We simulated the model for the populations of the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole, varying the scenarios related to vaccine efficacy and compliance from the populations. Results The model projects that, in the absence of vaccination, almost 170 thousand deaths and more than 350 thousand deaths will occur by the end of 2021 for Sao Paulo and Brazil, respectively. If in contrast, Sao Paulo and Brazil had enough vaccine supply and so started a vaccination campaign in January with the maximum vaccination rate, compliance and efficacy, they could have averted more than 112 thousand deaths and 127 thousand deaths, respectively. In addition, for each month of delay the number of deaths increases monotonically in a logarithmic fashion, for both the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole. Conclusions Our model shows that the current delay in the vaccination schedules that is observed in many countries has serious consequences in terms of mortality by the disease and should serve as an alert to health authorities to speed the process up such that the highest number of people to be immunized is reached in the shortest period of time.

Occasional Series: Lupus Around the World Systemic lupus erythematosus in São Paulo/Brazil: a clinical and laboratory overview

Lupus ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Chahade ◽  
EI Sato ◽  
JE Moura ◽  
Ltl Costallat ◽  
Lec Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Evolution of bacterial meningitis diagnosis in Sao Paulo State-Brazil and future challenges

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (9B) ◽  
pp. 672-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristela Marques Salgado ◽  
Maria Gisele Goncalves ◽  
Lucila Okuyama Fukasawa ◽  
Fabio Takenori Higa ◽  
Juliana Thalita Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a severe disease and still represents a serious public health problem with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The most common cases of BM around the world, mainly in Brazil, have been caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Bacterial culture is the gold-standard technique for BM confirmation, but approximately 50% of suspected cases are not culture-confirmed, due to problems related to improper transportation and seeding or previous antibiotic treatment. Immunological methods present low sensitivity and have possibility of cross-reactions. Real time PCR (qPCR) is a molecular technique and has been successful used for BM diagnosis at Instituto Adolfo Lutz in São Paulo State, Brazil, since 2007. The incorporation of qPCR in the Public Health surveillance routine in our state resulted in diminishing 50% of undetermined BM cases. Our efforts are focused on qPCR implementation in the BM diagnostic routine throughout Brazil.

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