scholarly journals Soluble tissue sugar content and leaf blast severity in response to the application of calcinated serpentinite as a silicon source in irrigated rice

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Sitarama Prabhu ◽  
Alberto Baêta dos Santos ◽  
Agostinho Dirceu Didonet
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Silicon Source ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Tissue

A field experiment conducted with the irrigated rice cultivar BRS Formoso, to assess the efficiency of calcinated serpentinite as a silicon source on grain yield was utilized to study its effect on leaf blast severity and tissue sugar levels. The treatments consisted of five rates of calcinated serpentinite (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 Mg.ha-1) incorporated into the soil prior to planting. The leaf blast severity was reduced at the rate of 2.96% per ton of calcinated serpentinite. The total tissue sugar content decreased significantly as the rates of serpentinite applied increased (R² = 0.83). The relationship between the tissue sugar content and leaf blast severity was linear and positive (R² = 0.81). The decrease in leaf blast severity with increased rates of calcinated serpentinite was also linear (R²= 0.96) and can be ascribed to reduced sugar level.

scholarly journals Early Transplanting of Rainfed Rice Minimizes Irrigation Demand by Utilizing Rainfall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Belal Hossain ◽  
Debjit Roy ◽  
Mir Nurul Hasan Mahmud ◽  
Priya Lal Chandra Paul ◽  
Mst. Shetara Yesmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Irrigation Demand ◽  
Reproductive Phase

Abstract BackgroundRainfall is the key contributor to provide soil moisture for wet season rice (T. Aman) cultivation. Erratic rainfall often causes water shortage resulting negative impact on plant growth and grain yield. The study aimed to determine suitable transplanting window that utilized maximum rainfall for long duration (145 days) rice cultivar. Firstly, three years field experiment conducted in Kushtia, Bangladesh in T. Aman season from 2013 to 2015, and then the findings were implemented for another two adjacent locations, Panba and Rajshahi. The field experiment considered six transplanting dates of popular cultivar BR11 at 7 days interval starting from 10 July up to 14 August. The CROPWAT 8.0 model was used to calculate crop water requirement (CWR), effective rainfall and irrigation demand (ID) from collected weather data in each growth phase of rice. A suitable transplanting window was selected considering minimum ID at reproductive phase and the maximum grain yield. ResultsT. Aman rice received enormous rainfall and accounted no irrigation at vegetative phase in all three tested years in all locations. The early transplanting received more rainfall in reproductive phase than late planting practice. Thus, Irrigation demand increased at reproductive phase with delay transplanting in moderate drought prone Kushtia, Pabna and Rajshah. A significant relationship (R2 = 0.71) observed between ID at reproductive phase to grain yield, while grain yield responded weakly with the ID at ripening phase. Based on yield performance 10-24 July found suitable transplanting window for BR11 in Kushtia. Applying ID vs yield relationship, 10-17 July and 10-24 July considered the best transplanting window in Pabna and Rajshahi, respectively. ConclusionsDelay in transplanting demanded more irrigation and reduced yield. Consequently, early transplanting utilized maximum rainfall, reduced ID in reproductive stage and ensured desired grain yield.

scholarly journals Effect of Sugar Content on Acetaldehyde Yield in Cigarette Smoke

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Cahours ◽  
T Verron ◽  
S Purkis
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Work Supports ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between cigarette blend sugar and acetaldehyde formed in its smoke is a matter of current regulatory interest. This paper provides a re-analysis of data from 83 European commercial cigarettes studied in the 1970s and more modern data on sugar levels and acetaldehyde yields from a series of 97 European commercial cigarettes containing both inherent sugar and in other cases inherent and added sugar. It also provides data from 65 experimental cigarette products made from single curing grades of tobacco, having a wide range of inherent sugar levels but no added sugar.This study has shown that there is no relationship between acetaldehyde yields and blend sugar content even if a multivariate analysis is carried out taking into account Nicotine Free Dry Particulate Matter (NFDPM) as a co-factor. Such analyses should take into consideration each of the known contributory factors in order to avoid misleading conclusions.No distinction was found between the mainstream acetaldehyde yields from dark air-cured, flue-cured or US blended style cigarettes irrespective of their sugar content after taking account of differences in NFDPM yields. Similarly, no distinction was found between mainstream acetaldehyde yields of cigarettes made from single grades of either flue-cured, sun-cured or air-cured tobaccos with no sugar added.This work supports the conclusion that structural material in the tobacco plant is the main source of acetaldehyde in mainstream smoke after combustion during cigarette smoking.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and virulence pattern in field populations of Pyricularia grisea from rice cultivar Metica-1

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1681-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Cristina Filippi ◽  
Anne Sitarama Prabhu ◽  
Leila Garcês de Araújo ◽  
Josias Correa de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Virulence Pattern ◽  
Cultivar Specificity

Rice blast is a major yield constraint of the irrigated rice in the State of Tocantins, Brazil. The objective of this investigation was to study the phenotypic and genetic diversity within the pathogen population of Pyricularia grisea in samples collected from four individual farms of rice cultivar Metica-1, under epidemic conditions of leaf blast. A set of 87 isolates was tested on 32 rice genotypes including eight international differentials. Considering 80% similarity in virulence, two groups comprising a total of 81 isolates were recognized, independently of the farms from which they were collected. Eighty percent of the isolates pertained to pathotype ID-14, indicating high cultivar specificity and narrow diversity of virulence in the sample population. The virulence in pathogen population on rice cultivars BR-IRGA 409 and Rio Formoso was low. Analysis of P. grisea isolates using rep-PCR with two primer sequences from Pot2 generated fingerprint profiles of one to nine bands. Cluster analysis revealed the occurrence of six fingerprint groups with similarities ranging from 0.09 to 1. There was no straight relationship between virulence of the isolates based on reaction pattern on 32 genotypes and grouping based on Pot2 rep-PCR analysis of P. grisea isolates collected from 'Metica-1'.

scholarly journals Tagging microsatellite marker to a blast resistance gene in the irrigated rice cultivar Cica-8

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Martins Pinheiro ◽  
Leila Garcês de Araújo ◽  
Valácia Leme da Silva-Lobo ◽  
Anne Sitarama Prabhu ◽  
Marta Cristina de Filippi
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Single Dominant Gene ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Blast Resistance Gene ◽  
Differential Reaction ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

The rice cultivar Cica-8 exhibit differential reaction to several pathotypes of Magnaporthe oryzae. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the number of alleles involved in the expression of resistance to leaf blast and identify microsatellite markers linked to these alleles. A cross between cultivar Metica-1 and Cica-8 susceptible and resistant, respectively, to pathotype IB-1 (Py1049) was made to obtain F1, F2, BC1:1 and BC1:2 progenies. Greenhouse tests for leaf blast reaction showed that resistance is controlled by a monogenic dominant gene. For testing microsatellite markers, DNA of both resistant and susceptible parents and F1 and F2 populations was extracted. As expected for single dominant gene the F2 populations segregated at a ratio of 3:1. Of the 11 microsatellite markers tested, one marker RM 7102 was found to be closely linked to the resistant allele at a distance of 2.7 cM, in the cultivar Cica-8 to pathotype IB-1.

scholarly journals Economic and productive analysis of irrigated rice crops using a multicase study

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Inácio Saldanha Xavier ◽  
Alessandro Porporatti Arbage ◽  
Michel Rocha da Silva ◽  
Giovana Ghisleni Ribas ◽  
Lorenzo Dalcin Meus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Investment Planning ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multicase Study

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between grain yield and production costs of flood-irrigated rice (Oryza sativa) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in order to determine the yield range that maximizes the profit of farmers. There are estimations pointing out that the yield range that maximizes the profit for farmers is about 75 and 85% of the yield potential; however, this still needs to be validated for irrigated rice in Brazil. To validate these values, a technical and economic monitoring was carried out for eight farmers of irrigated rice, whose production costs were measured and compared with the mean yield and the percentage of potential yield achieved. To determine the potential yield of each crop, SimulArroz, a process-based model developed for the simulation of rice growth and yield in the South of Brazil, was used. The grain yield achieved by the farmers ranged from 6.3 to 11.0 Mg ha-1 (48 to 83% of the potential yield), costs ranged from R$4,197.00 ha-1 to R$6,227.00 ha-1, and profit ranged from R$-52.00 ha-1 to R$3,599.00 ha-1. Farmers who reach between 69 and 83% of yield potential achieve the highest profitability. The investment planning based on the yield potential calculated by the SimulArroz model can be efficiently adopted for irrigated rice crops.

scholarly journals Effect of two periods of irrigation on some Traits of inbred lines and Hybrids of Maize

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Ziyad A. Abed ◽  
Ibrahim I. H. Al-Mashhidani ◽  
Hayam A. Mohammed ◽  
Sabah D. A. ALatabi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Autumn Season ◽  
The Relationship

A field experiment was conducted in Coll. of Agriculture-Abu-Graib during two autumn seasons 2011 and 2012. This was to study some of growth criteria, genetic-morphological yield components for hybrids and inbred lines of maize, and to determine the relationship between yield and system capacity constant ( SCC) under two periods of irrigation (5 and 10 days), in addition to determine genotypes that have high yielding ability under sufficient and in insufficient water. A factorial arrangement of RCBD with three replicated was used. The result showed that hybrid Zm607xCA17 gave highest mean of dry matter (16.73 t/ha) and the hybrid CA17xCA21 gave highest mean of leaf area (0.44 m2) and number of kernel per ear (380.60 kernel/ear), while the hybrid OH40xZm51 gave highest mean of kernel weight (286.00 mg/kernel) and the hybrid CA21xZm607 gave highest mean of grain yield (5.69 t/ha) under the period of irrigation 5 days. While under period of irrigation 10 days, the hybrid OH40xZm51 gave highest mean of leaf area (0.41 m2) and the hybrid OH40xCA17 gave highest mean of dry matter (15.01 t/ha) and the hybrid CA17xCA21 gave highest mean of number of kernel per ear (373.38 kernel/ear), while the hybrid Zm51xCA17 was superior in kernel weight (276.00 mg/kernel) and the hybrid CA21xZm607 was gave highest mean of grain yield (4.91 t/ha) during autumn season 2011. During autumn season 2012, the hybrid Zm51xCA17 was superior in leaf area (0.46 m2) and the hybrid CA17xCA21 gave highest means of dry matter and grain yield (17.81 t/ha and 6.69 t/ha) respectively, and the hybrid OH40xCA17 gave highest mean of number of kernel per ear (410.66 kernel/ear), while the hybrid Zm51xCA17 was superior in kernel weight (280.00 mg/kernel) under period of irrigation 5 days. While under the period of irrigation 10 days, the hybrid OH40xCA17 was superior in leaf area (0.43 m2) and the hybrid CA17xCA21 gave highest means of dry matter, number of kernel per ear and grain yield (15.35 t/ha, 379.66 kernel/ear and 5.38 t/ha) respectively, while the hybrid Zm51xCA17 gave highest mean of kernel weight (275 mg/kernel). We can conclude that OH40xZm51, OH40xCA17, CA17xCA21, Zm51xCA17 and CA21xZm607 were best hybrids when application of selection program for water stresses tolerance.

scholarly journals Relationship between potassium fertilization and panicle blast severity in upland rice

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1729-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Sitarama Prabhu ◽  
Morel Pereira Barbosa Filho ◽  
Marta Cristina Filippi ◽  
Francisco José Pfeilsticker Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
N Application ◽  
Panicle Blast ◽  
Upland Rice Cultivar ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
K Fertilization

The influence of K2O (0, 40, 80, 120 kg ha-1) at varying rates of N application (0, 30, 60 kg ha-1) at planting, on panicle blast (Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc.) was studied in a field experiment conducted during three consecutive years with the upland rice cultivar Douradão. Panicle blast severity decreased with increasing rates of potassium in the absence of nitrogen (N0). The relationship between panicle blast and K rates was quadratic at 30 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. Significant response to K fertilization was not obtained at 60 kg ha-1 of nitrogen in relation to panicle blast severity.

scholarly journals Integrated Effect of Host Plant Resistance and Fungicidal Seed Treatment on Rice Blast Control in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Filippi ◽  
A. S. Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Panicle Blast ◽  
Advanced Line ◽  
Upland Rice Cultivar ◽  
Disease Pressure

A field experiment was conducted in two successive years at Goiânia, GO, Brazil, to study the effect of seed treatment with pyroquilon fungicide (4.0 g a.i. per kg of seed) on rice blast in cultivars that differed in their level of resistance. Leaf and panicle blast progress was monitored in the newly released, early maturing upland rice cultivar Guarani and the advanced line CNA 4136, and compared with disease progress in the susceptible commercial cultivars IAC 165 and IAC 25 in plots with treated and untreated seed. Seed treatment suppressed leaf blast until 62 and 47 days after seeding in 1987 and 1988, respectively, when averaged across cultivars. The slow blasting nature of Guarani and CNA 4136 increased the level of disease control when environmental conditions favored blast development in 1988. Under high disease pressure the correlation between leaf blast and panicle blast severity in the field plots was negative (r = -0.5, P = 0.01). Leaf blast severity at 47 days after seeding was negatively correlated to grain yield (r = -0.709, P = 0.001). Guarani exhibited an increase in grain yield over the untreated control of 28%, corresponding to 826 kg/ha.

IMPROVEMENT OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT SELECTION METHODOLOGIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
А. I. Grabovets ◽  
V. P. Kadushkina ◽  
S. А. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

With the growing aridity of the climate on the Don, it became necessary to improve the methodology for conducting the  breeding of spring durum wheat. The main method of obtaining the source material remains intraspecific step hybridization. Crossings were performed between genetically distant forms, differing in origin and required traits and properties. The use of chemical mutagenesis was a productive way to change the heredity of genotypes in terms of drought tolerance. When breeding for productivity, both in dry years of research and in favorable years, the most objective markers were identified — the size of the aerial mass, the mass of grain per plant, spike, and harvest index. The magnitude of the correlation coefficients between the yield per unit area and the elements of its structure is established. It was most closely associated with them in dry years, while in wet years it decreased. Power the correlation of the characteristics of the pair - the grain yield per square meter - the aboveground biomass averaged r = 0.73, and in dry years it was higher (0.91) than in favorable ones (0.61 - 0.70) , between the harvest and the harvest index - r = 0.81 (on average). In dry years, the correlation coefficient increased to 0.92. Research data confirms the greatest importance of the mass of grain from one ear and the plant in the formation of grain yield per unit area in both dry and wet years. In dry years, the correlation coefficient between yield and grain mass per plant was on average r = 0.80; in favorable years, r = 0.69. The relationship between yield and grain mass from the ear was greater — r = 0.84 and r = 0.82, respectively. Consequently, the breeding significance of the aboveground mass and the productivity of the ear, as a criterion for the selection of the crop, especially increases in the dry years. They were basic in the selection.

scholarly journals Optimizing Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency Based on the Relationship between Leaf Area Index and Evapotranspiration

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
Bo Ming ◽  
Dongping Shen ◽  
Ruizhi Xie ◽  
Peng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Achieving optimal balance between maize yield and water use efficiency is an important challenge for irrigation maize production in arid areas. In this study, we conducted an experiment in Xinjiang China in 2016 and 2017 to quantify the response of maize yield and water use to plant density and irrigation schedules. The treatments included four irrigation levels: 360 (W1), 480 (W2), 600 (W3), and 720 mm (W4), and five plant densities: 7.5 (D1), 9.0 (D2), 10.5 (D3), 12.0 (D4), and 13.5 plants m−2 (D5). The results showed that increasing the plant density and the irrigation level could both significantly increase the leaf area index (LAI). However, LAI expansion significantly increased evapotranspiration (ETa) under irrigation. The combination of irrigation level 600 mm (W3) and plant density 12.0 plants m−2 (D4) produced the highest maize yield (21.0–21.2 t ha−1), ETa (784.1–797.8 mm), and water use efficiency (WUE) (2.64–2.70 kg m−3), with an LAI of 8.5–8.7 at the silking stage. The relationship between LAI and grain yield and evapotranspiration were quantified, and, based on this, the relationship between water use and maize productivity was analyzed. Moreover, the optimal LAI was established to determine the reasonable irrigation level and coordinate the relationship between the increase in grain yield and the decrease in water use efficiency.

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