scholarly journals Chemical and biological attributes of a lowland soil affected by land leveling

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1489-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Maria Barbat Parfitt ◽  
Luís Carlos Timm ◽  
Klaus Reichardt ◽  
Luiz Fernando Spinelli Pinto ◽  
Eloy Antonio Pauletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Land Leveling ◽  
Biological Attributes ◽  
Chemical Attributes

The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between soil chemical and biological attributes and the magnitude of cuts and fills after the land leveling process of a lowland soil. Soil samples were collected from the 0 - 0.20 m layer, before and after leveling, on a 100 point grid established in the experimental area, to evaluate chemical attributes and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Leveling operations altered the magnitude of soil chemical and biological attributes. Values of Ca, Mg, S, cation exchange capacity, Mn, P, Zn, and soil organic matter (SOM) decreased in the soil profile, whereas Al, K, and MBC increased after leveling. Land leveling decreased in 20% SOM average content in the 0 - 0.20 m layer. The great majority of the chemical attributes did not show relations between their values and the magnitude of cuts and fills. The relation was quadratic for SOM, P, and total N, and was linear for K, showing a positive slope and indicating increase in the magnitude of these attributes in cut areas and stability in fill areas. The relationships between these chemical attributes and the magnitude of cuts and fills indicate that the land leveling map may be a useful tool for degraded soil recuperation through amendments and organic fertilizers.

scholarly journals   Effects of tillage and residue management on soil microbial communities in North China

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Wang ◽  
X.Y. Li ◽  
A.N. Zhu ◽  
X.K. Zhang ◽  
H.W. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
North China ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Microbial

The impacts of tillage system (conventional tillage and no-tillage) and residue management (0, 50, and 100%) on soil properties and soil microbial community structure were determined in the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, North China. The microbial community structure was investigated by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles. The results showed that tillage had significant effects on soil properties and soil microbial communities. In no-tillage (NT), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total N, microbial biomass carbon/soil organic carbon (MBC/SOC), total microbes, and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi increased, while actinomycetes, G<sup>+</sup>/G<sup>&ndash;</sup> bacteria ratio and monounsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (MUFA/STFA) decreased, compared with those in conventional tillage (CT). Residue had a significant positive effect on C/N ratio and MUFA/STFA. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that tillage explained 76.1%, and residue management explained 0.6% of the variations in soil microbial communities, respectively. Soil microbial communities were significantly correlated with MBC, total N, C/N ratio and MBC/SOC. Among the six treatments, NT with 100% residue application obviously improved soil microbiological properties, and could be a proper management practice in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Soil microbiological properties and enzymatic activities of long-term post-fire recovery in dry and semiarid Aleppo pine (<i>Pinus halepensis</i> M.) forest stands

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hedo ◽  
M. E. Lucas-Borja ◽  
C. Wic ◽  
M. Andrés-Abellán ◽  
J. de Las Heras
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments

Abstract. Wildfires affecting forest ecosystems and post-fire silvicultural treatments may cause considerable changes in soil properties. The capacity of different microbial groups to recolonise soil after disturbances is crucial for proper soil functioning. The aim of this work was to investigate some microbial soil properties and enzyme activities in semiarid and dry Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis M.) forest stands. Different plots affected by a wildfire event 17 years ago without or with post-fire silvicultural treatments 5 years after the fire event were selected. A mature Aleppo pine stand, unaffected by wildfire and not thinned was used as a control. Physicochemical soil properties (soil texture, pH, carbonates, organic matter, electrical conductivity, total N and P), soil enzymes (urease, phosphatase, β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase activities), soil respiration and soil microbial biomass carbon were analysed in the selected forests areas and plots. The main finding was that long time after this fire event produces no differences in the microbiological soil properties and enzyme activities of soil after comparing burned and thinned, burned and not thinned, and mature plots. Moreover, significant site variation was generally seen in soil enzyme activities and microbiological parameters. We conclude that total vegetation recovery normalises post-fire soil microbial parameters, and that wildfire and post-fire silvicultural treatments are not significant factors affecting soil properties after 17 years.

scholarly journals SOIL ATTRIBUTES UNDER DIFFERENT WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS OF RICE PADDIES IN THE AMAZONIAN SAVANNA OF BRAZIL1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-649
Author(s):  
ARIANE EVALD ◽  
VALDINAR FERREIRA MELO ◽  
PAULO ROBERTO RIBEIRO ROCHA ◽  
ANTÔNIO CARLOS CENTENO CORDEIRO ◽  
SONICLEY DA SILVA MAIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
C Stock

ABSTRACT The rational use of water while considering the increases in food production is a great challenge for agriculture currently. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the soil properties of rice paddy areas under different water management systems. For this, the rice cultivars BRS Tropical and IRGA 424 were grown under the following treatments: M1: Intermittent flooding; M2: Intermittent flooding, followed by continuous flooding; M3: Continuous flooding, followed by intermittent flooding; and M4: Continuous flooding for the entire plant cycle. As a control, a non-cultivated area, adjacent to the experimental plots was also evaluated. The variables analyzed were P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+ contents, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) Carbon Stock (C-Stock), nitrogen stock (N-Stock), Cation-exchange capacity (CEC), C/N ratio; CO2 emission, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMB), metabolic coefficient (qMic) and acid phosphatase and urease activities. There was not difference among the different water management systems for P, K+, Mg2+, CEC and C/N ratio. The SMB and the acid phosphatase and urease activities were lower under the different treatments when compared to the control. The CO2 emission under rice paddy system was influenced by the phenological phase of the crop. The variables SOC, C-Stock, SMB, C/N ratio, K+, acid phosphatase and usease activities are those most sensitive attributes observed in the soil under different water management systems during rice cultivation. Water management in the rice paddy system influenced soil by changing its quality.

scholarly journals Chemical attributes of soil in agroforestry system of gliricidia intercropped with spineless cactus

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Maria Iza De Arruda Sarmento ◽  
Ednaldo Barbosa Pereira Junior ◽  
Aldrin Martin Pérez-Marin ◽  
Aline Carla de Medeiros ◽  
Patricio Borges Maracajá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Chemical Attributes

<p>In this study, we aimed to assess the chemical attributes of a soil fertilized with organic matter, in an agroforestry system. The experiment was carried out at the Miguel Arraes agricultural experiment station of the National Semiarid Institute (INSA), located in Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. Experimental design consisted of a randomized block with four replications. We applied four treatments of organic fertilization: (HS) Humic Substances; (SW) Seaweeds; (B) Bokashi; and (C) control treatment, without fertilization. Soil samples were collected at 0-20 cm depth, placed in plastic bags and taken to laboratory for the following chemical analysis: pH, potassium (K<sup>+</sup>), sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>), magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), soil organic matter (SOM), sum of bases (SB), cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (V%) and Soil Quality Index (SQI). Organic fertilizers applied to the soil did not affected pH, P, K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup> and CEC. Humic substances treatment increased the availability of Mg<sup>2+</sup>, while seaweeds treatment increased the Ca<sup>2+</sup>, SB, V% and SOM levels.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Atributos químicos do solo em sistema agroflorestal de gliricídia consorciado com palma forrageira</em></strong></p><p><strong>Resumo: </strong>Objetivou-se avaliar os atributos químicos de um solo adubado com matéria orgânica, em um sistema agroflorestal. Para isso foi conduzido um experimento na Estação Experimental da Fazenda Miguel Arraes, situada na área sede do Instituto Nacional do Semiárido (INSA), Unidade de Pesquisa do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI), localizada no município de Campina Grande, Paraíba. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos aplicados foram quatro tipos de adubação orgânica: (SH) Substancia Húmicas; (AM) Algas Marinhas; (B) Bokashi; e (T) tratamentos controle, sem adubação. As amostras foram coletadas na profundidade de 0-20 cm, acondicionadas em sacolas plásticas e levadas ao Laboratório de Análise de Solos, Água e Plantas (LASAP) do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB) campus Sousa para análises químicas [pH, potássio (K<sup>+</sup>), sódio (Na<sup>+</sup>), fósforo (P), cálcio (Ca<sup>2+</sup>), magnésio (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), matéria orgânica do solo (MOS)], soma de bases (SB), capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC), saturação por bases (V%) e Índice de Qualidade do Solo (IQS). Os adubos orgânicos aplicados no solo não influenciaram no pH, fósforo (P), potássio (K<sup>+</sup>), sódio (Na<sup>+</sup>), alumínio (Al<sup>3+</sup>) e CTC. As SH promoveram o aumento na disponibilidade de magnésio (Mg<sup>2+</sup>) e as AM causaram incremento nos teores de Ca<sup>2+</sup>, SB, V% e MOS.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of transgenic cottons expressing cry1Ac on soil biological attributes

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Velmourougane ◽  
A. Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Available N ◽  
Cry1ac Gene ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Biological Attributes

Three transgenic Bt cotton hybrids (RCH-2 Bt, Bunny Bt and NHH 44 Bt) expressing cry1Ac gene were evaluated for their effects on soil biological, microbiological and diversity attributes at 0&ndash;15 cm and 15&ndash;30 cm soil depth under field conditions. At both soil depths, soil respiration rate and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis were the highest in the soil under Bt cotton grown followed by non-Bt soil, and by the control bulk soil, indicating no adverse effects of Bt cotton on soil microbial activity. Urease and dehydrogenase activities, reflecting potentially available N and the oxidative metabolism in soil, respectively, also increased in the sequence no-crop variant &lt; non-Bt soil &lt; soil under Bt cotton at both soil depths. A similar trend was found with the soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial population and microbial diversity indices. These results suggest that cultivation of Bt cotton expressing cry1Ac gene may not pose ecological or environmental risk.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

Using advanced control, post-denitrification and equalisation to improve the performance of a submerged filter

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.H. Sørensen ◽  
D. Thornberg ◽  
K.F. Janning
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total N ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
Side Flow ◽  
Configuration Control ◽  
Control Post

In 1998, the capacity of the BIOSTYR® submerged biofilter at Nyborg WWTP was extended from 48,000 PE to 60,000 PE including advanced sensor based control, post-denitrification in BIOSTYR® and equalization of side flows. The existing configuration with 8 BIOSTYR® DN/N cells is based on pre-denitrification and an internal recirculation of 600–800%. The extended plant comprises 7 BIOSTYR® DN/N cells with 50–225% recirculation followed by 3 BIOSTYR DN cells for post-denitrification. The advanced control loops include blower control, control of the number of active cells (stand-by), automatic switch to high load configuration, control of the side flow equalization, control of the internal recirculation and control of the external carbon source dosing. In this paper, the achieved improvements are documented by comparing influent and effluent data, methanol and energy consumption from comparable periods before and after the extension. Although the nitrogen load to the plant was increased by 20% after the extension, the effluent quality has improved significantly with a reduction of Total-N from 7–8 mg/l to 3–4 mg/l. Simultaneously, the methanol consumption has been reduced by more than 50% per kg removed nitrogen. The energy consumption remained constant although the nitrogen load was increased by 20% and the inflow by 80%.

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