Genetic parameters for drought-tolerance in cassava

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of drought on genetic parameters and breeding values of cassava. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized block design with three replicates, under field conditions with (WD) or without (FI) water deficit. Yield of storage roots (RoY), shoot (ShY), and starch (StY), as well as the number of roots (NR), and root dry matter content (DMC) were evaluated in 47 cassava accessions. Significant differences were observed among accessions; according to heritability, these differences had mostly a genetic nature. Heritability estimates for genotypic effects () ranged from 0.25±0.12 (NR) to 0.60±0.18 (DMC), and from 0.51±0.17 (NR) to 0.80±0.21 (RoY and StY) for WD and FI, respectively, as a consequence of greater environmental influence on WD. Selective accuracy was lower in WD, and ranged from 0.71 (NR) to 0.89 (RoY, DMC, and StY). However, genetic gains were quite high and ranged from 24.43% (DMC) to 113.41% (StY), in WD, and from 8.5% (DMC) to 75.70% (StY) in FI. These genetic parameters may be useful for defining which selection strategies, breeding methods, and experimental designs are more suitable to obtain cassava genetic gains for tolerance to drought.

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Genetic parameters and estimated genetic gains in young rubber tree progenies

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2013000400009 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 411-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cecília Khusala Verardi ◽

Erivaldo José Scaloppi Junior ◽

Guilherme Augusto Peres Silva ◽

Lígia Regina Lima Gouvêa ◽

Paulo de Souza Gonçalves

Keyword(s):

Genetic Gain ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

First Year ◽

Genetic Gains ◽

Selection Gain ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Using Data ◽

Selection Of

The objective of this work was to assess the genetic parameters and to estimate genetic gains in young rubber tree progenies. The experiments were carried out during three years, in a randomized block design, with six replicates and ten plants per plot, in three representative Hevea crop regions of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Twenty-two progenies were evaluated, from three to five years old, for rubber yield and annual girth growth. Genetic gain was estimated with the multi-effect index (MEI). Selection by progenies means provided greater estimated genetic gain than selection based on individuals, since heritability values of progeny means were greater than the ones of individual heritability, for both evaluated variables, in all the assessment years. The selection of the three best progenies for rubber yield provided a selection gain of 1.28 g per plant. The genetic gains estimated with MEI using data from early assessments (from 3 to 5-year-old) were generally high for annual girth growth and rubber yield. The high genetic gains for annual girth growth in the first year of assessment indicate that progenies can be selected at the beginning of the breeding program. Population effective size was consistent with the three progenies selected, showing that they were not related and that the population genetic variability is ensured. Early selection with the genetic gains estimated by MEI can be made on rubber tree progenies.

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Effect of harvest period on the quality of storage roots and protein content of the leaves in five cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta, Crantz)

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132003000200022 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 295-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Edvaldo Sagrilo ◽

Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽

Manoel Genildo Pequeno ◽

Carlos Alberto Scapim ◽

Maria Celeste Gonçalves Vidigal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Starch Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Fresh Matter

The effect of harvest period on the quality of storage roots and leaves of cassava cultivars was determined in an experiment carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications in a split plot scheme, with five cultivars in the plots and ten harvest times in the subplots. The IAC 13 cultivar had the highest rate of dry matter accumulation in the storage roots and the Mico cultivar the lowest. The period of least dry matter content in the storage roots occurred later for the Fécula Branca, Mico and IAC 14 cultivars, and the minimum starch content in the storage roots occurred later for the Fécula Branca and Mico cultivars. In general, the IAC 13, IAC 14 and Fécula Branca cultivars had higher dry matter content in the storage roots, while higher starch content in the dry and fresh matter were obtained in the Fécula Branca cultivar. The crude protein content in the leaves decreased as the plant aged.

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Levels of nutrients and grain yield of maize intercropped with signalgrass (Brachiaria) in different arrangements of plants

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582015000100006 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 49-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M.A.M. FREITAS ◽

D.V. VALADÃO SILVA ◽

M.F. SOUZA ◽

A.A. SILVA ◽

D.T. SARAIVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Matter Content ◽

Seeding Density ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Urochloa Brizantha ◽

Positive Effect

Competition between maize and signalgrass can economically cripple the intercropping by the reduced yield of maize and dry matter content of the forage. In seeking to define plant arrangements which make this system more efficient, this research was held with the objective of assessing the effects of interference of densities of signalgrass (Urochloa Brizantha) on nutrition and on maize grain yield. Two field experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. Treatments were arranged similarly in both experiments, in a 2 x 4 factorial design, the first factor being the dose of Nicosulfuron herbicide applied (0 and 8 g ha-1) and the second factor being the forage seeding rates (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg of seeds per hectare). The interference of signalgrass reduced foliar nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content in maize plants intercropped with the forage. Higher values of grain yield were observed with the reduction of the spacing and the application of the recommended herbicide underdose (8 g ha-1). It was concluded that, regardless of the seeding density of U. Brizantha, reducing the maize seeding inter-rows spacing, combined with the application of an underdose of Nicosulfuron, caused a positive effect by reducing the initial forage growth, resulting in less interference of Urochloa brizantha on nutrient uptake by the maize plants and grain yield of the crop.

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Intrapopulation recurrent selection by mixed models in papaya of the formosa group

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452018870 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Ola Moreira ◽

Karin Tesch Kuhlcamp ◽

Fabíola Lacerda de Souza Barros ◽

Moises Zucoloto ◽

Alyce Carla Rodrigues Moitinho

Keyword(s):

Mixed Models ◽

Recurrent Selection ◽

Block Design ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Genetic Gains ◽

Selection Strategies ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Effective Selection ◽

Solids Content ◽

The Individual

Abstract Few cultivars of papaya from the Formosa group are available to producers, and the development of new genotypes is indispensable. Thus, the use of effective selection strategies to obtain more productive cultivars and better quality fruits is also necessary. The aim of this study was to select of half-sib families (HSF) of papaya using the methodology of mixed models. Nineteen HSFs from the Incaper’s papaya breeding program were evaluated in a randomized block design with five replicates and nine plants per plot. The selection was made based on fruit mass (FM), pulp thickness (PT), soluble solids content in pulp (SS) and number of fruits (NF). The genetic parameters and genotypic values were estimated by the REML/BLUP procedure. The selected HSFs increased FM by 26.1%; the PT in 10.5%; the SS in 7.5% and; the NF in 13.0%. The additive heritability within the progenies and the individual variation coefficient obtained indicate that the selection between and within the HSFs can provide greater genetic gains. The selection based on the REML/BLUP methodology was efficient to obtain simultaneous genetic gains for all variables under study despite the negative correlation between them.

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Nopalea cactus pear fertilized with nitrogen: morphometric, productive and nutritional characteristics

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v40i1.38325 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 38325

Author(s):

João Ricardo Avelar Leite ◽

Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de Sales ◽

Flávio Pinto Monção ◽

Adriano De Souza Guimarães ◽

João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Morphometric Characteristics ◽

Cactus Pear ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Green Matter ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Dry Conditions

This study aimed to evaluate the structural, productive and nutritional characteristics of cactus pear (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck. cv. Miúda/Doce) under five nitrogen doses and two planting orientations. A randomized block design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme was used in the scheme: five nitrogen doses (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg of N ha-1), and two planting orientations (North/South and East/West), with three replicates. Except for the thickness of the secondary (p = 0.04) and tertiary cladodes (p = 0.02), the morphometric characteristics of the cactus pear were not influenced by the nitrogen doses (p > 0.05). The mean height was 120 cm, the areas of the primary, secondary and tertiary cladodium were 160.9; 208 and 158.4 cm², respectively. The application of nitrogen fertilizer, in the dry conditions and doses evaluated, did not affect the production of green matter (PGM, p = 0.56), dry matter (PDM, p = 0.74) and dry matter content (DM, p = 0.72), with averages of 276 t ha-1, 43.2 t ha-1 and 15.7%, respectively. The increase of the nitrogen doses does not improve the majority of the morphometric characteristics or the dry matter yield of the cactus pear cv. Miúda at 730 days after planting.

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Site Specific Nutrient Management in Potato Through Nutrient Omission Plot Technique

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v6i02.18098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (02) ◽

Author(s):

S. K. YADAV ◽

R. K. SINGH ◽

S. K. SINGH ◽

SARALA YADAV ◽

RAHUL R. BAKADE

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Management ◽

Block Design ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Matter Content ◽

Recommended Dose ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium

A field experiment was conducted during four consecutive winter seasons from 2013-14 to 2016-17 at Patna, Bihar under sandy clay loam soil. The trial on potato was laid out in randomized block design with four replications with objective to develop nutrient omission plot technique in potato. The highest plant height and number of shoot per plant were recorded under 150% recommended dose of fertilizer of NPK. The range of dry matter content in potato tuber varied from 16.1 to 17.7% on dry weight basis. The maximum yield of smallest tuber (0-25g) was recorded under 150% recommended dose of fertilizer of NPK, which was at par to all the nutritional treatments and significantly superior over absolute control plot. The maximum yield of medium, large and very large size tuber was recorded under 150% recommended dose of fertilizer of NPK. However, 150% recommended dose of fertilizers of NPK recorded about 13% higher net return over 100% recommended dose of fertilizers of NPK. The maximum yield reduction was observed in the omitted plot without nitrogen among other nutrients like phosphorus and potassium. Hence, nitrogen was one of the most limiting nutrients for tuber yield of potato.

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The yield potential and chemical analysis of some introduction sweet cultivars in the Papua highlands

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/911/1/012038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 911 (1) ◽

pp. 012038

Author(s):

Syafruddin Kadir ◽

Herniwati

Keyword(s):

Chemical Analysis ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Matter Content ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Consumer Responses ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Β Carotene

Abstract The research aims to identify the adaptability some Cilembu sweet potato clones in the highland region of Papua and to determine consumer responses to sweet potato clones Cilembu. The activities carried out in Jayawijaya and Yahukimo. The experiment were 10 cultivars / clones of yams consisting of 6 (six) clones Cilembu and four (4) local sweet potato clones of each: UP-UM 1 (V1), UP-UM 4 (V2), UP-UM 5 (V3), UP-UM 6 (V4), UP-UM 9 (V5), Rancung (V6), Papua Salosa (V7), Helaleke (V8), Cangkuang (V9), and Weayuken (V10). The experiment were conducted on two districts with a height above sea level (asl) different namely Jayawijaya (1550 m asl) and Yakuhimo (2000 m). Assessment was laid out using a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The assessment results in districts Jayawijaya shows that, clones Cilembu UP-UM1, UP-UM 5, UP-UM 6, UP-UM 9, and Rancung, as well as varieties lonkal Papua Salosa compounds containing β-carotene / Antocianin shown from yellow / orange / purple. In the district of Jayawijaya, average tuber longest and largest bulb diameter produced by local variety Cangkuang. But the number of tubers were generated by clones Cilembu UP-UM 5. Productivity and highs of 10 varieties / clones were studied both in Jayawiya and Yakohimo is Cangkuang (23.59 t / ha), while the highest dry matter content produced by clone up- UM 4. Production of dry matter produced by the highest Weayuken varieties. The results of the chemical analysis of the highest protein content produced by clone UP-6 and UP-UM UM 9; The highest content of starch and amylose varieties produced by Cangkuang; The highest content of reducing sugar produced by clone UP-6 and UP-UM UM 9; The highest content of β-carotene produced by UP-UM 5; and the highest content of vitamin C is produced by UP-UM 6.

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Among and within family selection and combined half-sib family selection in Panicum maximum Jacq.

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982009001000003 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (10) ◽

pp. 1870-1877 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Janaina Azevedo Martuscello ◽

Liana Jank ◽

Dilermando Miranda da Fonseca ◽

Cosme Damião Cruz ◽

Daniel de Noronha Figueiredo Vieira da Cunha

Keyword(s):

Selection Criteria ◽

Block Design ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Family Selection ◽

Genetic Gains ◽

Selection Strategies ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Combined Selection

The objective of this study was to select superior genotypes in half-sib populations obtained from crosses between sexual plants and apomictic accessions. The experiment also proposed to compare among and within family and combined selection strategies. Ten plots of sexual plants were randomly distributed among 230 plots of apomictic accessions. After natural pollination, seeds of each sexual plant constituted a half-sib family. Thirty plants of each female progenitor were evaluated in a randomized block design experiment, with five plants per plot and five replications. Five evaluation harvests were made in the rainy seasons and two in the dry seasons of all plants. The production and quality characteristics were evaluated. The selection criteria used was: among and within family selection and combined selection with 50% selection in both. The selection criteria used (among and within family selection and combined selection), were efficient for use in P. maximum breeding, with medium to high gains for most characteristics evaluated. The highest genetic gains were obtained from combined selection. However, among and within family selection promoted high genetic gains and may be used in P. maximum breeding. The sexual progenitors identified as numbers 7, 1, 3 and 5 were promising and may be used in future crosses, as well as to increase the genetic variability in the P.maximum genebank.

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Silage production and the chemical composition of corn and Grass-tanzania intercropping

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n3p1607 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 1607

Author(s):

Fabiana Luiza Matielo de Paula ◽

Luis Fernando Glasenapp de Menezes ◽

Wagner Paris ◽

Ricardo Ronsani ◽

Sarah Maria Hoppen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Matter Content ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Silage Production ◽

Recovery Indices

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and chemical composition of silages of grass Tanzania and corn, grown single or intercropping. The experiment was conducted at UTFPR Câmpus Dois Vizinhos in the period between October 2011 and July 2012, a 600 m² area. The treatments were: TMI - single corn, TMT - corn and grass Tanzania consortium at the time of sowing, TT - Tanzania grass single, TT32 - grass Tanzania silage to 32% dry matter (content similar to that of corn). The experimental design a randomized block design with four treatments and five replications. Agronomic evaluations were performed 120 days after planting, as follows: number of linear-1 plants metro, plant height and ear insertion and number of ears.plants-1. In the grass we evaluated canopy height, where it was held the botanical separation in green leaves, dried and stem. Silage started being held in 100 mm PVC pipe (mini-silos) kept sealed for 60 days. At the time of opening of the silo were determined the following parameters: DM, pH, total loss of DM (PDM), specifies mass (SM), dry matter recovery indices (IRDM), losses gas (LG), and size particle. Chemical analysis of the results of OM, MM, ADF were higher for TMI treatments, TT and TT, respectively. CP and LIG had superior results for the treatments containing grass. Corn intercropping with grass Tanzania silage provides more crude protein and lignin compared to exclusive corn silage without damaging the crop yield. Silage maiden Tanzania has higher levels of ADF and crude protein as well as increased production of dry matter than corn silage. The grass Tanzania should be harvested with 30% DM as presented better pH values, higher dry matter recovery rate, less loss of gas as well as increased production of dry matter that Tanzania harvested at the same age corn.

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Effect of gibberellic acid-3 and 6-benzylaminopurine on dormancy and sprouting of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers cv. Diacol Capiro

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v38n2.82231 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 178-189

Author(s):

Pedro Alfonso Lizarazo-Peña ◽

Federico Fornaguera-Espinoza ◽

Carlos Eduardo Ñústez-López ◽

Nelson Alirio Cruz-Gutiérrez ◽

Liz Patricia Moreno-Fonseca

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Block Design ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Dormancy Period ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Tuber Weight Loss

The duration of the dormancy period in tubers is a determining factor in the planning of potato planting and production. The effect of two plant growth regulators on the dormancy period and sprouting of cv. Diacol Capiro tubers was evaluated in this study. The experiment was carried out under storage conditions (15°C and 75% RH) using a completely randomized block design with 3×3×3 factorial arrangement. The factors were: gibberellic acid-3 (GA3) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6BAP) (0, 25, and 50 mg L-1) and the immersion time (iT) (10, 60, and 120 min). The application of GA3 and iT had an effect on dormancy breakage; the treatments with 25 mg L-1 GA3 and 60 min of immersion were enough to reduce dormancy by 18 d (35%) compared to untreated tubers. The factor GA3 increased tuber weight loss (10.2%), generated sprouts with higher weight (25.6-28.4%), higher length growth rate (42.3%), and lower dry matter content (21.8-28.4%), and it increased secondary sprouting (36.2-57.9%) in comparison with untreated tubers. This way, despite the treatments with 25 mg L-1 GA3 reduced the dormancy period, this dose generated sprouts more susceptible to mechanical damage. The treatments with 6BAP did not significantly affect the evaluated variables.

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