Impacts of water availability on macronutrients in fruit and leaves of conilon coffee

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the concentrations and accumulation of macronutrients in conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) fruit, and their concentrations in leaves, over two years, in irrigated and nonirrigated coffee plants. Three-year-old conilon coffee plants of the cultivar Emcapa 8111 genotype 02 were used. An experimental design was carried out in randomized complete blocks, in a split-plot arrangement, with 14 replicates. The main plot factor was irrigation versus nonirrigation of coffee plants, and the split-plot factor was different fruit and leaf collection times. Collections began 10 days after the beginning of flowering and were performed on average every 28 days, until full fruit ripening. At each sampling date, five plants per treatment were picked out, by collecting one plagiotropic branch by plant, separated into fruit and leaves. Each part was dried, weighed, and subjected to the chemical analysis. Macronutrient accumulations and their accumulation rates were determined. According to the regression analysis of the data, fruit macronutrient accumulation curves fit best to sigmoidal equations. Irrigation affects the macronutrient dynamics in fruit and leaves during the fruiting phase of conilon coffee, and increases the accumulation of nutrients in the plant tissues. The macronutrients found in greater quantities are N, K, and Ca, in fruit and leaves, regardless of the irrigation treatment.

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Does Shade Impact Coffee Yield, Tree Trunk, and Soil Moisture on Coffea canephora Plantations in Mondulkiri, Cambodia?

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132413823 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 13823

Author(s):

Lenka Ehrenbergerová ◽

Marie Klimková ◽

Yessika Garcia Cano ◽

Hana Habrová ◽

Samuel Lvončík ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Availability ◽

Coffea Canephora ◽

Total Weight ◽

Coffee Bean ◽

Coffee Plantations ◽

Coffee Yield ◽

Coffee Plants ◽

Coffee Cultivation ◽

Bean Weight

Shade is a natural condition for coffee plants; however, unshaded plantations currently predominate in Asia. The benefits of shading increase as the environment becomes less favorable for coffee cultivation, e.g., because of climate change. It is necessary to determine the effects of shade on the yield of Coffea canephora and on the soil water availability. Therefore, three coffee plantations (of 3, 6, and 9 ha) in the province of Mondulkiri, Cambodia, were selected to evaluate the effect of shade on Coffea canephora yields, coffee bush trunk changes, and soil moisture. Our study shows that shade-grown coffee delivers the same yields as coffee that is grown without shading in terms of coffee bean weight or size (comparing average values and bean variability), the total weight of coffee fruits per coffee shrub and the total weight of 100 fruits (fresh and dry). Additionally, fruit ripeness was not influenced by shade in terms of variability nor in terms of a possible delay in ripening. There was no difference in the coffee stem diameter changes between shaded and sunny sites, although the soil moisture was shown to be higher throughout the shaded sites.

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Concentration and accumulation of micronutrients in robust coffee

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v41i1.42685 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 42685

Author(s):

Danielly Dubberstein ◽

Fábio Luiz Partelli ◽

Marcelo Curitiba Espíndula ◽

Jairo Rafael Machado Dias

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Zinc Concentration ◽

Coffea Canephora ◽

Specific Requirement ◽

Accumulation Rates ◽

Coffee Tree ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Sigmoidal Model ◽

Accumulation Curves

Knowledge on the dynamics of micronutrients in coffee tree assists nutritional diagnosis and fertilization management. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration and accumulation of micronutrients in the leaves and fruits of Coffea canephora. The experiment was managed in crops propagated for 2.5 years in a split-plot-in-time scheme in which the main plots consisted of fertilized and not-fertilized plants, and the subplots stipulated the evaluation periods. The berries and leaves were collected every 28 days, starting from the first flowering to full maturity. The micronutrient content was determined by laboratory chemical analysis, and the accumulation of nutrients in the fruit (mg) was calculated by multiplying the dry matter of the berry (g) × nutrient concentration (mg kg−1). The results showed that fertilization infers the zinc concentration in the fruits and the concentration for manganese, iron and zinc in the leaves in the determined periods. Micronutrient accumulation curves followed the simple sigmoidal model, with accumulation increasing considerably as a function of fruit growth. Thus, fertilization based on micronutrients must be divided over stages with higher accumulation rates, considering the specific requirement of each nutrient.

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Interaction of dicamba, fluthiacet-methyl, and glyphosate for control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theopharsti) in dicamba/glyphosate-resistant soybean

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2021.40 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Jose H. S. de Sanctis ◽

Amit J. Jhala

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Field Experiments ◽

The United States ◽

Application Rate ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

Agronomic Crops ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Biomass Reduction

Abstract Velvetleaf is an economically important weed in agronomic crops in Nebraska and the United States. Dicamba applied alone usually does not provide complete velvetleaf control, particularly when velvetleaf is greater than 15 cm tall. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the interaction of dicamba, fluthiacet-methyl, and glyphosate applied alone or in a mixture in two- or three-way combinations for velvetleaf control in dicamba/glyphosate-resistant (DGR) soybean and to evaluate whether velvetleaf height (≤ 12 cm or ≤ 20 cm) at the time of herbicide application influences herbicide efficacy, velvetleaf density, biomass, and soybean yield. Field experiments were conducted near Clay Center, Nebraska in 2019 and 2020. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot with velvetleaf height (≤ 12 cm or ≤ 20 cm) as the main plot treatment and herbicides as sub-plot treatment. Fluthiacet provided ≥ 94% velvetleaf control 28 d after treatment (DAT) and ≥ 96% biomass reduction regardless of application rate or velvetleaf height. Velvetleaf control was 31% to 74% at 28 DAT when dicamba or glyphosate was applied alone to velvetleaf ≤ 20 cm tall compared with 47% to 100% control applied to ≤ 12 cm tall plants. Dicamba applied alone to ≤ 20 cm tall velvetleaf provided < 75% control and < 87% biomass reduction 28 DAT compared with ≥ 90% control with dicamba at 560 g ae ha−1 + fluthiacet at 7.2 g ai ha−1 or glyphosate at 1,260 g ae ha−1. Dicmaba at 280 g ae ha−1 + glyphosate at 630 g ae ha−1 applied to ≤ 20 cm tall velvetleaf resulted in 86% control 28 DAT compared with the expected 99% control. The interaction of dicamba + fluthiacet + glyphosate was additive for velvetleaf control and biomass reduction regardless of application rate and velvetleaf height.

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PENGARUH JENIS MULSA DAN PUPUK GANDASIL-B TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (Capsium frustescens L.) PADA TANAH GAMBUT PEDALAMAN (The Effect of Mulch Type and Gandasil-B Fertilizer on The Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper (Capsicum fr

AgriPeat ◽

10.36873/agp.v18i01.17 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (01) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Admin Journal

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Different Types ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Black Plastic

ABSTRACTThis research was aimed to investigate the effect of mulch type and gandasil-B fertilizer on the growth and yield of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) on inland peat soil. The method used in this research was two-factor Randomized Block Design with split plot arrangement and three replications. The main plot was the mulch type which consists of three treatments, namely: control, cogon grass and silver-black plastic mulch, and as sub plot was the dose of gandasil-B which consists of four 4 levels, namely: 0, 1, 2, and 3 g L-1 water. Results showed that the interaction between different types of mulch and gandasil-B fertilizer only had significant effect on the diameter of the stem, the number of productive branch, the number of fruit per plant, and the weight of fruit per plant. The utilization of silver-black plastic mulch and gandasil- B fertilizer at the concentration of 3 g L-1 water showed more number of productive branch (14.00 branches) and number of fruit (151.17 fruits) per plant and the weight of fruit (166.52 g) per plant was significantly higher.Keywords : Mulch, cogon grass, silver-black plastic, Gandasil-B, inland peat soil ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis mulsa dan pupuk gandasil-B terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum fruestescens L.) pada tanah gambut pedalaman. Percobaan ini menggunaakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) disusun secara split plot dengan dua faktor perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Sebagai petak utama, yaitu jenis mulsa terdiri dari tiga jenis, yaitu : kontrol, mulsa alang-alang dan mulsa plastik hitam perak. Sebagai anak petak adalah dosis pupuk Gandasil-B terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan, yaitu : 0, 1, 2 dan 3 g L-1 air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi penggunaan jenis mulsa dengan pupuk gandasil-B hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter batang, jumlah cabang produktif, jumlah buah per tanaman dan berat buah per tanaman. Penggunaan mulsa plastik hitam perak dan pupuk gandasil-B 3 g L-1 air diperoleh jumlah cabang produktif (14.00 cabang) dan jumlah buah (151.17 buah) per tanaman) nyata lebih banyak dan berat buah (166.52 g) per tanaman nyata lebih tinggi.Kata kunci : Mulsa, alang-alang, plastik hitam perak, pupuk gandasil-B, gambut pedalaman

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Effect of varieties and weeding regimes on weed and performance of

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.1(3).p121-130 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 121-130

Author(s):

U. Ismaila ◽

M. G. Kolo ◽

A. U. Gbanguba

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Active Ingredient ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Aerobic Rice ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

And Performance ◽

Plot Design

A Field trial was conducted at the aerobic rice experimental field of the NationalCereals Research Institute (NCRI), Badeggi, Nigeria (9 ° 04 N and 6° 7 E)in 2007 and 2008 wet seasons to determine the weed competitiveness andperformance of inter Ã¢â‚¬Â and intraÃ¢â‚¬Âspecific aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) varietiesunder seven weeding regimes. The trial was laid out in a split plot designwith the two varieties of rice (NERICA 1 as inter Ã¢â‚¬Âspecific and FARO 46 asintra Ã¢â‚¬Âspecific) assigned to the main plot while seven weeding regimes (hoeweeding at 25, 45, and 65 days after sowing (DAS), 25 DAS, 45 DAS, 25 and45 DAS, application of 3’,3’ Ã¢â‚¬Â dichloropropionanilide /2, 4 – Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (orizo plus R) by Candel Company Ltd. at 3.5 kg active ingredient(ai )ha Ã¢â‚¬Â1 at 25 DAS, hoe weeding at 25 DAS followed by orizo plus at 3.5 kg aiat 45 DAS and weedy check) constituted the sub – plots. The treatmentswere replicated three times in a split plot design. From the results, interspecificvariety (NERICA1) had better weed suppression ability with highergrain yield of 3.1 t ha Ã¢â‚¬Â1 than the intraÃ¢â‚¬Âspecific variety (FARO 46). Weed controlwas better when hoe weeding was done at 25, 45 and 65 DAS or 25 and45 DAS and at 25 DAS followed by orizo plus at 45 DAS than in other treatments.However, hoe weeding at 25, 45 and 65 DAS gave significantlygreater grain yield than other treatments. Although economic yield was obtainedfrom hoe weeding at 25 DAS followed by orizo plus at 45 DAS.

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Potencial de Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) como Agentes Anti-herbívoros em Cultivo de Café (Coffea canephora Pierre) e Feijão Guandu [Cajanus cajans (L.) Millsp]

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v6i2.291 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 113-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leandro Xavier Teixeira Chevalier ◽

Diego Silva Gomes ◽

Antonio José Mayhé-Nunes ◽

Jarbas Marçal Queiroz

Keyword(s):

Coffea Canephora ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Sugar Solution ◽

Foraging Activity ◽

Organic Management ◽

Coffee Plants

Este trabalho analisou a variação no potencial das formigas como agentes anti-herbívoros em plantas de café (Coffea canephora Pierre) e guandu [Cajanus cajans (L.) Millsp]. Foram usados ovos artificiais, simulando a presença de insetos herbívoros, e solução de açúcar, para aumentar a atividade de formigas, em experimentos de campo. As plantas de café e de guandu possuíam diferentes níveis de atividade de formigas, pois as últimas eram atacadas por membracídeos que atraíam mais formigas. A atividade das formigas foi monitorada após aplicação de solução de açúcar e a remoção de ovos artificiais foi medida após 24 e 48 horas. A solução de açúcar aumentou significativamente a atividade de formigas em plantas de café e de guandu. A remoção dos ovos artificiais foi significativamente maior em ramos com formigas do que sem formigas para as plantas de guandu. A adição de solução de açúcar aumentou a remoção de ovos artificiais em plantas de guandu, mas não em plantas de café. O tratamento com solução de açúcar e a presença de membracídeos em guandu tiveram efeitos similares sobre a atividade de formigas. Este estudo mostrou que a aplicação de solução de açúcar pode ser utilizada para simular a presença de membracídeos sobre as plantas, aumentando a atividade de formigas. Isso permitiu a avaliação de seu potencial como agentes anti-herbívoros, através de experimentos que simulam a presença de insetos sobre as plantas. Potential of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as Anti-herbivore Agents in Cultivation of the Coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre) and Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajans (L.) Millsp] Abstract. This study analyzed the role of ants as anti-herbivore agents in Coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre) and Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajans (L.) Millsp] plants in agroecosystem under organic management. In these plants we used artificial eggs and sugar solution in experiments that simulated the presence of herbivore insects. Coffee plants did not possess any natural attractive that could intensify foraging activity of ants, but pigeon pea plants were infested by treehoppers which attracted ants. Activity of ants was surveyed after sugar solution application and artificial eggs removal was measured 24 and 48 h after start of the experiments. Sugar solution sprinkled on plants foliage increased significantly the activity of ants on coffee and pigeon pea plants. The removal of artificial eggs was significantly greater in branch with ants than without ants for pigeon pea plants. The sugar solution addiction resulted in greater artificial eggs removal in pigeon pea plants, but not in coffee plants. The treatment with sugar solution and presence of treehoppers had similar effects on the activity of ants on the plants. This study showed that the application of sugar solution can be used to increase activity of ants on plants as well as the potential of ants as anti-herbivore agents can be evaluated in experiments that simulate the presence of insects on the plants.

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Critical time for weed removal in dicamba tolerant soybean as influenced by pre emergence herbicides

Acta herbologica ◽

10.5937/actaherb2001055j ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62

Author(s):

Darko Jovanović ◽

Ivan Cuvaca ◽

Jon Scott ◽

Stevan Knežević

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Critical Time ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Plot Design ◽

Weed Removal

Field experiment was conducted in 2019 at Haskell Agriculture Laboratory, Concord, NE, USA. Goal of the study was to test the influence of PRE-EM herbicides on the Critical Time for Weed Removal (CTWR) in dicamba-tolerant soybean. The study was arranged in a split-plot design which consisted of four herbicide regimes as main plot treatments and seven weed removal timings as subplot treatments, with four replications. The herbicide regimes included: (1) no PRE and glyphosate, (2) acetochlor and dicamba as PRE and glyphosate as POST, (3) acetochlor and dicamba as PRE and glyphosate and dicamba as POST, and (4) acetochlor and fomesafen as PRE and acetochlor, glyphosate and dicamba as POST. The five weed removal times included the V1, V3, V6, R2 and R5, and there were also weedy and weed-free season long plots. By utilizing herbicide regimes, the CTWR was delayed to 632 GDD (until V4 soybean growth stage, 28 days after emergence) for acetochlor and dicamba as PRE and glyphosate as POST, 861 GDD (until V6 soybean growth stage, 32 days after emergence) for acetochlor and dicamba as PRE and glyphosate and dicamba as POST, and 1060 GDD (until R1 soybean growth stage, 42 days after emergence) for acetochlor and fomesafen as PRE and acetochlor, glyphosate and dicamba as POST.

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Apparent Tolerance of Low Water Availability in Temperate Asian Bamboos1

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/jeh-d-17-00009.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 7-13

Author(s):

Melissa C. Smith ◽

Richard N. Mack

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

North American ◽

Water Availability ◽

Irrigation Treatment ◽

Bamboo Species ◽

Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Pleioblastus Chino

Abstract Suitable plant water dynamics and the ability to withstand periods of low moisture input facilitate plant establishment in seasonally arid regions. Temperate bamboos are a major constituent of mixed evergreen and deciduous forests throughout temperate East Asia but play only an incidental role in North American forests and are altogether absent in the Pacific Northwest forest. Many bamboo species are classified as mesic or riparian, but none are considered drought tolerant. To assess their ability to withstand low water, we subjected five Asian temperate and one North American temperate bamboo species to three irrigation treatments: 100%, 50%, and 10% replacement of water lost through evapotranspiration. Plants were irrigated every four days over a 31-day period. Plant response to treatments was measured with stomatal conductance, leaf xylem water potentials, and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). Pleioblastus distichus and Pseudosasa japonica showed significant reductions in conductance between high and low irrigation treatments. Sasa palmata had significantly lower stomatal conductance in all treatments. Pleioblastus chino displayed significantly higher iWUE in the mid irrigation treatment and Arunindaria gigantea displayed significantly lower iWUE than P. chino and S. palmata in the low irrigation treatment. The Asian bamboo species examined here tolerate low water availability and readily acclimate to different soil moisture conditions. Index words: Temperate bamboos, irrigation response, stomatal conductance, intrinsic water use efficiency. Species used in this study: Giant Cane [Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.]; Pleioblastus chino (Franchet & Savatier) Makino; Pleioblastus distichus (Mitford) Nakai; Pseudosasa japonica (Makino); Sasa palmata (Bean) Nakai.

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KAJIAN TINGKAT DEKOMPOSISI SERASAH DAUN DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN AGEN PENGENDALI HAYATI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL CABAI MERAH

Agrivet ◽

10.31315/agrivet.v26i2.3994 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Oktavia Sarhesti Padmini ◽

Rukmowati Brotodjojo ◽

Dyah Arbiwati

Keyword(s):

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji dampak tingkat dekomposisi serasah daun dan agen pengendali hayati+NPK terhadap pertumbuhan hasil cabai merah. Percobaan menggunakan split plot, disusun menurut Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan tiga ulangan. Sebagai Main plot adalah Dekomposisi serasah daun dengan rasio C/N 28,52 dan dekomposisi serasah daun dengan rasio C / N 16,57. Sub plot adalah jenis agen pengendali hayati dengan enam perlakuan sebagai berikut: 1) Hanya menggunakan NPK dosis rekomendasi (500 kg.ha-1), 2) Kombinasi Trichoderma + 50 % dosis NPK, 3) Kombinasi Mikoriza + 50 % dosis NPK, 4) Kombinasi PGPR + 50 % dosis NPK, 5) Lem pengendalian hama, 6) Stimulant. Data dianalisis varians diikuti oleh Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dekomposisi serasah daun dengan rasio C / N 16,57 secara signifikan memperbaiki tinggi tanaman pada hari ke umur 3 MST, jumlah cabang umur 5 MST dan 7 MST serta jumlah buah dan bobot buah panen pertama dan kedua dibandingkan dengan cabai yang diberi perlakuan dekomposisi serasah daun dengan rasio C / N 28,52. Tanaman lebih tinggi pada penyemprotan stimulan+50% dosis NPK, tetapi tidak diikuti oleh pertumbuhan cabang, serta jumlah dan bobot buah. Kombinasi agen pengendali hayati jenis Trichoderma sp, Mikoriza sp. dan PGPR + dosis 50% NPK meningkatkan jumlah cabang serta menghasilkan jumlah dan bobot buah, namun, tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara ketiga jenis agen pengendali hayati. Pertumbuhan tanaman yang diberi pupuk NPK memiliki pertumbuhan tanaman paling rendah dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya.

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