scholarly journals Ecophysiological response of Sorghum halepense populations to reduced rates of nicosulfuron

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio Abel Acciaresi ◽  
Hugo Oscar Chidichimo
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Differential Performance ◽  
Ecophysiological Response ◽  
Reduced Rate

The control and regrowth after nicosulfuron reduced rate treatment of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense L. Pers.) populations, from seven Argentinean locations, were evaluated in pot experiments to assess if differential performance could limit the design and implementation of integrated weed management programs. Populations from humid regions registered a higher sensibility to reduced rates of nicosulfuron than populations from subhumid regions. This effect was visualised in the values of regression coefficient of the non-linear models (relating fresh weight to nicosulfuron rate), and in the time needed to obtain a 50% reduction of photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance. The least leaf CO2 exchange of subhumid populations could result in a lower foliar absorption and translocation of nicosulfuron, thus producing less control and increasing their ability to sprout and produce new aerial biomass. The three populations from subhumid regions, with less sensibility to nicosulfuron rates, presented substantial difference in fresh weight, total rhizome length and number of rhizome nodes, when they were evaluated 20 week after treatment. In consequence, a substantial Johnsongrass re-infestation could occur, if rates below one-half of nicosulfuron labeled rate were used to control Johnsongrass in subhumid regions.

scholarly journals Key Aspects on the Biology, Ecology and Impacts of Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers] and the Role of Glyphosate and Non-Chemical Alternative Practices for the Management of This Weed in Europe

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travlos ◽  
Montull ◽  
Kukorelli ◽  
Malidza ◽  
Dogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Alternative Practices

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers is a common and noxious worldwide weed of increasing distribution in many European countries. In the present review, information on the biology, ecology, agricultural, economic and environmental impact of johnsongrass is given, and the current status of this weed in Europe is discussed. Furthermore, special attention is given to the important role of field trials using glyphosate to control weeds in arable and perennial crops in many European countries. Some of the factors which affect control efficacy and should be taken into account are also discussed. Finally, several non-chemical alternative methods (cultural, mechanical, thermal, biological, etc.) for johnsongrass management are also presented. The adoption of integrated weed management (IWM) techniques such as glyphosate use, crop rotation, and deep tillage is strongly recommended to control plant species that originate from both seed and rhizomes.

scholarly journals Optimizing activity of herbicides at reduced rate on Emex spinosa campd. with adjuvants

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Javaid ◽  
A. Tanveer ◽  
R. Ahmad ◽  
M. Yaseen ◽  
A Khaliq
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Alkyl Ether ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Biomass Reduction ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

In pot experiments, two adjuvants were evaluated for their efficacy in enhancing activity of five herbicides applied at reduced rates (75% of the recommended rates) on Emex spinosa at the cotyledon-leaf and at the two- to four- leaf stage. Herbicides (at recommended rates) including fluroxypyr+MCPA at 450 g a.i. ha-1, carfentrazone-ethyl at 20 g a.i. ha-1, bromoxynil+MCPA at 450 g a.i. ha-1, thifensulfuron-methyl at 75 g a.i. ha-1 and tribenuronmethyl at 75 g a.i. ha-1 alone and tank mixed at reduced rates with adjuvants, namely, alkyl ether sulphate sodium salt at 625 mL ha-1 or fatty alcohol ethoxylate at 375 mL ha-1. Addition of the adjuvants to reduced rates of fluroxypyr+MCPA and carfentrazone-ethyl, increased their efficacy with 100% mortality and biomass reduction of E. spinosa at the cotyledon- leaf stage and at the two- to four- leaf stage which was similar to their recommended rates without the adjuvants except for carfentrazone-ethyl at a reduced rate without adjuvants at the two- to four- leaf stage. Bromoxynil+MCPA at reduced rates with alkyl ether sulphate sodium salt also gave 100% control of E. spinosa over weedy check at the two- to four- leaf stage. Both the adjuvants generally increased the efficacy of tribenuron-methyl at reduced rates when sprayed at both leaf stages. These findings suggest that the use of adjuvants may increase the efficacy of the above mentioned herbicides against E. spinosa and it may be incorporated in an integrated weed management program.

scholarly journals Optimizing Weed Management for the New Super-Forage Moringa oleifera

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055
Author(s):  
Itai Shulner ◽  
Evyatar Asaf ◽  
Zohar Ben-Simhon ◽  
Miri Cohen-Zinder ◽  
Ariel Shabtay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Safe Control ◽  
New Crop ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Moringa oleifera Lam. (moringa hereafter) is cultivated as a new summer super-forage field crop in Israel, yet no weed control protocol has been developed for it. The objective of the study was to develop an integrated weed management (IWM) practice for the moringa agro-system in arid and semi-arid regions like the Mediterranean basin. We tested various herbicides applied pre (PRE) and post (POST) crop emergence and cultivation methods for weed control, with an emphasis on crop safety. The PRE herbicides were the most effective and safe control mean. Their application resulted in minor (<5%) crop fresh weight reductions and weed cover area, compared with the control. The POST herbicides were also effective, yet their crop safety level was lower and non-consistent in some treatments. Generally, the finger weeder was less effective than the herbicide treatments and caused higher fresh weight reduction. However, this means was more effective when applied at earlier stages. Management and environmental conditions had a high impact on the moringa growth; hence, these aspects should be considered. Our results show the potential use of different herbicides and non-chemical tools and set the basis for a future IWM protocol for moringa. The wide range of options offered here can ensure economic and environmentally viable solutions for this new crop.

scholarly journals Glyphosate Resistance Confirmation and Field Management of Red Brome (Bromus rubens L.) in Perennial Crops Grown in Southern Spain

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
José G. Vázquez-García ◽  
Patricia Castro ◽  
Hugo E. Cruz-Hipólito ◽  
Teresa Millan ◽  
Candelario Palma-Bautista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Bromus Rubens ◽  
Scientific Report ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

The excessive use of the herbicide glyphosate on annual and perennial crops grown in Southern Spain has caused an increase in resistant weed populations. Bromus rubens has begun to spread through olive and almond cultivars due to low glyphosate control over these species, whereas previously it had been well controlled with field dose (1080 g ae ha−1). Characterization using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers confirmed the presence of B. rubens collected in Andalusia. A rapid shikimic acid accumulation screening showed 17 resistant (R) populations with values between 300 and 700 µg shikimate g−1 fresh weight and three susceptible (S) populations with values between 1200 and 1700 µg shikimate g−1 fresh weight. In dose–response experiments the GR50 values agreed with previous results and the resistance factors (RFs: GR50 R/GR50 S (Br1)) were between 4.35 (Br9) and 7.61 (Br19). Foliar retention assays shown no differences in glyphosate retention in both R and S populations. The tests carried out in a resistant field (Br10) demonstrated the control efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides since flazasulfuron in the tank mix with glyphosate had up to 80% control 15 to 120 days after application (DAA) and grass weed postemergence herbicides, such as propaquizafop + glyphosate and quizalofop + glyphosate, had up to 90% control 15 to 90 DAA. Results confirm the first scientific report of glyphosate-resistant B. rubens worldwide; however, the use of herbicides with another mode of action (MOA) is the best tool for integrated weed management.

Integrated Weed Management in Oilseed Brassica

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Abhinandan Singh ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Weed Management

Fungal Phytotoxins in Sustainable Weed Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Vurro ◽  
Angela Boari ◽  
Francesca Casella ◽  
Maria Chiara Zonno
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Toxic Metabolites

Fungal phytotoxins are natural secondary metabolites produced by plant pathogenic fungi during host–pathogen interactions. They have received considerable particular attention for elucidating disease etiology, and consequently to design strategies for disease control. Due to wide differences in their chemical structures, these toxic metabolites have different ecological and environmental roles and mechanisms of action. This review aims at summarizing the studies on the possible use of these metabolites as tools in biological and integrated weed management, e.g. as: novel and environmentally friendly herbicides; lead for novel compounds; sources of novel mechanisms of action. Moreover, the limiting factors for utilizing those metabolites in practice will also be briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Growth and Phenology of Vulpia Myuros in Comparison with Apera Spica-Venti, Alopecurus Myosuroides and Lolium Multiflorum in Monoculture and in Winter Wheat

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽  
Bo Melander ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Rodrigo Labouriau ◽  
Svend Vendelbo Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Neighborhood Design ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Arable Weed

Vulpia myuros has become an increasing weed problem in winter cereals in Northern Europe. However, the information about V. myuros and its behavior as an arable weed is limited. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2017/18 and 2018/19, at the Department of Agroecology in Flakkebjerg, Denmark to investigate the emergence, phenological development and growth characteristics of V. myuros in monoculture and in mixture with winter wheat, in comparison to Apera spica-venti, Alopecurus myosuroides and Lolium multiflorum. V. myuros emerged earlier than A. myosuroides and A. spica-venti but later than L. multiflorum. Significant differences in phenological development were recorded among the species. Overall phenology of V. myuros was more similar to that of L. multiflorum than to A. myosuroides and A. spica-venti. V. myuros started seed shedding earlier than A. spica-venti and L. multiflorum but later than A. myosuroides. V. myuros was more sensitive to winter wheat competition in terms of biomass production and fecundity than the other species. Using a target-neighborhood design, responses of V. myuros and A. spica-venti to the increasing density of winter wheat were quantified. At early growth stages “BBCH 26–29”, V. myuros was suppressed less than A. spica-venti by winter wheat, while opposite responses were seen at later growth stages “BBCH 39–47” and “BBCH 81–90”. No significant differences in fecundity characteristics were observed between the two species in response to increasing winter wheat density. The information on the behavior of V. myuros gathered by the current study can support the development of effective integrated weed management strategies for V. myuros.

scholarly journals Effect of Barley Sowing Density on the Integrated Weed Management of Lolium rigidum (Annual Ryegrass) in Mediterranean Dryland: A Modeling Approach

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1565
Author(s):  
María Belén D’Amico ◽  
Guillermo R. Chantre ◽  
Guillermo L. Calandrini ◽  
José L. González-Andújar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Seed Removal ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
High Control ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Population models are particularly helpful for understanding long-term changes in the weed dynamics associated with integrated weed management (IWM) strategies. IWM practices for controlling L. rigidum are of high importance, mainly due to its widespread resistance that precludes chemical control as a single management method. The objective of this contribution is to simulate different IWM scenarios with special emphasis on the impact of different levels of barley sowing densities on L. rigidum control. To this effect, a weed–crop population model for both L. rigidum and barley life cycles was developed. Our results point out: (i) the necessity of achieving high control efficiencies (>99%), (ii) that the increase of twice the standard sowing density of barley resulted in a reduction of 23.7% of the weed density, (iii) non-herbicide-based individual methods, such as delayed sowing and weed seed removal at harvest, proved to be inefficient for reducing drastically weed population, (iv) the implementation of at least three control tactics (seed removal, delay sowing and herbicides) is required for weed infestation eradication independently of the sowing rate, and (v) the effect of an increase in the sowing density is diluted as a more demanding weed control is reached. Future research should aim to disentangle the effect of different weed resistance levels on L. rigidum population dynamics and the required efficiencies for more sustainable IWM programs.

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