scholarly journals Soil fauna as an indicator of soil quality in forest stands, pasture and secondary forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1407-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Vieira da Cunha Neto ◽  
Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia ◽  
Guilherme Henrique Almeida Pereira ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Paulo Sérgio dos Santos Leles
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Invertebrate ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Environmental Variations

The interactions between soil invertebrates and environmental variations are relatively unknown in the assessment of soil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil quality in areas with different soil management systems, based on soil fauna as indicator, in Além Paraíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The soil invertebrate community was sampled using pitfall traps, in the dry and rainy seasons, from areas with five vegetation types (acacia, mimosa, eucalyptus, pasture, and secondary forest). The abundance of organisms and the total and average richness, Shannon's diversity index, the Pielou uniformity index, and change index V were determined. The fauna was most abundant in the areas of secondary forest and mimosa plantations in the dry season (111.3 and 31.7 individuals per trap per day, respectively). In the rainy season, the abundance of organisms in the three vegetation types did not differ. The highest values of average and total richness were recorded in the secondary forest in the dry season and in the mimosa stand in the rainy season. Shannon's index ranged from 1.57 in areas with acacia and eucalyptus in the rainy season to 3.19 in the eucalyptus area in the dry season. The uniformity index was highest in forest stands (eucalyptus, acacia and mimosa) in the dry season, but higher in the rainy season in the pasture and secondary forest than in the forest stands. The change index V indicated that the percentage of extremely inhibited groups was lowest in the area with mimosa, both in the dry and rainy season (36 and 23 %, respectively). Of all forest stands, the mimosa area had the most abundant soil fauna.

scholarly journals Optical and SAR Remote Sensing Synergism for Mapping Vegetation Types in the Endangered Cerrado/Amazon Ecotone of Nova Mutum—Mato Grosso

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia de Souza Mendes ◽  
Daniel Baron ◽  
Gerhard Gerold ◽  
Veraldo Liesenberg ◽  
Stefan Erasmi
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
Sentinel 2A

Mapping vegetation types through remote sensing images has proved to be effective, especially in large biomes, such as the Brazilian Cerrado, which plays an important role in the context of management and conservation at the agricultural frontier of the Amazon. We tested several combinations of optical and radar images to identify the four dominant vegetation types that are prevalent in the Cerrado area (i.e., cerrado denso, cerradão, gallery forest, and secondary forest). We extracted features from both sources of data such as intensity, grey level co-occurrence matrix, coherence, and polarimetric decompositions using Sentinel 2A, Sentinel 1A, ALOS-PALSAR 2 dual/full polarimetric, and TanDEM-X images during the dry and rainy season of 2017. In order to normalize the analysis of these features, we used principal component analysis and subsequently applied the Random Forest algorithm to evaluate the classification of vegetation types. During the dry season, the overall accuracy ranged from 48 to 83%, and during the dry and rainy seasons it ranged from 41 up to 82%. The classification using Sentinel 2A images during the dry season resulted in the highest overall accuracy and kappa values, followed by the classification that used images from all sensors during the dry and rainy season. Optical images during the dry season were sufficient to map the different types of vegetation in our study area.

scholarly journals Aquatic Macro-invertebrates as Bio-indicators: An Approach for Wetland Water Quality Assessment of Rampur Ghol, Chitwan, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Birendra Gautam ◽  
Rejina Maskey ◽  
Ramesh Prasad Sapkota ◽  
Dharma Raj Dangol
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Quality Class ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Index Value

The present research was conducted to study seasonal limnological parameters and record composition pattern of aquatic macro-invertebrates of the Rampur Ghol. GRS-BIOS/ASPT index was used to calculate the water quality class, Shannon Weiner diversity index (H’) and Piélou evenness index (e) were used to determine taxa richness of the macroinvertebrates. Altogether 281 individuals of 14 families and 313 individuals of 18 families were recorded in dry season and rainy season, respectively. Similarly, diversity index and evenness index values were recorded 0.98 and 0.85 in dry season; 1.075 and 0.86 in rainy season. On the basis of different aquatic macro-invertebrates, GRS-BIOS/ASPT Index value of four sampling sites fall in class II (moderately polluted), four sampling sites belong to water quality class IIIII (critically polluted) and remaining two sampling sites belong to water quality class III (heavily polluted). Similarly, in rainy season seven sites fall in water quality class II (moderately polluted) and three sampling sites belong to water quality class II-III (critically polluted).Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 58-64

scholarly journals Avian Communities of a Mixed Mopane-Acacia Savanna in the Cuvelai Drainage System, North-Central Namibia, During the Dry and Wet Season

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
North Central ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Dominance Structure ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

Abstract Studies were conducted by means of the Line Transect Method in late rainy season (March), in the middle of dry season (July) and at beginning of rainy season (November).Th e total length of all transects was c. 11 km. In total, 70 resident and 13 nonresidentspecies were recorded. Th e number of species in dry season was significantly lower than in rainy season (x2-test: 14.1; p < 0.01). Th e highly significant seasonal differences in abundance were recorded for the following species: Streptopelia senegalensis, Streptopelia capicola, Uraeginthus angolensis, Cisticola juncidis, Upupa africana, Cynniris mariquensis, and Numida meleagris. In overall, five species have been classified as dominants: Streptopelia senegalensis, Streptopelia capicola, Uraeginthus angolensis, Plocepasser mahali and Cypsiurus parvus. They comprised together 43.9 %. Significant variations in the dominance structure between the wet and dry season have been evidenced. Granivores were much more numerous in the dry than in the wet season, while for the insectivores the reverse was true. Although Sorensen Coefficient was much the same between all three seasons, the Shannon’s Diversity Index was lower in July than in March and November.

scholarly journals Soil macrofauna as a bioindicator of soil quality in successional agroforestry systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e580101019144
Author(s):  
Rafaela Martins da Silva ◽  
Rakiely Martins da Silva ◽  
Sandra Santana de Lima ◽  
Jianne Rafaela Mazzini de Souza ◽  
Jheny Kesley Mazzini de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Time Of Collection

The objective of this study was to evaluate soil macrofauna as a bioindicator of soil quality in successional agroforestry systems and secondary forests. The study was conducted in the southern lower region of Bahia in Brazil, in two areas: a successional agroforestry system (AFS18) and native forest (NF).  AFS18 consists of two species: mahogany (Khaya ivorensis and Khaya grandifoliola), açaí (Euterpe oleracea), cacao (Theobroma cacau) and banana (Musa spp.).  Sampling was carried out in the dry (June) and rainy (October) seasons of 2019, and eight soil monoliths were collected in both areas.  A total of 889 individuals from the soil macrofauna were sampled. The highest frequency (RF) of taxons occurred in NF in the rainy season, and the groups that stood out were: Oligochaeta with 42% FR in ASF18, Formicide with 33.9% in NF and Isoptera with 58% in AFS18. The macrofauna structure of the soil varied according to the time of collection. The density of macrofauna individuals differed between areas only in the dry season. The highest number of ind.m² was observed in the area NF (378) when compared to ASF18 (196). TOC, Mg2+, Al3+ and CTC were related to AF on both occasions of collection and AFS18 in the rainy season, K+, P and pH were associated with AFS18 in the dry season. The diversity, equitability and richness of the soil macrofauna was greater in AF area. HFA18 in the rainy season was similar to NF, favoring colonization of the area by soil macrofauna organisms.

scholarly journals Preliminary Data to Composition of Zooplankton in the Khe The Stream, My Son Sanctuary, Quang Nam Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngo Xuan Nam
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Study Sites

The zooplankton samples were collected in 30 collecting sites from 22th August to 10th September and from 17th October to 05th November 2016. Investigation of species compositon of zooplankton in the Khe The stream, My Son Sanctuary, Quang Nam province was identified 36 species belonging to 22 genera of 13 families, 5 orders, 2 classes (Eurotatoria, Crustacea), 2 phyla (Rotatoria, Arthropoda). In particular, Rotatoria was by far the most popular with 20 species, accounting for roughly 55.6%, compared to the figure of Arthropoda was 16 species, occupying approximately 44.4%. The density of zooplankton at the sampling sites averaged 11,945 individuals/m3, from 5,000 to 25,000 individuals/m3 in dry season; averaged 8,500 individuals/m3, from 5,000 to 16,667 individuals/m3 in rainy season. The Shannon-Weiner (H') diversity index at the study sites averaged 1.84, from 1.44 to 2.58 in dry season; averaged 1.66, from 0.72 to 2.45 in rainy season.

scholarly journals Soil fauna changes across Atlantic Forest succession

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia ◽  
Rodrigo Camara ◽  
Claudia Reis Ferreira ◽  
Alexander Silva Resende ◽  
Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Forest Fragments

The soil fauna can be used as a bioindicator of soil quality and ecosystem functioning. The present study aimed to assess the effect of the Atlantic Forest secondary succession on the structure and composition of the soil fauna community in Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro. We selected five areas along a gradient of forest succession: pasture (PA) and four forest fragments (FF1, FF2, FF3, FF4), which are in a toposequence. Thus, we divided the areas in upper, middle and lower thirds and delimitated a transect (20 m) in each third. In the dry season 2010, a metalic square (0.25 m x 0.25 m) was released in five points spaced 5 m apart, in each transect. The soil fauna was manually captured on samples of the litter standing stock and blocks of the topsoil (0.00-0.10 m), circumscribed to the square, in the forest fragments. In PA, we colected only the topsoil blocks. The complexity of the structure and composition of the soil fauna community increased in the topsoil and litter standing stock, along the successional gradient. However, the similarity among the areas was much greater in the litter standing stock, in comparison to the topsoil.

scholarly journals Struktur Komunitas Fitoplankton sebagai Dasar Pengelolaan Kualitas Perairan Pantai Mangrove di Tapak Tugurejo Semarang

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Nurul Lathifah ◽  
Jafron Wasiq Hidayat ◽  
Fuad Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Rain Season

Phytoplankton has of important role in water as of base of the food chain this is also can service a bioindicator the pollution of waters. This study aims to assess the phytoplankton community structure in Tapak Semarang, assessing the level of fertility of inshore mangrove community, and to assess the water quality of inshore. Samples were take in is in the mangrove region of Tapak Semarang. This study was conducted in May 2016 (rain season) and in September 2016 (dry season). Selection of the stations were based on different environmental conditions in the research include the pond and public waters in the waters of coastal mangrove the soles of Semarang. Analysis of index diversity, index evennes and index saprobik. The results showed that the spesies of phytoplankton obtained during the study on mangrove coastal waters Tapak Tugurejo Semarang were 13 species (rainy season) and 25 species (dry season). The most common species of phytoplankton found in all stations wereCerataulina bergonii, Nitzhcia sp, Rhizosolenia spp, Synedra ulna, Netrium digitus, Gloeotrichia echinulata, and Oscillatoria Formosa. Index of species diversity (H’) that exist in mangrove coastal waters Tapak Tugurejo Semarang were in the range of 0.73 to 1.95 low to moderate with low to moderate quality of stabilities during the rainy season. Mean while in the dry season of high species diversity index in the range of 2.24 to 2.82 which indicated stability of the ecosystem was low to moderate. The value of evennes index (e) ranged from 0.66 to 0.97 during the rainy season, and 0.90 to 0.94 in the dry seasons these indices illustrated that each station has a moderate to high similaritas. In term of saprobitas level it was at Oligosaprobik state to β-Meso/Oligosaprobik describe very mild to light polluted. The quality of mangrove coastal waters based DO, temperature, salinity and pH are still good for fish farming. Keywords: community structure, phytoplankton, Tapak, Tugurejo, Semarang..

scholarly journals Temporal Soil Moisture Variations in Different Vegetation Cover Types in Karst Areas of Southwest China: A Plot Scale Case Study

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuwen Zhou ◽  
Zhiyan Sun ◽  
Xiaolin Liu ◽  
Xiaocha Wei ◽  
Zheng Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Forest Lands

For different vegetation types, soil moisture content shows varying characteristics in different seasons and under different precipitation conditions. However, these characteristics have not been extensively analyzed in karst regions of southwest China. In this study, the soil moisture content of four plots of bare land, grassland, shrubland, and forestland was monitored, and the soil moisture content and corresponding meteorological data for each plot were analyzed. The results indicate that the average soil moisture content in grassland was the highest with weak temporal variation and that in bare, shrub, and forest lands soil moisture content was low with moderate temporal variation. The average soil moisture content in bare, grass, and forest lands was higher in the rainy season than in the dry season, whereas in shrubland, the soil moisture content was higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. Increase in soil moisture content during each precipitation event correlated with the rainfall amount. With increasing rainfall amount, soil moisture content in forest and shrub lands increased more than in bare and grass lands. The peak soil moisture time in each vegetation type plot varied and the peak soil moisture time was related to soil moisture content before a rainfall event. Temperature showed a strong negative correlation with soil moisture content for all vegetation cover types in both the dry and rainy season. Wind speed also showed a strong negative correlation with soil moisture content for all vegetation types during the dry season. Relative humidity had a strong positive correlation with soil moisture content in bare, shrub, and forest lands during the dry season as well as in the four vegetation types during the rainy season. These results demonstrate the variations in soil water characteristics across different vegetation types in karst regions of southwest China.

scholarly journals Modification of Topsoil Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Macroinvertebrates Structure Consecutive to the Conversion of Secondary Forests into Rubber Plantations in Grand-Lahou, Côte d’Ivoire

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1235-1255
Author(s):  
N'dri Kouadio Julien ◽  
Kévin Kouadio N’Guessan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soil Macroinvertebrates

The objective of this investigation was to assess the modifications of topsoil physico-chemical characteristics and macroinvertebrates structure consecutive to the conversion of secondary forests into rubber plantations and how these change with the aging of the plantations and the season. The sampling design was constituted of four treatments: secondary forest referred to as baseline land use, 7-, 12- and 25 year old rubber plantations. Three replications per land use type were randomly established in each of the selected treatments, thus totaling 12 sampling areas. On each sampling area, a 40 m transect was established. The litter dwelling and topsoil (0-10 cm) macroinvertebrates were sampled, respectively, by using the pitfall traps and monoliths (50 cm × 50 cm × 10 cm) following the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility method. The soil physical and chemical parameters were measured along the 40 m transect. The results showed that the conversion of secondary forest into plantations was characterized by a modification of the density of soil macroinvertebrates (dry season: -50 and -24% vs. rainy season: -61 and +32%), taxonomic richness of soil macroinvertebrates (dry season: +7 and -14% vs. rainy season: -21 and -14%), water content (dry season: -41 and -5% vs. rainy season: -62 and -31%), bulk density (dry season: +6 and -3% vs. rainy season: +33 and +29%), soil organic carbon (dry season: -73 and -59% vs. rainy season: -67 and -51%) and total nitrogen (dry season: -68 and -58% vs. rainy season: -64 and -52%), respectively, after about 7 and 25 years of conversion. The restoration processes did not cause significant changes in the soil physico-chemical and biological characteristics after 25 years of forests conversion. However, the study highlighted the improvement in the soil ecological quality due to a reduction in soil degradation, and an increase in the density of macroinvertebrates (+235%), taxono mic richness (+9%), water content (+84%), soil organic carbon (+50%) and total nitrogen (+33%) in the 25 year old plantations compared to the 7 year old plantations.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Surface Water Quality and Diversity of Zoobenthos in Water Bodies, An Giang Province, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Nguyen T. Giao ◽  
Huynh T.H. Nhien ◽  
Truong H. Dan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

The use of zoobenthos to evaluate water quality has gained considerable interest due to its low cost and environmental friendliness. This study analyzed water and zoobenthos samples at 13 sites in the water bodies in An Giang province in the rainy season (on March) and dry season (on September) in 2018. The results showed that the surface water was contaminated by organic matters, suspended solids and coliforms. There was occurrence of 28 species of zoobenthos divided into five classes including Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, Insecta, Gastropoda, and Bivalvia in which Bivalvia was the most diverse class accounting for 75%. The densities of zoobenthos in the dry and wet season were from 30 divided into three clusters for the dry season and six clusters for the rainy season indicating seasonal variation of zoobenthos composition possibly due to variance of water and sediment characteristics. The results of Pearson correlation indicated that the composition of zoobenthos was strongly correlated with temperature, pH, N-NH4+ and N-NO3-. Using water quality index (WQI), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) and associated average score per taxon (ASPT) for water quality assessment revealed that water quality ranges from medium (from α to β- mesosaprobe) to heavy pollution (Polysaprobe). There was inconsistency between using physicochemicals and diversity index of zoobenthos for water quality identification leading to the use of zoobenthos for water indication could result in misadjustment of water quality. Further study should investigate the relationship between zoobenthos and water quality in different ecological areas to better indicate role of zoobenthos in quick diagnose water quality.

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