scholarly journals Ecology of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a restricted focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Northern Venezuela: III. Seasonal fluctuation

1987 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dora Feliciangeli
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Minimum Relative Humidity ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Number Of Individuals

A one year-long study (March 1979-March 1980) was carried out at San Esteban, an endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Northern Venezuela, with the aim of observing the seasonal fluctuation of the local phlebotomine sandflies species. The influence of climatic factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) on population dynamics was analyzed in three collecting sites - a house, a peridomestic area and a sylvatic region. Among anthropophilic species, L. panamensis behaved as a wetseason species, the mean minimum relative humidity being the critical factor influencing the total number of individuals. When the population density of this fly decreased, it was successfully replaced by L. ovallesi, a dry-season species. On the other hand, seasonal variations of L. gomezi were more strongly affected by the temperature.

scholarly journals Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Governador Valadares, a transmission area for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Andrade Barata ◽  
Gustavo Fontes Paz ◽  
Marcela Cardoso Bastos ◽  
Roberta Christiane Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Daniela Campos Mendes de Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandfly ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
One Year

INTRODUCTION: A study on the phlebotomine sandfly fauna was carried out in an endemic area for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Governador Valadares, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Captures were undertaken using HP light traps in four districts, on three nights per month, for one year (from January to December 2008). Correlations between climatic factors (temperature, relative air humidity and rainfall) and the numbers of sandflies collected was observed. RESULTS: 5,413 phlebotomine specimens were caught and were identified as belonging to 12 species. Of these specimens, 2,851 (52%) were females and 2,562 (48%) were males. CONCLUSIONS: Lutzomyia intermedia predominated (29.9% of the species caught), thus suggesting that they were responsible for transmission of American tegumentary leishmaniasis, together with L. whitmani, which was also found in the area (4.3%). The presence of L. longipalpis (11.9%), the main vector for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil, is an important finding, which makes rigorous entomological surveillance of the area necessary.

Relationship between the excretion of protostrongylid larvae in sheep in North-west Spain and climatic conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Díez-Baños ◽  
P. Morrondo-Pelayo ◽  
A. Feijoo-Penela ◽  
B. Carrillo-González ◽  
C. López-Sández
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
North West ◽  
One Year

AbstractThe relationship between different climatic factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) and the pattern of lungworm larval excretion was studied in sheep under a continuous grazing pattern in North-west Spain, where the climate is intermediate between sub-humid Mediterranean with an Atlantic tendency and European Atlantic. Over a period of one year, 44 animals were sampled once a month at random from a flock of 80 Galician breed sheep, all over 4 years old. Faeces were taken directly from the rectum and the number of first stage larvae per gram of faeces was determined for each animal, and the species of Protostrongylidae (Nematoda) identified. Larval excretion was irregular during the study. The prevalence and intensity of infection were greater in the colder months (40.9%; x=12.3 ± 40.4) and less in the warmer months The species of Protostrongylidae identified and prevalences (%) were Neostrongylus linearis (71.5), Muellerius capillaris (18.8) and Cystocaulus ocreatus (9.7). Between November and March, with low temperatures, the prevalence and intensity of parasitism with N. linearis and M. capillaris were greater than in the months with high temperatures (May to September). Multiple linear regression analysis showed statistical correlation between temperature, relative humidity and rainfall considered together and the number of N. linearis larvae per gram of faeces. Linear regression showed a correlation between the temperature and the percentage of sheep that passed M. capillaris. In general, the prevalence and intensity of infection of the sheep with N. linearis, M. capillaris and C. ocreatus larvae decrease when the temperature increases and increase when the relative humidity and rainfall increases.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURES ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF CZECH FLECKVIEH COWS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Večeřa ◽  
D. Falta ◽  
G. Chládek
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Lying Down

A group of 98 Czech Fleckvieh cows (one section) was observed over the period of one year with the aim to determine the variation in their milk performance and behaviour at cowshed different cowshed temperatures. Behaviour were recorded once a week (on the same day) at 10:00. Periods of 8 weeks with the highest temperature (hot period – H) and of 8 weeks with the lowest temperature (cold period – L) were then compared. The cows were housed in one section (1/4 of the total capacity) of the free-cubicle shed and where the cubicles were distributed into three rows. Row A (32 cubicles) was close to the feeding plateau, row B (33 cubicles) was in the centre and row C (38 cubicles) was peripheral, close to the side wall. The cowshed temperature was monitored on a daily basis and the mean temperature was 23.2 °C in the hot period and -1.7°C in the cold period, relative humidity 60.2 % (H) and 74.6 % (L) and THI 69.4 (H) and 33.4 (L). The behaviour of the cows was recorded 1568 times, showing them mostly lying down (1037) or standing (531). The cows tended to prefer lying down on their left sides (594 observations) as opposed to their right sides (443).

scholarly journals Entomological Investigations, Seasonal Fluctuations and Impact of Bioclimate Factors of Phlebotomines Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of an Emerging Focus of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Aichoun, Central Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fatima Zahra Talbi ◽  
Abdelhakim El Ouali Lalami ◽  
Mouhcine Fadil ◽  
Mohamed Najy ◽  
Hassan Ech-Chafay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
One Year ◽  
Two Peaks

Leishmaniasis diseases are endemic in Morocco. An entomological survey was conducted in Aichoun locality for 1 year from September 2013 to August 2014. The objective of this study was to investigate the sand fly fauna, mainly the species composition and the monthly species prevalence in accordance with bioclimate factors. Sand flies were collected twice a month, using sticky traps and CDC light traps. During a one-year study, 4472 specimens of sand fly were caught (72.56% male/22.44% female) that were composed of seven species divided into two genera: Phlebotomus (99.46%) and Sergentomyia (0.53%). Ph. sergenti was the most prevalent species (46.64%), followed by Ph. perniciosus (38.19%), Ph. longicuspis (9.32%), Ph. papatasi (5.23%), and Ph. ariasi (0.06%). The genus Sergentomyia was even less frequent. The population dynamics showed a bimodal trend with two peaks: the first one in October (12.03% of specimens) and the second in June (27.92% of specimens). The study of the effects of climatic factors in the study area showed a link between the dynamics of sand flies and the variation of these parameters (temperature and relative humidity). During the period between November and March, the sand flies were absent. The highest prevalence of sand flies was recorded in June when the temperature and relative humidity values reached, respectively, 25.8°C and 42%. The minimum number of specimens was collected in September with an average temperature of 23.19°C and relative humidity of 57.4%. Statistical analysis with principal component analysis has shown a strong positive correlation between temperature parameters and the seasonal distribution of sand flies. The climatic factor of relative humidity has been judged of being negatively correlated. The wind speed does not have any impact on the relative abundance of all species. Within this context, the results will be useful for the development of a monitoring program to better manage the operations and evaluate their effectiveness.

scholarly journals MATERNAL CARE IN THE NEOTROPICAL HARVESTMAN BOURGUYIA ALBIORNATA (ARACHNIDA: OPILIONES): OVIPOSITION SITE SELECTION AND EGG PROTECTION

Behaviour ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1509-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glauco Machado ◽  
Paulo Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Care ◽  
Oviposition Site ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Oviposition Site Selection ◽  
Egg Protection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Reproductive Events ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Curled Leaves

AbstractFemales of the harvestman Bourguyia albiornata oviposit almost exclusively inside the tube formed by the curled leaves of the bromeliad Aechmea nudicaulis. Oviposition is not correlated with rainfall or with temperature, but is negatively correlated with the number of individuals of A. nudicaulis emitting flowers. Because the inflorescence stalk occupies the tube of leaves of flowering bromeliads, oviposition site is not available for ovigerous females. During one year, 83.6% of the females produced only one egg-batch and the remaining produced two or three batches. The mean number of eggs per batch along successive reproductive events decreased significantly. A field experiment in which females were removed from the nest bromeliad showed that less than 7% of the unprotected eggs survived beyond two weeks. In a control in which females were maintained over the eggs, predators attacked only one egg-batch. Ants were the most important egg predators, and at the study site at least 20 species nest and/or forage in A. nudicaulis. Intense predation on eggs by generalist predators may be an important pressure promoting parental care in Neotropical harvestmen.

scholarly journals Climate Variability, Dengue Vector Abundance and Dengue Fever Cases in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Time-Series Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Sabrina Islam ◽  
C. Emdad Haque ◽  
Shakhawat Hossain ◽  
John Hanesiak
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Climate Change And Variability ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Vector Abundance ◽  
The Mean

Numerous studies on climate change and variability have revealed that these phenomena have noticeable influence on the epidemiology of dengue fever, and such relationships are complex due to the role of the vector—the Aedes mosquitoes. By undertaking a step-by-step approach, the present study examined the effects of climatic factors on vector abundance and subsequent effects on dengue cases of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Here, we first analyzed the time-series of Stegomyia indices for Aedes mosquitoes in relation to temperature, rainfall and relative humidity for 2002–2013, and then in relation to reported dengue cases in Dhaka. These data were analyzed at three sequential stages using the generalized linear model (GLM) and generalized additive model (GAM). Results revealed strong evidence that an increase in Aedes abundance is associated with the rise in temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall during the monsoon months, that turns into subsequent increases in dengue incidence. Further we found that (i) the mean rainfall and the lag mean rainfall were significantly related to Container Index, and (ii) the Breteau Index was significantly related to the mean relative humidity and mean rainfall. The relationships of dengue cases with Stegomyia indices and with the mean relative humidity, and the lag mean rainfall were highly significant. In examining longitudinal (2001–2013) data, we found significant evidence of time lag between mean rainfall and dengue cases.

scholarly journals The Effect of Low and High Cowshed Temperatures on the Behaviour and Milk Performance of Czech Fleckvieh Cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1153-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Večeřa ◽  
Daniel Falta ◽  
Radek Filipčík ◽  
Gustav Chládek ◽  
Francois Lategan
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Lying Down

Abstract A group of 98 Czech Fleckvieh cows (one section) was observed over the period of one year with the aim to determine the variation in their milk performance and behaviour at different cowshed temperatures. Behaviour and milk yield were recorded once a week (on the same day) at 10:00. Periods of 8 weeks with the highest temperature (hot period - H) and of 8 weeks with the lowest temperature (cold period - L) were then compared. The cows were housed in one section (1/4 of the total capacity) of the free-stall cubicle shed and where the cubicles were distributed into three rows. Row A (32 cubicles) was close to the feeding plateau, row B (33 cubicles) was in the centre and row C (38 cubicles) was peripheral, close to the side wall. The cowshed temperature was monitored on a daily basis and the mean temperature was 23.2°C in the hot period and -1.7°C in the cold period, relative humidity 60.2% (H) and 74.6% (L), and THI 69.4 (H) and 33.4 (L). The behaviour of the cows was recorded 1568 times, showing them mostly lying down (1037) or standing (531). The cows tended to prefer lying down on their left sides (594 observations) as opposed to their right sides (443). Row A was favoured by the cows (418) and row B was the least popular (377). The cows produced significantly more milk in H period than in L period (0.3 kg per day). The cows lying down were older (3.18 lactations) than the standing cows (2.99 lactations) and they tended to produce more milk per day (by 0.6 kg) but the difference was found to be insignificant. The cows lying resting on their left side produced more milk per day (0.9 kg) and were older (0.02 lactations). The cows in row C were the youngest (2.94 lactations) and the cows in row B were in the last days in milk (144.1 days).

scholarly journals Survey of Forensically Important Calliphoridae in Samsun

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Kökdener ◽  
Erdal Polat
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Chrysomya Albiceps ◽  
Minimum Relative Humidity ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
One Year

Objective: This study was conducted from June 2009 to 2010 in north of Turkey, province Samsun. The objective was to determine forensically important Calliphoridae (Diptera) species and their seasonal distribution on dog carrcass during one year, this studies were carried out in a three different area of Samsun.Material and Methods: Three dogs carcass (Canis lupus familiaris L.), weighing approximately 15-20 kg each, were used as models for studying decomposition and insect succession in each experiments. Ambient daily temperature (maximum and minimum), relative humidity (RH) were recorded and existing keys were used for identification of different species.Results: Lucillia sericata (Meigen), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), Calliphora vomitoria (Linnaeus) and Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy) species were encountered. It was shown that the seasonal distribution of the collected species was different from each other. Chrysomya albiceps was observed in summer, auntumn and spring. In the spring and winter, the dominant fly species were Calliphora vicina. The rate of carcass's decomposition was faster in summer and autumn as compared to spring and winter. Results indicated that ambient temperature is the chief factor determining the seasonal variations in decay rate.Conclusion: This report also identified some of the Calliphoridae that occur in north of Turkey. The importance of regional faunistic studies of the calliphoridous community, the results of which may be applied to forensic practice in the future.Keywords: Forensic entomology, insect succession, corpse, postmortem interval, decomposition.

EPIDEMIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND PREVALENCE OF SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS FROM KOSHI REGION OF NORTH BIHAR.

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LAKSHMI CHOUDHARY ◽  
PRABHAWATI PRABHAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Prevalence of soil transmitted helminthes infections in apparently healthy school going children and other 528 people of different districts of Koshi regions of North Bihar were evaluated. Over all incidences of STHs infection was 39.39% during study. High incidence of STH was seen in the rainy season i.e., in the month of July and August, September, significantly higher (P<0.05) .The incidence of Ascaris lumbricoides was highest in the month of August (18.64%). The month of September was 15.25% followed by that of July (14.4%) and October with 10.16%. Also the incidence of hookworm registered the highest incidence in the month of June (19.27%) and lowest in the month of December (4.82%) during the study period. However prevalence of Trichuris trichiura was negligible and it was almost nil in the most of the months but was highest in month of September with 28.57% and lowest in October with 14.00% The climatic factors are responsible for soil transmitted helminthes which are temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. Ascariasis, Trichuriasis and Ancyclostomiasis (Hookworm infection) are found to be endemic in this region.

Clinical, epidemiological and climatic factors related to the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area in northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Oliveira ◽  
K. B. A. Pimentel ◽  
M. L. Moura ◽  
C. F. Aragão ◽  
A. S. Guimarães-e-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control

Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease with a wide distribution in the Americas. Brazil is an endemic country and present cases in all states. This study aimed to describe the occurrence, the underlying clinical and epidemiological factors, and the correlation of climatic variables with the frequency of reported CL cases in the municipality of Caxias, state of Maranhão, Brazil. This is a retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study based on data extracted from the Brazilian Information System of Diseases Notification, from 2007 to 2017. Maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, and relative air humidity data were provided by the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. A total of 201 reported autochthonous CL cases were analyzed. The predominance of cases was observed in males (70.1%). The age range between 31 and 60 years old was the most affected, with 96 cases (47.9%). Of the total number of registered cases, 38.8% of the affected individuals were engaged in agriculture-related activities. The georeferenced distribution revealed the heterogeneity of disease occurrence, with cases concentrated in the Western and Southern regions of the municipality. An association was detected between relative air humidity (monthly mean) and the number of CL cases per month (p = 0.04). CL continues to be a concerning public health issue in Caxias. In this context, there is a pressing need to strengthen measures of prevention and control of the disease through the network of health services of the municipality, considering local and regional particularities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document