Phosphorus acquisition and internal utilization efficiency in tropical maize genotypes

The objective of this work was to determine the relative importance of phosphorus acquisition efficiency (PAE - plant P uptake per soil available P), and phosphorus internal utilization efficiency (PUTIL - grain yield per P uptake) in the P use efficiency (PUE - grain yield per soil available P), on 28 tropical maize genotypes evaluated at three low P and two high P environments. PAE was almost two times more important than PUTIL to explain the variability observed in PUE, at low P environments, and three times more important at high P environments. These results indicate that maize breeding programs, to increase PUE in these environments, should use selection index with higher weights for PAE than for PUTIL. The correlation between these two traits showed no significance at low or at high P environments, which indicates that selection in one of these traits would not affect the other. The main component of PUTIL was P quotient of utilization (grain yield per grain P) and not the P harvest index (grain P per P uptake). Selection to reduce grain P concentration should increase the quotient of utilization and consequently increase PUTIL.

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Exogenous phosphorus compounds interact with nitrogen availability to regulate dynamics of soil inorganic phosphorus fractions in a meadow steppe

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-16-4293-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (21) ◽

pp. 4293-4306 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Heyong Liu ◽

Ruzhen Wang ◽

Hongyi Wang ◽

Yanzhuo Cao ◽

Feike A. Dijkstra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Availability ◽

Inorganic Phosphorus ◽

P Uptake ◽

Phosphorus Compounds ◽

Calcareous Grassland ◽

Available P ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Soil Available P ◽

P Addition ◽

Total P

Abstract. Here we investigated the effects of P compounds (KH2PO4 and Ca(H2PO4)2) with different addition rates of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 kg P ha−1 yr−1 and NH4NO3 addition (0 and 100 kg N ha−1 yr−1) on soil labile inorganic phosphorus (IP) (dicalcium phosphate, Ca2-P), moderate-cycling IP, and recalcitrant IP fractions in a calcareous grassland of northeastern China. Soil moderate-cycling IP fractions, not readily available to plants but transforming into soil-available P quickly, include variscite (Al-P), strengite (Fe-P) and octacalcium phosphate (Ca8-P); recalcitrant IP fractions include hydroxylapatite (Ca10-P) and occluded P (O-P). Soil labile and moderate-cycling IP fractions and total P significantly increased with increasing P addition rates, with higher concentrations detected for KH2PO4 than for Ca(H2PO4)2 addition. Combined N and P treatments showed lower soil labile IP and moderate-cycling IP fractions compared to ambient N conditions, due to enhanced plant productivity. Moderate-cycling IP was mainly regulated by P addition and plant P uptake to further enhance labile IP and total P concentrations with KH2PO4 and Ca(H2PO4)2 addition. Soil labile IP was also directly and negatively affected by soil pH and plant P uptake with Ca(H2PO4)2 addition. Ca(H2PO4)2 addition significantly increased the soil recalcitrant IP (Ca10-P) fraction, while KH2PO4 addition showed no impact on it. A significant positive correlation was detected between soil labile IP, moderate-cycling IP fractions and soil Olsen-P which illustrated that labile IP and moderate-cycling IP fractions were important sources for soil-available P. Our results suggest that moderate-cycling IP fractions are essential for grassland P biogeochemical cycling and the chemical form of P fertilizer should be considered during fertilization management for maintaining soil-available P.

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Changes in Phosphorus Fractions and Its Availability Status in Relation to Long Term P Fertilization in Loess Plateau of China

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10111818 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1818

Author(s):

Mohsin Mahmood ◽

Yi Tian ◽

Qingxia Ma ◽

Waqas Ahmed ◽

Sajid Mehmood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

P Uptake ◽

Phosphorus Fractions ◽

Available P ◽

P Availability ◽

Residual P ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Significant Difference

Excessive phosphorus (P) application can alter soil P availability and limit plant growth by compacting soil and fixation of P into different organic and inorganic forms. However, it remains uncertain whether these changes happen after limited fertilization or an excessive rate applied under the winter wheat cropping system. The current study aimed to identify the transformation of P into different organic (Po) and inorganic (Pi) fractions, and their role in the plant P uptake and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. A long-term study (12 years) was conducted to assess the changes in soil Pi and Po fractions in response to different P rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg P2O5 ha−1) applied to winter wheat. Phosphorus fractions were determined using the Hedley modified Tiessen and Moir fractionation scheme. Our findings demonstrated that different P rates significantly increased the available P, particularly NaHCO3-Pi, in the inorganic P fractions compared to P0 treatment. NaHCO3-Pi showed a strong relationship with grain yield (R2 = 0.91) and P uptake (R2 = 0.80). Grain yield was significantly higher in the P100 treatment, but no significant difference was observed between P100 and P200 treatments. The P200 treatment had a maximum grain P content and plant P uptake. Compared with the P0 treatment, all organic fractions yielded the highest Po with the P rate increase, ranging from 27.3 to 75.6 mg kg−1, 27.2 to 35.6 mg kg−1, and 58.8 to 124 mg kg−1 for NaHCO3-Po, NaOH-Po, and HCl-Po, respectively. Among all Pi fractions, the maximum fraction, known as apatite (HClD-Pi), was found in the P200 treatment with the range of 165 to 245.9 mg kg−1. HClD-Pi accounted for 32% of total P, which can be transformed into the available P form with the passage of time. An increase of 78% in residual P was found under the treatment of P200. The residual P fraction was positively correlated with grain yield, P uptake, and other inorganic fractions. It can be concluded that application of P increases P availability and grain yield with an increase in its application rate, but too much use of P can cause soil pollution and higher fixation of P. Consequently, a balanced application of fertilizer is recommended to reduce its fixation and increase its availability for higher crop yield.

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Could biochar amendment be a tool to improve soil availability and plant uptake of phosphorus? A meta-analysis of published experiments

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-14119-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fitsum Tesfaye ◽

Xiaoyu Liu ◽

Jufeng Zheng ◽

Kun Cheng ◽

Rongjun Bian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Uptake ◽

P Uptake ◽

Available P ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

P Availability ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Soil P ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Soil Available P ◽

Biochar Amendment

AbstractAs one of the most important nutrients for plant growth, phosphorus was often poorly available in soil. While biochar addition induced improvement of soil structure, nutrient and water retention as well as microbial activity had been well known, and the effect of biochar soil amendment (BSA) on soil phosphorus availability and plant P uptake had been not yet quantitatively assessed. In a review study, data were retrieved from 354 peer-reviewed research articles on soil available P content and P uptake under BSA published by February 2019. Then a database was established of 516 data pairs from 86 studies with and without BSA in agricultural soils. Subsequently, the effect size of biochar application was quantified relative to no application and assessed in terms of biochar conditions, soil conditions, as well as experiment conditions. In grand mean, there was a significant and great effect of BSA on soil available P and plant P uptake by 65% and 55%, respectively. The effects were generally significant under manure biochar, biochar pyrolyzed under 300 °C, soil pH <5 and fine-textured soil, and soils that are very low in available P. Being significantly correlated to soil P availability (R2=0.29), plant P uptake was mostly enhanced with vegetable crops of high biomass yield. Overall, biochar amendment at a dosage up to 10 t ha−1 could be a tool to enhance soil availability and plant uptake of phosphorus, particularly in acid, heavy textured P-poor soils.

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EVALUATION DU PHOSPHORE ASSIMILABLE DES SOLS ACIDES AVEC DIFFERENTES METHODES D’EXTRACTION EN RELATION AVEC LE RENDEMENT DE L’AVOINE ET LES PROPRIETES DU SOL

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss85-006 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 47-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. GIROUX ◽

T. SEN TRAN

Keyword(s):

P Uptake ◽

Available P ◽

Anion Exchange Resins ◽

P Fixation ◽

Exchangeable Ca ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Fixation Capacity ◽

Exchange Resins ◽

Bray 1 ◽

Extractable Al

The objective of this study was to evaluate different available P extracting methods in relation with soil properties, oat yield and plant P uptake. Six chemical extractants (Bray-1, Bray-2, new Mehlich, North Carolina DA-4, DA-10, and Olsen) and two anion exchange resins (F− and HCO3−) were compared on 42 acid soils. The DA-4, DA-10, new Mehlich, and HCO3− resin methods showed the best correlation with oat yield and plant P uptake. The Bray-1, Bray-2 methods were significantly less correlated than the other methods. The HCO3− resin was better than F− resin to predict plant P uptake and yield. Available P levels as determined by these eight methods were classified poor, medium and rich by the Cate and Nelson procedure. Oxalate extractable Al, pH (NaF), pH (H2O), exchangeable (Ca + Mg), forms of P, maximum P fixation capacity and soil texture have great influence on the plant P uptake. Soil organic matter content and oxalate-extractable Fe had significantly less important an effect. The Bray-1 and Bray-2 methods were the most affected by soil properties especially oxalate-extractable Al. The P-HCl/P-DAF ratio proposed by Mehlich to identify forms of soil P indicated that seven soils contain predominantly Ca-P and 21 soils with predominantly Al-P and Fe-P. This ratio was related with oxalate extractable Al (r = − 0.32*), pH NaF (r = − 0.59**), pH H2O (r = 0.52**) and exchangeable Ca + Mg (r = 0.55**). The maximum P fixation capacity (M) ranged from 150 to 4200 μg P/g soil and was closely related with oxalate-extractable Al (r = 0.81**), pH NaF (r = 0.74**), pH H2O (r = − 0.36*) and Mehlich ratio (r = − 0.33*). The maximum P buffering capacity (Mb) of soils was also measured and showed the best correlation with oxalate-extractable Al (r = 0.84**) and pH NaF (r = 0.53**). Key words: Soil testing, available P, anion exchange resins, P fixation, oxalate-Al, forms of P

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Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on phosphorus efficiency of wheat grown in an Inceptisol of subtropical India

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/749/2011-pse ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 230-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Manoj-Kumar ◽

A. Swarup ◽

A.K. Patra ◽

J.U. Chandrakala ◽

K.M. Manjaiah

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

P Uptake ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Phosphorus Efficiency ◽

Total Biomass ◽

P Efficiency ◽

Plant Parts ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

P Utilization

In a phytotron experiment, wheat was grown under two levels of atmospheric CO2 [ambient (385 ppm) vs. elevated (650 ppm)], two levels of temperature (ambient vs. ambient +3°C) superimposed with three levels of phosphorus (P) fertilization: 0, 100, and 200% of recommended dose. Various measures of P acquisition and utilization efficiency were estimated at crop maturity. In general, dry matter yields of all plant parts increased under elevated CO2 (EC) and decreased under elevated temperature (ET); however, under concurrently elevated CO2 and temperature (ECT), root (+36%) and leaf (+14.7%) dry weight increased while stem (–12.3%) and grain yield (–17.3%) decreased, leading to a non-significant effect on total biomass yield. Similarly, total P uptake increased under EC and decreased under ET, with an overall increase of 17.4% under ECT, signifying higher P requirements by plants grown thereunder. Although recovery efficiency of applied P fertilizer increased by 27%, any possible benefit of this increase was negated by the reduced physiological P efficiency (PPE) and P utilization efficiency (PUtE) under ECT. Overall, there was ~17% decline in P use efficiency (PUE) (i.e. grain yield/applied P) of wheat under ECT.

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Improving Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Optimizing Phosphorus Application Rates for Maize in the Northeast Plain of China for Sustainable Agriculture

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11174799 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 4799

Author(s):

Wenting Jiang ◽

Xiaohu Liu ◽

Xiukang Wang ◽

Lihui Yang ◽

Yuan Yin

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Application Rate ◽

P Uptake ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

P Rate ◽

P Application ◽

Phosphorus Application ◽

The Impact

Optimizing the phosphorus (P) application rate can increase grain yield while reducing both cost and environmental impact. However, optimal P rates vary substantially when different targets such as maximum yield or maximum economic benefit are considered. The present study used field experiment conducted at 36 experiments sites for maize to determine the impact of P application levels on grain yield, plant P uptake, and P agronomy efficiency (AEP), P-derived yield benefits and private profitability, and to evaluated the agronomically (AOPR), privately (POPR), and economically (EOPR) optimal P rate at a regional scale. Four treatments were compared: No P fertilizer (P0); P rate of 45–60 kg ha−1 (LP); P rate of 90–120 kg ha−1 (MP); P rate of 135–180 kg ha−1 (HP). P application more effectively increased grain yield, reaching a peak at MP treatment. The plant P uptake in HP treatment was 37.4% higher than that in P0. The relationship between P uptake by plants (y) and P application rate (x) can be described by the equation y = −0.0003x2 + 0.1266x + 31.1 (R2 = 0.309, p < 0.01). Furthermore, grain yield (y) and plant P uptake (x) across all treatments also showed a significant polynomial function (R2 = 0.787–0.846). The MP treatment led to highest improvements in P agronomic efficiency (AEP), P-derived yield benefits (BY) and private profitability (BP) compared with those in other treatments. In addition, the average agronomically (AOPR), privately (POPR), and economically optimal P rate (EOPR) in 36 experimental sites were suggested as 127.9 kg ha−1, 110.8 kg ha−1, and 114.4 kg ha−1, which ranged from 80.6 to 211.3 kg ha−1, 78.2 to 181.8 kg ha−1, and 82.6 to 151.6 kg ha−1, respectively. Economically optimal P application (EOPR) can be recommended, because EOPR significantly reduced P application compared with AOPR, and average economically optimal yield was slightly higher compared with the average yield in the MP treatment. This study was conducive in providing a more productive, use-effective, profitable, environment-friendly P fertilizer management strategy for supporting maximized production potential and environment sustainable development.

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NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE, TRANSLOCATION, AND UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENT AND CULTIVAR YIELD AND PROTEIN LEVELS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-119 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 965-977 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

J. M. CLARKE ◽

C. A. CAMPBELL ◽

H. W. CUTFORTH ◽

R. M. DePAUW ◽

G. E. WINKLEMAN

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Dry Matter ◽

P Uptake ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Cultivar Differences ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Available Water ◽

Nitrogen Harvest Index ◽

Nitrogen Harvest

A field study was carried out in four environments to determine the effects of available water and cultivar on N and P uptake, translocation, and utilization efficiency of wheat (Triticum spp.) cultivars with varying grain yield potential and protein concentration. Two common wheat (T. aestivum L.) cultivars, Neepawa and HY320, and two durum (T. turgidum L. var. durum) cultivars, DT367 and Wakooma, were studied. HY320 and DT367 had higher grain yield potentials and lower protein concentrations than Neepawa and Wakooma. Total plant N and P uptake was proportional to available water, and was strongly associated with dry matter accumulation. From 67 to 102% of plant N and 64–100% of P present at harvest had been accumulated by anthesis. Postanthesis uptake of N and P was greater under moist than under dry environments. There were few cultivar differences in uptake of N or P, and any differences observed were related to variations in plant dry matter. Nitrogen harvest index ranged from 71 to 85% and P harvest index ranged from 81 to 93%. Both indices responded to environment in the same way as grain harvest index; there were no cultivar differences for either N or P harvest index. From 59 to 79% of N and 75 to 87% of P present in vegetative tissues at anthesis was translocated to the grain; translocation did not vary among cultivars. The efficiency of utilization of N and P in production of harvest biomass and grain was directly proportional to water availability and was greater in the high yield cultivars HY320 and DT367 than in Neepawa and Wakooma. There was no evidence that selection for N uptake, translocation, or utilization efficiency would be useful in wheat breeding.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., T. turgidum L. var. durum, nitrogen harvest index, phosphorus harvest index

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Dinamika P Tersedia, pH, C-Organik dan Serapan P Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) pada Berbagai Aras Bahan Organik dan Fosfat di Ultisols

Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan ◽

10.25181/jppt.v14i3.153 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Any Kusumastuti

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Block Design ◽

P Uptake ◽

Available P ◽

Organic C ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Pogostemon Cablin ◽

Soil Available P ◽

Two Factors ◽

The Media

The experiment was conducted at field experiment of Lampung State Polytechnic from June up to November 2012, using complete randomized block design with factorial pattern, which consists of two factors, and three replications. The first factor is organic matter (POME) dosage, consists of three dosages (without POME, 25% POME with 75% soil, and 50% POME with 50% soil). The second factor is dosage of SP-36 Fertilizer (without SP-36, 1.8 g, 3.6 g, and 5.4 g SP-36 per polybag (plant) respectively. The study aims was to determine (1) The dynamics of soil available P, (2) The effect of the best POME dosage for pH, C-organic and P uptake, (3) The effect of the best SP-36 dosage for pH, C-organic and P uptake, (4) The interaction between dosages of POME and SP-36 on pH, C-organic and P uptake of plant. The observation consists of (a) Soil available P, (b) pH and C-organic (c) and P uptake of plant. The data was analysis with variance analysis, furthermore, if the result is significance, was continued with LSD test, but soil available P dynamics was presented in graphic form. The result showed that (a) Applications of POME and SP-36 increase the soil available P, (b) The media with 25% POME and 50% POME were gave the better result on pH, C-organic and P uptake by plant, (c) SP-36 fertilizer fertilizer at various doses has not been any impact on soil pH, organic-C and P uptake of plants (d) There is no interaction between POME and SP-36 fertilizer on soil pH, organic C and P uptake of plants Keywords : P Dynamics, P Uptake of Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin, ultisols

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Tropical maize selection indexes genotypes for efficiency in use of nutrients: phosphorus

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201764030007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 266-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel Gonçalves dos Reis ◽

Felipe Bermudez Pereira ◽

Italo Stefanine Correia Granato ◽

Júlio César DoVale ◽

Roberto Fritsche-Neto

Keyword(s):

Selection Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

P Availability ◽

Tropical Maize ◽

Maize Cultivars ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

Low Phosphorus ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Selection Indexes ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT Brazil generates an annual demand for more than 2.83 million tons of phosphate fertilizers. Part of this is due to low P use efficiency (PUE) by plants, particularly in current maize cultivars. Thus, the aim of this study was to create indexes that allow accurate selection of maize genotypes with high PUE under conditions of either low or high P availability. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse (20º45'14"S; 42º52'53"W) at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa in October 2010. We evaluated 39 experimental hybrid combinations and 14 maize inbred lines with divergent PUE under two conditions of P availability. The relative importance of the traits studied was analyzed and estimated by principal component analysis, factor analysis, and establishment of selection indexes. To obtain genotypes responsive to high P availability, the index SIHP (selection index for high phosphorus) = 0.3985 RDM + 0.3099 SDM + 0.5567 RLLAT + 0.2340 PUEb - 0.1139 SRS is recommended. To obtain genotypes tolerant to low P availability, the index SILP (selection index for low phosphorus) = 0.3548 RDM + 0.3996 RLLAT + 0.3344 SDM + 0.0041 SH/RS - 0.1019 SRS is suggested.

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