Active surveillance of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in endemic areas in rural Bolivia

INTRODUCTION: American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), including mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) and localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), is endemic in Bolivia. We describe the results of active surveillance of ATL from 2001 to 2006 and assess demographic data related to ATL epidemiology in the Yungas valleys. METHODS: Community-based active ATL surveillance was performed by the institutions SERVIR, CÁRITAS, and the Health Services Department of La Paz, whose files were reviewed retrospectively. A cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess demographic data in two communities. RESULTS: Two thousand nine hundred nine cases of ATL were detected from 2001 to 2006: 2,488 (85.5%) corresponded to LCL and 421 (14.5%) to MCL. A reduction in the proportion of mucosal cases was observed between 2001 and 2006. The proportion of MCL cases increased with age and was higher among males (15.5% versus 12.1%, p=0.018). The rate of positivity via direct observation of the parasite in dermal scrapings and in parasite cultivation was significantly higher for LCL than for MCL (p<0.001 and p=0.009, respectively). The rate of reactivity in the leishmanin skin test was higher in the group with mucosal lesions (p=0.012). The cross-sectional survey showed that 40% of the families had emigrated from the Altiplano. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to undertake continuous case detection of ATL in the area, where the disease presents a high rate of mucosal cases. Increasing incidence seems to be associated with immigration and continuous deforestation to expand the crop-growing areas.

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Alarming tuberculosis rate among people who inject drugs in Vietnam

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab548 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nicolas Nagot ◽

Vinh Vu Hai ◽

Thuy Thi Thu Dong ◽

Oanh Khuat Thi Hai ◽

Delphine Rapoud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

People Who Inject Drugs ◽

Risk Groups ◽

High Rate ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

Hiv Negative

Abstract Background The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is not homogeneous in the general population but presents high-risk groups. People who inject drugs (PWID) are such a group. However, TB among PWID remains largely undocumented. Our goal was to assess the prevalence of TB and the risk factors associated with TB among PWID in Vietnam. Methods We implemented a cross-sectional survey among two community-based cohorts of HIV-positive and HIV-negative PWID in Hai Phong. Participants were screened for TB using questions on TB symptoms. Those who reported any symptom were accompanied by peers to the TB clinic for chest X-Ray. If the latter was abnormal, a sputum was collected to perform an Xpert® MTB/RIF test. Results 885 PWID were screened for TB. For both cohorts, most PWID were male (>90.0%), with a median age of 42 years. Beside heroin injection, 52.5% of participants reported smoking methamphetamine, and 63.2% were on methadone. Among HIV-positive PWID (N=451), 90.4% were on antiretroviral therapy and 81.6% had a viral load <1,000 copies/mL. Using a complete-case analysis, the estimated TB prevalence was 2.3% (95%CI: 1.0-4.5) and 2.1% (95%CI: 0.8-4.2) among HIV-positives and HIV-negatives, respectively. Living in couple, arrest over the past six months, homelessness and smoking methamphetamine were independently associated with TB but not HIV infection. Conclusions In a context of very large antiretroviral therapy coverage, this extremely high rate of TB among PWID requires urgent actions.

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Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based Study

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra ◽

10.1159/000487231 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 98-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Muath Alkhunizan ◽

Abdullah Alkhenizan ◽

Loay Basudan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Demographic Data ◽

High Rate ◽

Research Centre ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

Introduction: The age of the population in Saudi Arabia is shifting toward elderly, which can lead to an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment (MCI and dementia) among elderly patients in a community-based setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included patients aged 60 years and above who were seen in the Family Medicine Clinics affiliated with King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. Patients with delirium, active depression, and patients with a history of severe head trauma in the past 3 months were excluded. Patients were interviewed during their regular visit by a trained physician to collect demographic data and to administer the validated Arabic version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Results: One hundred seventy-one Saudi patients were recruited based on a calculated sample size for the aim of this study. The mean age of included sample was 67 ± 6 years. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 45%. The prevalence of MCI was 38.6% and the prevalence of dementia was 6.4%. Age, low level of education, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were risk factors for cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Prevalence of MCI and dementia in Saudi Arabia using MoCA were in the upper range compared to developed and developing countries. The high rate of risk factors for cognitive impairment in Saudi Arabia is contributing to this finding.

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PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF UNDIAGNOSED HYPERTENSION AMONG SLUM DWELLERS: A COMMUNITY-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i10.35334 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 226-229

Author(s):

RAJSINH MOHITE ◽

VAISHALI MOHITE

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

Alcohol Exposure ◽

World Health ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Slum Dwellers ◽

Undiagnosed Hypertension

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension (HTN) in slum population and to its strength of association. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted at Karad urban slum area of district Satara, India in the year 2018. The study was conducted among randomly selected 460 adults were in age ranges from 18 to 60 years. A standard World Health Organization-stepwise approach questionnaire includes demographic data, behavioral information, and clinical examination; anthropometric data were employed to elicit the data from the eligible study participants by interview and examination method. Inferential statistics were worked out to determine the significant statistical association among variables under study. Results: The prevalence of HTN among adult slum dweller was 23.04% of which prevalence of undiagnosed HTN was 16.03%. Significantly higher proportions of undiagnosed hypertensive were seen in males 22% and females 15.5% as well as also in all age groups, and it was seen twice in males as compared to females. The risk factor prevalence of current exposure to tobacco was 88.47% of which higher proportion, 90.7% was seen in females. Alcohol exposure was seen in 25% participants of which higher proportion, 38.5% seen in males and maximum exposure was seen in 46.7% males and 38.8% females and were from the young age group 18–30 years. Daily fruits and pure vegetarian diet consumption was observed in 3.2% and 19.3% slum dwellers, respectively. The prevalence of physical exercise was 17.1% of which significantly higher proportion, 22.0% was seen males and was of 1.8 times more than females. Overweight/obesity (body mass index >25 kg/m2) reported was 25.4% of which higher proportion, 26.9% was seen in females and they were maximum, 31.0% and 32.8% in males and females and from the age group of 40–50 years. Conclusion: Study revealed the prevalence of undiagnosed HTN at alarming state among the people residing in slum habitations. Similarly, risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, physical inactivity, obesity, and dietary patterns were strongly existence among participants.

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Socio Demographic and Clinical Profile of Indoor Female Patients of RINPAS

Indian Journal of Psychiatric Social Work ◽

10.29120/ijpsw.2017.v8.i1.13 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Rajni Suri ◽

Anshu Suri ◽

Neelam Kumari ◽

Amool R. Singh ◽

Manisha Kiran

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Health Problems ◽

High Rate ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional

The role of women is very crucial in our society. She cares for her parents, partner, children and other relatives. She performs all types of duties in family and also in the society without any expectations. Because of playing many roles, women often face many challenges in their life including both physical and mental. Mental health problems affect women and men equally, but some problems are more common among women including both physical and mental health problems. Aim of the study - The present study is aimed to describe and compare the clinical and socio-demographic correlates of female mentally ill patients.Â Methods and Materials: The study includes 180 female mentally ill patients based on cross sectional design and the sample for the study was drawn purposively. A semi structured socio-demographic data sheet was prepared to collect relevant information as per the need of the study. Result: The present study reveals that the socio-demographic factors contribute a vital role in mental illness. Findings also showed that majority of patients had mental problems in the age range of 20-30 have high rate. Illiterate and primary level of education and daily wage working women as well as low and middle socio-economic status women are more prone to have mental illness. Other factors like marital status, type of family and religion etc also important factors for mental illness. Keywords: Socio demographic profile, female, psychiatric patient

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Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Perception, and Practices among Domestic Visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020673 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 673

Author(s):

Hashim A. Mahdi ◽

Hamza M. Assaggaf ◽

Mohammad Alfelali ◽

Omar B. Ahmed ◽

Radi Alsafi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hand Hygiene ◽

Graduate Education ◽

Formal Education ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

This study aimed to assess hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practices of visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. Using a self-administered electronic questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among domestic residents, who visited the mosque between 31 July and 3 August 2020. Participants’ demographic data, hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practices were collected. Four hundred participants aged 18–65 (median 36) years completed the survey, of which 215 (53.8%) were female. The visitors’ mean knowledge score about hand hygiene was 6.4 (± standard deviation (SD) 1.35) of total 12. Most participants (392, 98%) were aware of the role of hand hygiene in preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); nevertheless, 384 (96%) said hand hygiene lowers body immunity and 316 (79%) thought <60% alcohol is sufficient for hand disinfection. Males had a higher knowledge score than females (6.46 (±1.41) vs. 6.14 (±1.27), p = 0.02) and, visitors who had no formal education scored higher than those with post-graduate education (6.88 (±1.45) vs 5.73 (±1.12), p = 0.01). Washing hands with soap and water was the predominant method practiced after a meal (365, 91.7%), after toilet visit (354, 88.5%), after touching a surface (262, 65.7%), after waste disposal (332, 83.2%), and when hands were visibly dirty (357, 89.5%). Al Madinah visitors had moderate knowledge about hand hygiene, but demonstrated some knowledge gaps and negligence in practice that are crucial to curb the spread of COVID-19.

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Internet Use among Community-Based Rehabilitation Workers in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Physiotherapy Canada ◽

10.3138/ptc.2010-46 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 445-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Euson Yeung ◽

Robert Balogh ◽

Donald Cole ◽

Djenana Jalovcic ◽

Michel D. Landry

Keyword(s):

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Internet Use ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Community Based Rehabilitation

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Prevalence of Thinness among Santal Preschool Children Using New Body Mass Index Cut-Off Points

Journal of Anthropology ◽

10.1155/2011/602782 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Subal Das ◽

Kaushik Bose

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Rate ◽

Tribal Community ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Purulia District

A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of undernutrition using body mass index (BMI) among 2–6-year Santal preschool children of Purulia District, West Bengal, India. A total of 251 (116 boys and 135 girls) children from 12 villages were measured. Commonly used indicators, that is, weight, height, and BMI, were used to evaluate the nutritional status. More boys (59.5%) than girls (53.3%), based on BMI, were undernourished. Significant age differences in weight (F=44.29∗∗∗; df=3), height (F=58.48∗∗∗; df=3), and BMI (F=3.52∗∗∗; df=3) among boys were observed. Similarly, significant differences between ages in mean weight (F=56.27∗∗∗; df=3), height (F=64.76∗∗∗; df=3), and BMI (F=2.62∗∗∗; df=3) were observed among the girls. The present study revealed that the nutritional status of the preschool children of Santal tribal community of these villages was poor with very high rate of thinness in boys and girls (59.5% and 53.3%, resp.).

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