scholarly journals Fusarium wilt incidence and common bean yield according to the preceding crop and the soil tillage system

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1031-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Divina de Toledo‑Souza ◽  
Pedro Marques da Silveira ◽  
Adalberto Corrêa Café‑Filho ◽  
Murillo Lobo Junior
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Wilt Incidence

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of preceding crops and tillage systems on the incidence of Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) yield. The cultivar BRS Valente was cultivated under center‑pivot irrigation in the winter seasons of 2003, 2004 and 2005, after several preceding crops established in the summer seasons. Preceding crops included the legumes Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Stylosanthes guianensis, and Crotalaria spectabilis; the grasses Pennisetum glaucum (millet), Sorghum bicolor (forage sorghum), Panicum maximum, and Urochloa brizantha; and a consortium of maize (Zea mays) and U. brizantha (Santa Fé system). Experiments followed a strip‑plot design, with four replicates. Fusarium wilt incidence was higher in the no‑tillage system. Higher disease incidences corresponded to lower bean yields in 2003 and 2004. Previous summer cropping with U. brizantha, U. brizantha + maize consortium, and millet showed the lowest disease incidence. Therefore, the choice of preceding crops must be taken into account for managing Fusarium wilt on irrigated common bean crops in the Brazilian Cerrado.

scholarly journals Soil properties and agronomic attributes of potato grown under deep tillage in succession of grass species

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano FA Costa ◽  
Paulo CT Melo ◽  
Henrique P Guerra ◽  
Carlos F Ragassi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Minor Degree ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Crop Succession

ABSTRACT Yield and disease incidence were evaluated in potato (Solanum tuberosum, cv. Atlantic) after six years of cultivation in succession with corn (Zea mays, cv. ‘AG 6080’) under conventional tillage (CT, depth of tillage: 20 cm) or in succession with three grass species [Guinea grass (Panicum maximum, cv. Tanzânia), Palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha, cv. Marandu) and corn] under deep tillage (DT, depth of tillage: 70 cm). Total tuber yield was higher in DT in average 36% the value obtained in CT (17.76 t/ha), with no effect of the grass species. Common scab (Streptomyces scabies) incidence was influenced by treatments, the highest (16.9%) and the lowest (9.5%) values being obtained in succession with corn and Guinea grass, respectively, both under DT. The lowest incidence of tuber greening at field (2.58%) was also recorded in Guinea DT, significantly lower than obtained in Corn CT (6.33%), possibly due to a more efficient ridging operation. Grass species showed different values of aboveground dry biomass production. Guinea grass (26.56 t/ha) was the most and Corn under CT and DT (5.72 and 5.56 t/ha, respectively, without ears) were the least productive ones. Soil density, macroporosity and resistance to penetration indices were significantly better with DT, the grass species affecting them in a minor degree. The deep tillage system is, therefore, recommended for potato cultivation regardless the grass species used for crop succession.

scholarly journals Soil Aggregation, Organic Carbon Concentration, and Soil Bulk Density As Affected by Cover Crop Species in a No-Tillage System

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Yuncong Li ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Soil aggregation and the distribution of total organic carbon (TOC) may be affected by soil tillage and cover crops. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of crop rotation with cover crops on soil aggregation, TOC concentration in the soil aggregate fractions, and soil bulk density under a no-tillage system (NTS) and conventional tillage system (CTS, one plowing and two disking). This was a three-year study with cover crop/rice/cover crop/rice rotations in the Brazilian Cerrado. A randomized block experimental design with six treatments and three replications was used. The cover crops (treatments) were: fallow, Panicum maximum, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Brachiaria brizantha, and millet (Pennisetum glaucum). An additional treatment, fallow plus CTS, was included as a control. Soil samples were collected at the depths of 0.00-0.05 m, 0.05-0.10 m, and 0.10-0.20 m after the second rice harvest. The treatments under the NTS led to greater stability in the soil aggregates (ranging from 86.33 to 95.37 %) than fallow plus CTS (ranging from 74.62 to 85.94 %). Fallow plus CTS showed the highest number of aggregates smaller than 2 mm. The cover crops affected soil bulk density differently, and the millet treatment in the NTS had the lowest values. The cover crops without incorporation provided the greatest accumulation of TOC in the soil surface layers. The TOC concentration was positively correlated with the aggregate stability index in all layers and negatively correlated with bulk density in the 0.00-0.10 m layer.

scholarly journals Soil chemical properties affected by cover crops under no-tillage system

Revista CERES ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Luis Fernando Stone ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Tillage System

The use of cover crops in no-tillage systems (NTS) can significantly improve the soil's fertility. Thus, a study was performed to evaluate changes in chemical properties of soil caused by cover crops in a no-tillage system. The field experiment consisted of the following crop rotation: cover crops/rice/cover crops/rice. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replications. Treatments consisted of four cover crops (Brachiaria brizantha(Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Marandu, Brachiaria ruziziensis R. Germ. and C.M. Evrard, Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Colonião, and Pennisetum glaucum(L.) R. Br. cv. BN-2) and fallow (control treatment). Soil samples were collected at the beginning of the summer crop in Oct 2007, Oct 2008 and Oct 2009 at 0-5 cm soil depth. The use of cover crops provided for a significant increase in the level of nutrients, soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation in the soil. Soil fertility improved from the first to second year with the growing of cover crops. The soil under cover crops P. glaucum, B. ruziziensis, and B. brizantha showed higher fertility than the area under fallow.

scholarly journals SURVEY ON THE INCIDENCE OF FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATO INCITED BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. LYCOPERSICI (FOL) IN MAJOR TOMATO GROWING AREAS OF KRISHNAGIRI DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplemenet 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vignesh ◽  
K. Rajamohan ◽  
P. Balabaskar ◽  
R. Anandan ◽  
R. Udhayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Collar Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Tomato is one of the most important, commercial and widely grown vegetable crop in the world. It is affected by several fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. Among these Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici causes 30-40% yield loss. A survey was conducted to investigate the incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in ten major tomato growing areas of Krishnagiri district. The occurrence of wilt disease incidence ranged from 18 % to 49% was noticed. Plant showing typical symptoms were taken from 10 fields and identified based on symptom appearance as well as morphological characteristics. The result of the survey revealed that wide range of infection and severity of wilt disease were occurred in the major tomato growing areas in Krishnagiri district. Isolation of the pathogen associated with tomato wilt was made from the diseased tissues in roots and collar region of the plant on the Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Fol3 recorded the maximum wilt incidence followed by Fol4 and the minimum wilt incidence was recorded by Fol6 . The pathogenicity of the fungal pathogen was also proved after artificial inoculation of the tomato seedlings

scholarly journals Soybean oversowing with Urochloa brizantha and Panicum maximum and the straw formation in a no-tillage system

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1209
Author(s):  
Núbia Maria Correia ◽  
Leonardo José Petean Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The objective of this study was to evaluate the soybean oversowing with braquiarão (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) and colonião (Panicum maximum cv. Aruana) and the capacity of these forage crops to produce dry mass during the fall-winter-spring period. Two experiments, one for each forage species, were conducted in field conditions in the 2011/2012 season and were repeated in 2012/2013. The experimental set-up was arranged in a randomized block design with four repetitions in a 2 x 5 factorial. The soybean oversowing was studied in the development stages R6 and R8 (2011/2012) or R5 and R8 (2012/2013) with braquiarão or colonião grass in five seed amounts (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 points of cultural value – PCV = seeds amount x culture value). In both seasons, the braquiarão oversowing at soybean stages R5 and R6 resulted in higher dry mass production, when compared to stage R8. Additionally, the amount of 600 seeds PCV was sufficient to obtain an excellent percentage of soil cover (>95%), in addition to the satisfactory number of plants per m2 and the dry mass production. On the other hand, independent of the soybean development stage in the oversowing moment, colonião was not promising for use in this sowing type because its low stand and irregular soil covering, even at the higher seed amounts.

scholarly journals Straw production and agronomic performance of soybean intercropped with forage species in no-tillage system

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 861-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto Oliveira de Andrade ◽  
Emerson Borghi ◽  
Leandro Bortolon ◽  
Elisandra Solange Oliveira Bortolon ◽  
Francelino Peteno de Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
System A ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Winter Fallow

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the straw production and the agronomic performance of soybean intercropped with oversown forage species, in no-tillage system. A randomized complete block design was carried out with four replicates, in a 5×2+2 factorial arrangement, as follows: five forage species - Urochloa brizantha 'Marandu', Urochloa ruziziensis, Panicum maximum 'Mombaça', Panicum maximum 'Massai', and Pennisetum americanum -, intercropped with soybean over two crop years (2013/2014 and 2014/2015), plus two controls, with P. americanum sowed in succession to soybean or with soybean monocropping followed by winter fallow (traditional cultivation). Soybean yield components and forage straw yield were evaluated. None of the intercropping systems reduced soybean grain yield, compared with monocropped soybean. The oversown species can significantly improve soybean productivity, as is the case for soybean intercropped with P.maximum 'Mombaça', compared with soybean monocropping, followed or not by millet. Panicum maximum 'Mombaça' is the most effective forage species for dry matter accumulation in the fall/spring period.

scholarly journals Effect of Cultivation and Soil Tillage Systems on the Microbial Biomass in Castor Bean Crop at the Irecê Plateau, Bahia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Camila Brasil Dias ◽  
Eduardo Gross ◽  
Arlicélio de Queiroz Paiva ◽  
Luciano da Silva Souza ◽  
Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soil Basal Respiration ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Arid Condition

Inadequate soil management alters the microbiological attributes of the soil, causing reduction in microbial biomass and activity. Microbial biomass is the living and active part of the soil and can serve as an indicator of changes in the quantity of due to changes in land use. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intercropping and soil tillage systems on the microbial biomass in castor bean-based crop in the Irecê Plateau, Bahia, Brazil. The experiment was carried out on an eutrophic Haplic Cambisol with clay texture in the Mata Verde Farm of Alto do Quindinho, municipality of São Gabriel, Irecê Plateau, Bahia, Brazil. Six intercropping systems were evaluated including solely castor bean (control) and castor bean intercropped with each of the castor bean cake, common bean, pigeon pea, corn, and gliricidia. Plowing + harrowing and subsoiling were the two soil tillage techniques associated to the intercropping systems. C and N contents in microbial biomass (Cmic and Nmic), soil basal respiration and metabolic quotient were determined in soil samples collected from the 0-10 and 10-30 cm layers. The different soil management systems influenced microbial biomass and activity, and the most suitable conditions for soil microbiota occurred in the soil tillage system with subsoiling. In the semi - arid condition, at 0-10 cm depth, the castor bean + castor bean cake crop system promoted an increase of Cmic content, and the castor + gliricidia system increased Nmic content, both under soil tillage with subsoiling.

scholarly journals Suppressive effects on weeds and dry matter yields of cover crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 566-574
Author(s):  
Alexandre Cunha de Barcellos Ferreira ◽  
Ana Luiza Dias Coelho Borin ◽  
Julio Cesar Bogiani ◽  
Fernando Mendes Lamas
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the dry matter yield of cover crops and their suppressive effects on weeds. The experiment was carried out during three years in a cerrado area of the state of Goiás, Brazil, and consisted of 16 treatments with fallow and cover crops cultivated in single cropping and intercropping. Fallow allowed high weed infestation. Cover crops affected the composition of weeds, which showed greater diversity in fallow, followed by the Pennisetum glaucum 'BRS 1501' and Cajanus cajan crops. In the average of the three experimental years, the highest dry matter yield was observed for the treatments Panicum maximum (10,857 kg ha-1), Urochloa brizantha 'Piatã' (11,437 kg ha-1), U. ruziziensis (9,463 kg ha-1), and U. ruziziensis intercropped with Crotalaria spectabilis (9,167 kg ha-1), which prevented weed infestation. Pennisetum glaucum 'BRS 1501' had a low dry matter yield (<5,000 kg ha-1) and did not suppress weeds. Panicum maximum, U. brizantha 'Piatã', U. ruziziensis, and U. ruziziensis intercropped with C. spectabilis provide high dry matter yield and suppress weed infestation in the cerrado area.

scholarly journals Produção de biomassa por cultivos de cobertura do solo e produtividade do algodoeiro em plantio direto

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 546-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Cunha de Barcellos Ferreira ◽  
Fernando Mendes Lamas ◽  
Maria da Conceição Santana Carvalho ◽  
Júlio César Salton ◽  
Nelson Dias Suassuna
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção, a persistência da matéria seca e a eficiência da dessecação em espécies vegetais utilizadas para cultivos de cobertura do solo, e quantificar seus efeitos sobre a produtividade do algodoeiro em plantio direto. O trabalho foi realizado em Santa Helena de Goiás, GO, com 16 tratamentos: Panicum maximum, cultivares Mombaça, Tanzânia e Massai; Urochloa brizantha, cultivares Piatã, Xaraés, Marandu e MG4; U. decumbens; Paspalum atratum cv. Pojuca; Sorghum bicolor cultivares Santa Eliza e BRS 700; Pennisetum glaucum cv. ADR 500; Raphanus sativus; Eleusine coracana, Crotalaria spectabilis, além da testemunha em pousio. As espécies foram semeadas no início de março (2007). As espécies com menores produtividades e persistência da matéria seca foram C. spectabilis, E. coracana e R. sativus. As produtividades de algodão em caroço e fibra foram maiores no cultivo sobre palhas residuais das cultivares Tanzânia e Mombaça de P. maximum, em comparação às observadas com uso de P. atratum cv. Pojuca, R. sativus e pousio. Em geral, S. bicolor, P. glaucum e as cultivares Tanzânia e Mombaça de P. maximum, e MG4, Piatã e Xaraés de U. brizantha apresentam produção e persistência da matéria seca adequadas para o cultivo do algodoeiro no sistema de plantio direto, no cerrado brasileiro.

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