scholarly journals Variability of root traits in common bean genotypes at different levels of phosphorus supply and ontogenetic stages

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1170-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto dos Santos Trindade ◽  
Adelson Paulo Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Ontogenetic Stages ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars with enhanced root growth would be a strategy for increasing P uptake and grain yield in tropical soils, but the strong plasticity of root traits may compromise their inclusion in breeding programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of the genotypic variability of root traits in common bean plants at two ontogenetic stages and two soil P levels. Twenty-four common bean genotypes, comprising the four growth habits that exist in the species and two wild genotypes, were grown in 4 kg pots at two levels of applied P (20 and 80 mg kg-1) and harvested at the stages of pod setting and early pod filling. Root area and root length were measured by digital image analysis. Significant genotype × P level and genotype × harvest interactions in analysis of variance indicate that the genotypic variation of root traits depended on soil nutrient availability and the stage at which evaluation was made. Genotypes differed for taproot mass, basal and lateral root mass, root area and root length at both P levels and growth stages; differences in specific root area and length were small. Genotypes with growth habits II (upright indeterminate) and III (prostrate indeterminate) showed better adaptation to limited P supply than genotypes of groups I (determinate) and IV (indeterminate climbing). Between the two harvests, genotypes of groups II and III increased the mass of basal and lateral roots by 40 and 50 %, respectively, whereas genotypes of groups I and IV by only 7 and 19 %. Values of the genotypic coefficient of determination, which estimates the proportion of phenotypic variance resulting from genetic effects, were higher at early pod filling than at pod setting. Correlations between shoot mass and root mass, which could indicate indirect selection of root systems via aboveground biomass, were higher at early pod filling than at pod setting. The results indicate that selection for root traits in common bean genotypes should preferentially be performed at the early pod-filling stage.

scholarly journals Characterization of Root System Architecture Traits in Diverse Soybean Genotypes Using a Semi-Hydroponic System

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2781
Author(s):  
Shuo Liu ◽  
Naheeda Begum ◽  
Tingting An ◽  
Tuanjie Zhao ◽  
Bingcheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

Phenotypic variation and correlations among root traits form the basis for selecting and breeding soybean varieties with efficient access to water and nutrients and better adaptation to abiotic stresses. Therefore, it is important to develop a simple and consistent system to study root traits in soybean. In this study, we adopted the semi-hydroponic system to investigate the variability in root morphological traits of 171 soybean genotypes popularized in the Yangtze and Huaihe River regions, eastern China. Highly diverse phenotypes were observed: shoot height (18.7–86.7 cm per plant with a median of 52.3 cm); total root length (208–1663 cm per plant with a median of 885 cm); and root mass (dry weight) (19.4–251 mg per plant with a median of 124 mg). Both total root length and root mass exhibited significant positive correlation with shoot mass (p ≤ 0.05), indicating their relationship with plant growth and adaptation strategies. The nine selected traits contributed to one of the two principal components (eigenvalues > 1), accounting for 78.9% of the total genotypic variation. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis separated the 171 genotypes into five major groups based on these root traits. Three selected genotypes with contrasting root systems were validated in soil-filled rhizoboxes (1.5 m deep) until maturity. Consistent ranking of the genotypes in some important root traits at various growth stages between the two experiments indicates the reliability of the semi-hydroponic system in phenotyping root trait variability at the early growth stage in soybean germplasms.

scholarly journals Sample size for measurement of root traits on common bean by image analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelson Paulo Araújo ◽  
Aurélio Magno Fernandes ◽  
Flavio Yuudi Kubota ◽  
Felipe Costa Brasil ◽  
Marcelo Grandi Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Trait ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Root Sample ◽  
Two Samples

Evaluation of root traits may be facilitated if they are assessed on samples of the root system. The objective of this work was to determine the sample size of the root system in order to estimate root traits of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars by digital image analysis. One plant was grown per pot and harvested at pod setting, with 64 and 16 pots corresponding to two and four cultivars in the first and second experiments, respectively. Root samples were scanned up to the completeness of the root system and the root area and length were estimated. Scanning a root sample demanded 21 minutes, and scanning the entire root system demanded 4 hours and 53 minutes. In the first experiment, root area and length estimated with two samples showed, respectively, a correlation of 0.977 and 0.860, with these traits measured in the entire root. In the second experiment, the correlation was 0.889 and 0.915. The increase in the correlation with more than two samples was negligible. The two samples corresponded to 13.4% and 16.9% of total root mass (excluding taproot and nodules) in the first and second experiments. Taproot stands for a high proportion of root mass and must be deducted on root trait estimations. Samples with nearly 15% of total root mass produce reliable root trait estimates.

scholarly journals Integrating GWAS and Gene Expression Analysis Identifies Candidate Genes for Root Morphology Traits in Maize at the Seedling Stage

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Wei ◽  
Li ◽  
Wang ◽  
Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Short Root

Root system plays an essential role in water and nutrient acquisition in plants. Understanding the genetic basis of root development will be beneficial for breeding new cultivars with efficient root system to enhance resource use efficiency in maize. Here, the natural variation of 13 root and 3 shoot traits was evaluated in 297 maize inbred lines and genome-wide association mapping was conducted to identify SNPs associated with target traits. All measured traits exhibited 2.02- to 21.36-fold variations. A total of 34 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for 13 traits, and each individual QTL explained 5.7% to 15.9% of the phenotypic variance. Three pleiotropic QTLs involving five root traits were identified; SNP_2_104416607 was associated with lateral root length (LRL), root surface area (RA), root length between 0 and 0.5mm in diameter (RL005), and total root length (TRL); SNP_2_184016997 was associated with RV and RA, and SNP_4_168917747 was associated with LRL, RA and TRL. The expression levels of candidate genes in root QTLs were evaluated by RNA-seq among three long-root lines and three short-root lines. A total of five genes that showed differential expression between the long- and short-root lines were identified as promising candidate genes for the target traits. These QTLs and the potential candidate genes are important source data to understand root development and genetic improvement of root traits in maize.

scholarly journals Identification of Putative Molecular Markers Associated with Root Traits in Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devaraja Achar ◽  
Mallikarjuana G. Awati ◽  
M. Udayakumar ◽  
T. G. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Single Marker Analysis ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio

Coffea canephora exhibit poor root system and are very sensitive to drought stress that affects growth and production. Deeper root system has been largely empirical as better avoidance to soil water limitation in drought condition. The present study aimed to identify molecular markers linked to high root types in Coffea canephora using molecular markers. Contrasting parents, L1 valley with low root and S.3334 with high root type, were crossed, and 134 F1 individuals were phenotyped for root and associated physiological traits (29 traits) and genotyped with 41 of the 320 RAPD and 9 of the 55 SSR polymorphic primers. Single marker analysis was deployed for detecting the association of markers linked to root associated traits by SAS software. There were 13 putative RAPD markers associated with root traits such as root length, secondary roots, root dry weight, and root to shoot ratio, in which root length associated marker OPS1850 showed high phenotypic variance of 6.86%. Two microsatellite markers linked to root length (CPCM13400) and root to shoot ratio (CM211300). Besides, 25 markers were associated with more than one trait and few of the markers were associated with positively related physiological traits and can be used in marker assisted trait selection.

scholarly journals Roots With Larger Specific Root Length and C: N Ratio Sustain More Complex Nematode Community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingru Zhang ◽  
Zhengkun Hu ◽  
Chongzhe Zhang ◽  
Yiheng Tao ◽  
Xiaoyun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Nematode Diversity

Abstract Aims Roots bridge above and belowground systems, and play a pivotal role in structuring root-associated organisms via influencing food resources and habitat conditions. Most studies focused on the relationships between plant identity and root-associated organisms, however, little is known about how root traits affect nematode communities within the rhizosphere. Methods We investigated the relationships between root traits of four plant species and nematode diversity, community structure and trophic complexity in an ex-arable field. Results While the relative abundance of herbivorous nematodes was negatively associated with specific root length (SRL), specific root area (SRA), root length density (RLD) and root C: N ratio, free-living nematodes were positively affected by these traits, implying a multifaceted effect of root traits on root-associated organisms. Importantly, we found that finer root systems promoted the complexity of the nematode community, by increasing the relative abundance of high trophic-level nematodes (i.e., omnivores and predators) and enhancing nematode diversity. Conclusion Our findings suggest that root traits could be reliable indicators of soil community structure and interactions, and provide new insights into soil biodiversity and functional maintenance.

scholarly journals Comparison of Field Crops with Tap and Fibrous Root System at Early and Late Growth Stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1181-1187
Author(s):  
Hayati Akman
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Fibrous Roots ◽  
Late Growth

Knowledge of root architecture is significant since it influences on pathways from, photosynthesis products, water and nutrient movement. This study purposed to elucidate root mass, root length, root/shoot ratio, root/total mass ratio and above-ground characteristics in Vicia pannonica Crantz., Carthamus tinctorius L. and Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L. with taproot and Triticum aestivum L., Hordeum vulgare L. conv. distichon, X Triticosecale Wittmack, Avena sativa L. and Secale cereale L. with fibrous roots at 200 cm long tubes under field-grown condition. Crop harvesting is based on early and late growth stages of cereal crops. The results indicated that winter field crops had a wide range of differences with regard to root and above-ground traits at both growth stages. The root traits of field crop species varied considerably from 0.3 to 5.9 g and 2.4 to 11.9 g for root mass and 84.7 to 127.7 cm and 84.5 to 166 cm for root length at early and late growth stages respectively, while shoot mass was between 0.3–5.7 g and 5.5–29.8 g. Furthermore, the percentage distribution of root mass accumulated in 0-20 cm root length at early and late growth stages, ranged between 52.3 to 81.4 % and 27.7 to 75.2 %, respectively. The findings showed that crops with taproot had less root and shoot mass and shorter root length than cereals with fibrous roots at both growth stages. This study also significantly advances our understanding of root-shoot competition by comparing the agronomical traits of winter field crops with tap and fibrous roots at different growth stages.

scholarly journals Root Trait Diversity in Field Grown Durum Wheat and Comparison with Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2545
Author(s):  
Ridha Boudiar ◽  
Alejandra Cabeza ◽  
Miriam Fernández-Calleja ◽  
Antonio Pérez-Torres ◽  
Ana M. Casas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Soil Volume

Roots are important for crop adaptation, particularly in dryland environments. We evaluated root development of 37 durum wheat genotypes (modern cultivars and landraces) in the field at the adult plant stage, through a shovelomics approach. Large genotypic variability was found for root traits. Differences between the landraces and modern cultivars were the main driver of this variation, with landraces showing higher plant vigor for roots and shoots. Nonetheless, genotypic variation within groups was also observed, related to different models of root growth, largely independent of total root length. These two models represented root growth were oriented either to occupy more soil volume, or to occupy less soil volume with increased density. The field results were then compared with root data previously collected in seedlings using a filter paper-based method, to assess whether early root anticipated adult root features. Field plants showed a narrower root angle than seedlings. In particular, landraces presented a narrower root angle than cultivars, but only at seedling stage. Potentially useful correlations were found between the two growth stages for root length and number.

scholarly journals Relationships between grain yield and accumulation of biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus in common bean cultivars

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1977-1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelson Paulo Araújo ◽  
Marcelo Grandi Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Shoot Mass

Shoot biomass is considered a relevant component for crop yield, but relationships between biological productivity and grain yield in legume crops are usually difficult to establish. Two field experiments were carried out to investigate the relationships between grain yield, biomass production and N and P accumulation at reproductive stages of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars. Nine and 18 cultivars were grown on 16 m² plots in 1998 and 1999, respectively, with four replications. Crop biomass was sampled at four growth stages (flowering R6, pod setting R7, beginning of pod filling R8, and mid-pod filling R8.5), grain yield was measured at maturity, and N and P concentrations were determined in plant tissues. In both years, bean cultivars differed in grain yield, in root mass at R6 and R7 stages, and in shoot mass at R6 and R8.5, whereas at R7 and R8 differences in shoot mass were significant in 1998 only. In both years, grain yield did not correlate with shoot mass at R6 and R7 and with root mass at R6. Grain yield correlated with shoot mass at R8 in 1999 but not in 1998, with shoot mass at R8.5 and with root mass at R7 in both years. Path coefficient analysis indicated that shoot mass at R8.5 had a direct effect on grain yield in both years, that root mass at R7 had a direct effect on grain yield in 1998, and that in 1999 the amounts of N and P in shoots at R8.5 had indirect effects on grain yield via shoot mass at R8.5. A combined analysis of both experiments revealed that biomass accumulation, N and P in shoots at R6 and R7 as well as root mass at R6 were similar in both years. In 1998 however bean accumulated more root mass at R7 and more biomass and N and P in shoots at R8 and R8.5, resulting in a 57 % higher grain yield in 1998. This indicates that grain yield of different common bean cultivars is not intrinsically associated with vegetative vigor at flowering and that mechanisms during pod filling can strongly influence the final crop yield. The establishment of a profuse root system during pod setting, associated with the continuous N and P acquisition during early pod filling, seems to be relevant for higher grain yields of common bean.

scholarly journals Natural Variation and Domestication Selection of ZmCKX5 with Root Morphological Traits at the Seedling Stage in Maize

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Houmiao Wang ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Haofeng Xia ◽  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Pengcheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Cytokinin Oxidase ◽  
Root Area

Root system architecture plays a crucial role in water and nutrient acquisition in maize. Cytokinins, which can be irreversibly degraded by the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), are important hormones that regulate root development in plants. In this study, ZmCKX5 was resequenced in 285 inbred lines, 68 landraces, and 32 teosintes to identify the significant variants associated with root traits in maize. Sequence polymorphisms and nucleotide diversity revealed that ZmCKX5 might be selected during domestication and improvement processes. Marker–trait association analysis in inbred lines identified 12 variants of ZmCKX5 that were significantly associated with six root traits, including seed root number (SRN), lateral root length (LRL), total root area (RA), root length in 0 to 0.5 mm diameter class (RL005), total root volume (RV), and total root length (TRL). SNP-1195 explained the most (6.01%) phenotypic variation of SRN, and the frequency of this allele G increased from 6.25% and 1.47% in teosintes and landraces, respectively, to 17.39% in inbred lines. Another significant variant, SNP-1406, with a pleiotropic effect, is strongly associated with five root traits, with the frequency of T allele increased from 25.00% and 23.73% in teosintes and landraces, respectively, to 35.00% in inbred lines. These results indicate that ZmCKX5 may be involved in the development of the maize root system and that the significant variants can be used to develop functional markers to accelerate the improvement in the maize root system.

scholarly journals Response of Hybrid Tomato (Solanum lycopersiucm L) for Calcium Nutrition: Growth, Root Traits and SPAD Index

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
S. Salma Santhosh ◽  
T. Chitdeshwari ◽  
D. Jegadeeswari ◽  
C. Kavitha
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Calcium Sources ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Lateral Root Length

Aims: To evaluate the effect of various sources and levels of calcium fertilisation in improving the growth and SPAD index of hybrid tomato at different growth stages. Study Design: Factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field at Devarayapuram village, Thondamuthur block, Coimbatore from January to April, 2021. Methodology: A field experiment was conducted with hybrid tomato (Solanum lycopersiucm L) Shivam by using various organic and inorganic calcium sources viz., calcium sulphate, calcium nitrate, calcium silicate, poultry manure and pressmud applied at different levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 kg Ca ha-1) in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The growth parameters such as plant height, root length, lateral root length, root volume and SPAD index were recorded as per standard protocols at different plant growth stages. Results: A linear increase in the plant growth, root traits and SPAD index of hybrid tomato was noted by the addition of organic and inorganic sources of calcium and the highest values were observed with the application of 80 kg Ca ha-1. Higher plant height (93.8 cm), root length (16.8 cm), lateral root length (13.3 g cc-1) and SPAD index (62.0) was registered with poultry manure applied at 80 kg Ca ha-1 which was followed by pressmud applied at the same level. Skipping of calcium in the fertiliser schedule registered the lowest growth response of hybrid tomato at all the growth stages. Conclusion: Inorganic Ca fertiliser sources though improved the growth, root traits and SPAD index of hybrid tomato at different growth stages, and it was comparatively lesser than the organic sources such as poultry manure and pressmud as calcium sources. The order of better growth performance was: Poultry manure > Pressmud > Ca silicate > Ca Nitrate > Ca sulphate. The lowest values of all the growth attributes were noted with NPK control. It was concluded that application of poultry manure at 80 kg Ca ha-1 would be effective in improving the growth, root traits and SPAD index of hybrid tomato.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document