Experimental alternatives for evaluation of progenies and clones in eucalyptus breeding programs

The feasibility of using augmented block designs and spatial analysis methods for early stage selection in eucalyptus breeding programs was tested. A total of 113 half-sib progenies of Eucalyptus urophylla and eight clones were evaluated in an 11 x 11 triple lattice experiment at two locations: Posto da Mata (Bahia, Brazil) and São Mateus (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Four checks were randomly allocated within each block. Plots consisted of 15 m long rows containing 6 plants spaced 3 m apart. The girth at breast height (cm/plant) was evaluated at 19 and 26 months of age. Variance analyses were performed according to the following methods: lattice design, randomized complete block design, augmented block design, Papadakis method, moving means method, and check plots. Comparisons among different methods were based on the magnitude of experimental errors and precision of the estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters. General results indicated that augmented block design is useful to evaluate progenies and clones in early selection in eucalyptus breeding programs using moderate and low selection intensities. However, this design is not suitable for estimating genetic and phenotypic parameters due to its low precision. Check plots, nearest neighbour, Papadakis (1937), and moving means methods were efficient in removing the heterogeneity within blocks. These efficiencies were compared to that in lattice analysis for estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters.

Download Full-text

VARIAÇÃO LONGITUDINAL E EFEITO DO ESPAÇAMENTO NA MASSA ESPECÍFICA BÁSICA DA MADEIRA DE Mimosa scabrella E Ateleia glazioveana

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v43i2.29266 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 327 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elder Eloy ◽

Braulio Otomar Caron ◽

Rômulo Trevisan ◽

Denise Schmidt ◽

Magda Lea Bolzan Zanon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Basic Density ◽

Technological Characteristic ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

Breast Height ◽

Living Space ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Axial Variation ◽

Set Up

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variação longitudinal e o efeito do espaçamento de plantio na massa específica básica das árvores de Mimosa scabrella Benth e Ateleia glazioveana Baill, aos 36 meses de idade. Analisou-se um experimento instalado em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram definidos em função dos espaçamentos (2,0x1,0 m, 2,0x1,5 m, 3,0x1,0 m e 3,0x1,5 m). Foram avaliadas 72 árvores, sendo essas medidas e cubadas pelo método de Smalian. Em seguida, foram retirados discos nas posições do tronco: 0,10 m (base), 1,30 m do solo (DAP – Diâmetro a Altura do Peito), 25%, 50% e 75% da altura total da árvore, para determinação da massa específica básica. A massa específica básica em árvores de Mimosa scabrella apresentou um decréscimo até a região do DAP, seguido de acréscimo, sem tendência de estabilização com a altura. A Ateleia glazioveana apresentou uma tendência de decréscimo no sentido base-topo das árvores. Os espaçamentos influenciaram a variação da massa específica básica em árvores de Mimosa scabrella e Ateleia glazioveana, não sendo verificada uma variação sistemática positiva ou negativa em relação ao espaço vital proporcionado.Palavras-chave: Variação axial; característica tecnológica da madeira; qualidade da madeira; espaçamento de plantio. AbstractLongitudinal variation and effect of spacing on basic density wood of Mimosa scabrella and Ateleia glazioveana. This study aimed to evaluate the variation in length and effect of spacing of the basic density of Mimosa scabrella Benth e Ateleia glazioveana Baill, trees with 36 months of age. We analyzed an experiment set up in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were defined by the spacing (2.0x1.0 m, 2.0x1.5 m, 3.0x1.0 m, 3.0x1.5 m). 72 trees were evaluated, and these measures and scaled by the method of Smalian. Then, the disks were removed from the trunk positions: 0.10 m (base), 1.30 m (DAP - diameter at breast height), 25%, 50% and 75% of the total height of the tree, determining the basic density. The basic density in trees of Mimosa scabrella showed a decrease to the region of the DAP, followed by addition, without a tendency to stabilize with time. The Ateleia glazioveana showed a decreasing trend towards bottom-up tree. The spacing influenced the variation of basic density in trees of Mimosa scabrella e Ateleia glazioveana not been verified a systematic positive or negative trend in relation to the living space provided. Keywords: Axial variation; technological characteristic of wood; wood quality; planting space.

Download Full-text

Tolerance to preharvest sprouting and yield of wheat genotypes from different breeding programs

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2015000800008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (8) ◽

pp. 698-706

Author(s):

Rafael Nörnberg ◽

José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva ◽

Henrique de Souza Luche ◽

Elisane Weber Tessmann ◽

Sydney Antonio Frehner Kavalco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Preharvest Sprouting ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Falling Number ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Selection Of

Abstract:The objective of this work was to characterize the performance of elite wheat genotypes from different Brazilian breeding programs for traits associated with grain yield and preharvest sprouting. The study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 in the municipality of Capão do Leão, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Thirty-three wheat genotypes were evaluated for traits related to preharvest sprouting and grain yield. The estimate of genetic distance was used to predict potential combinations for selection of plants with high grain yield and tolerance to preharvest sprouting. The combined analysis of sprouted grains and falling number shows that the TBIO Alvorada, TBIO Mestre, Frontana, Fundacep Raízes, Fundacep Cristalino, and BRS Guamirim genotypes are tolerant to preharvest sprouting. Combinations of TBIO Alvorada and TBIO Mestre with Fundacep Cristalino show high potential for recovering superior genotypes for high grain yield and tolerance to preharvest sprouting.

Download Full-text

Silvicultural performance of forest species introduced in integrated livestock forest system in Lavras, MG, Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20161106 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erick Martins Nieri ◽

Renato Luiz Grisi Macedo ◽

Nelson Venturin ◽

Regis Pereira Venturin ◽

José Alvim Pinto Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Block Design ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

The Other ◽

Forest Species ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

African Mahogany ◽

Breast Height ◽

Red Cedar ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the silvicultural performance of four forest species introduced in a setting for integrated livestock forest (ILF) in a pasture in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The species included were the Australian red cedar (seminal and clonal), African mahogany, teak, and guanandi. A split plot scheme with a randomized complete block design comprising four replicates and 48 plants per plot, was used in the following arrangement: (3(3x2) +7x2) m. The evaluation times (12, 18, 31, 36, and 43 months after planting) corresponded to the subplots. Performances of all four species were evaluated on the basis of their survival rate, height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH). Based on the performance of the species with regard to these parameters, the clonal Australian red cedar showed a greater growth in DBH and height in the ILF setting as compared to the other species, which indicates it to be a suitable species for the region of Lavras, MG as long as its survival control occurs in the implantation phase.

Download Full-text

Karakter Seleksi Fase Vegetatif Jagung terhadap Hasil pada Cekaman Genangan Air

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v47i2.24356 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 134-140

Author(s):

Uswah Trywulan Syah ◽

Willy Bayuardi Suwarno ◽

Dan Muhammad Azrai

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Root Weight ◽

Early Screening ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Maize Production ◽

Waterlogging Stress ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Experimental Station ◽

Maize Genotypes

Maize is an important crop in Indonesia that is utilized for food, feed, and industry. Waterlogging is one of the abioticstresses challenging maize production in recent years due to climate changes. Vegetative-phase screening methods may benefitplant breeding programs because potential genotypes can be identified at earlier stage with lower cost. This study consistedof two experiments. The first experiment was carried out at the Sawah Baru experimental station of Bogor AgriculturalUniversity (IPB), Bogor, from June to September 2017 using an alpha lattice design with three replications and four blockswithin each replication. The second experiment conducted in a greenhouse at Cikabayan experimental station of IPB, Bogor,from December 2017 to January 2018 using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Genetic materialused were 21 maize genotypes from the Indonesia Cereal Research Institute (ICERI) and IPB, including 19 hybrids and 2inbred lines. The results showed that the dry root weight under normal conditions had significant positive correlation withgrain yield under waterlogging stress, and therefore is potential for early screening. Adaptive genotypes in waterloggingstress selected based on dry root weight are DKLx30, DKLx11, MGoldx37, MGOldx41, and IPB L15-1xMR14. Predictedmean yield across these genotypes was 0.57 ton ha-1 higher yield than the overall mean in waterlogging stress condition.Selected hybrids can be further evaluated for variety release.

Download Full-text

Necessity of the inclusion of borders in value of cultivation and use trials in upland rice

Revista Agrogeoambiental ◽

10.18406/2316-1817v11n320191318 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Marcelo Eduardo Forni De Mattos ◽

Flávia Barbosa Silva Botelho ◽

Gabriel Mendes Vilella ◽

Douglas Goulart Castro ◽

Bruno Manoel Rezende Melo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

Empirical Knowledge ◽

Experimental Accuracy ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Plot Size ◽

Methods Of Evaluation ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Crop Research

Experimental accuracy in crop research is directly affected by the size of plots. For this reason, researchers use empirical knowledge to determine plot size. There are also other important aspects for determining ideal plot size. These include the type of crop and the use, or not, of borders. The objective of this research was to verify the necessity of including border material in the value of cultivation and use trials in breeding programs of upland rice and to evaluate the experimental accuracy with and without the inclusion of borders. The research was conducted in an experimental area at the Federal University of Lavras, located in the State of Minas Gerais, during three harvests (2014/2015, 2015/2016, 2016/2017). Thirteen upland rice strains and methods of evaluation (useful area and border) were evaluated. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used to evaluate grain yield. Individual analyses of variance were performed considering the useful areas and the borders for the three agricultural years. A joint analysis was also performed with the use of a subdivided plot involving the location of the harvest in terms of the useful area and border among the rice strains. It was concluded it is necessary to use borders in the value of cultivation and use trials in breeding programs of upland rice as it contributes to the performance and experimental accuracy of research results.

Download Full-text

GENETIC VARIABILITY IN PROGENIES OF Eucalyptus grandis AND Eucalyptus urophylla FOR TOLERANCE TO HYDRIC DEFICIT

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v48i4.56213 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 543 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mateus Chagas ◽

Leandro Siqueira ◽

Shinitiro Oda ◽

Raimundo Medeiros ◽

Evandro Vagner Tambarussi

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Block Design ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Forest Expansion ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Genetic Gains ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Genotypic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽

Coefficient Of Genetic Variation

Genetic variability in progenies of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla for tolerance to hydric deficit. Information on the adaptation and genetic potential of Eucalyptus under water deficit conditions is necessary owing to the increasing cultivation of the genus in regions considered as "forest frontiers". Therefore, the present study aimed to estimate genetic variability, genotypic and phenotypic correlations, and estimated genetic gains in progenies of E. grandis and E. urophylla. Two progeny tests (TP1 and TP2) were performed in the municipality of Vila Nova dos Martirios (state of Maranhão, Brazil), in 30-month-old plants. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design, with five replicates, nine plants/square plot, and 144 treatments in TP1 and 264 in TP2. Statistical analysis was performed and genetic parameters were estimated. Individual and within-progeny heritabilities were corrected using the kinship coefficient for eachspecies. Genetic gains were low, ranging from 0.96 to 6.39% for E. grandis and 1.62 to 5.48% for E. urophylla. The diameter at breast height (DBH) showed a higher coefficient of genetic variation compared with the other measured characteristics, suggesting a higher potential for selection. High, positive, and significant correlations were observed between DBH and height (H), indicating the possibility of obtaining gains based on a single characteristic. Heritability was considered low, thus directly influencing the selection gains, which were lower than those commonly reported in other studies. These findings provide important information for breeding programs in areas of forest expansion.

Download Full-text

Nature and magnitude of genetic variability and diversity analysis of Indian turmeric accessions using agro-morphological descriptors

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2015-0228 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 371-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vijay Bahadur ◽

Vijay Yeshudas ◽

Om Prakash Meena

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Positive Association ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Cluster Distance ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Positive Direct

Turmeric, a vegetatively propagated crop, may have restricted variability from which to breed new cultivars. Understanding the genetic variability of a species is crucial for the progress of a genetic breeding program and requires characterization and evaluation of accessions. The objectives of this study were to determine extent of variability, relationships between different agro-morphological traits, and diversity among 25 different accessions of turmeric. The present experiment was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India during 2008–2009 and 2009–2010. Accessions were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant mean square of accessions for all the traits studied indicates the existence of sufficient genetic variability among the studied accessions. The rhizome yield exhibited highly significant and positive association with plant height, number of leaves plant−1, number of tillers plant−1, weight of rhizomes plant−1, length of primary rhizome, and dry matter recovery. The highest positive direct effect on rhizome yield was exerted by plant height. Multivariate analysis techniques allowed an effective study of genetic divergence and the grouping of the 25 accessions into six clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and IV, accessions from these clusters can be used as potential parents for future breeding programs.

Download Full-text

Methods of adaptability and stability applied to eucalyptus breeding

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000100006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 53-62

Author(s):

Osmarino Pires dos Santos ◽

Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽

Maicon Nardino ◽

Tiago Olivoto ◽

Alan Junior de Pelegrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Genetic Breeding ◽

Breast Height ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Productive Potential ◽

The Mean ◽

Highly Correlated

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the consistency of the methods of Annicchiarico, Lin & Binns, Wricke, and factor analysis in identifying eucalyptus clones with stability, adaptability, and high productive potential. Eight-four clones, with three years of age, from the genetic breeding program of the company CMPC Celulose Riograndense were used. Three field experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design, in an 84x3 factorial arragement, with 20 replicates of one plant per plot. The clones were evaluated as to diameter at breast height, plant height, and volume of wood. The methods of Annicchiarico and Lin & Binns are highly correlated with each other, and their use together with the method of Wricke is a sound strategy for the evaluation of eucalyptus clones. The factor analysis identified broadly adaptable clones, and some of them were the same ones identified by the methods of Annicchiarico and Lin & Binns. The use of the mean classification of the clones, along with the factor analysis, is efficient to identify the most adapted, stable, and productive ones among a high number of genotypes.

Download Full-text

Vegetative propagation of Plukenetia polyadenia by cuttings: effects of leaf area and indole-3-butyric acid concentration

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.20415 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 580-584 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Solis ◽

M. Pezo ◽

G. Diaz ◽

L. Arévalo ◽

D. Cachique

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Root Formation ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Block Design ◽

Native People ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Rooting Of Cuttings

Abstract The seeds of Plukenetia polyadenia have high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and are used as medicine and food for native people in the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon. The objective of this study was to develop a method for vegetative propagation of Plukenetia polyadenia by rooting of cuttings. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications of 8 cuttings, in a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement. The factors were: 3 levels of leaf area (25, 50 and 75%) and 3 indole-3-butyric acid - IBA concentrations (9.84, 19.68 and 29.52mM) and a control without IBA. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Our results show that the use of cuttings with 50% of leaf area and treatment with 29.52mM of IBA induced high percentages of rooting (93%) and the best root formation. Vegetative propagation of Plukenetia polyadenia by cuttings will be used as a tool to conserve and propagate germplasm in breeding programs.

Download Full-text

Stability analysis of bread wheat landraces and lines using biometrical genetic models

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1802449b ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 449-464

Author(s):

Fatemeh Bavandpori ◽

Jafar Ahmadi ◽

Sayyed Hossaini

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Block Design ◽

Gge Biplot ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Biplot Analysis ◽

Genotype Effect ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Main Effect ◽

Ammi Analysis ◽

Ammi Model

In order to evaluate yield stability of twenty genotypes of bread wheat, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications under irrigated and rainfed conditions in Razi University of Kermanshah for three years (2011-2013). Combined analysis of variance showed highly significant differences for the GEI. Stability determined by AMMI analysis indicated that the first two AMMI model (AMMI1-AMMI2) were highly significant (P<0.01). The GEI was three times higher than that of the genotype effect. The results of Biplot AMMI2 showed that, genotypes WC-47359, WC-47472, WC-4611, WC-47388 and WC-47403 had general adaptability. Based on the ASV and GSI, the genotypes number WC-47403 and WC-47472 revealed the highest stability. GGE biplot analysis of yield displaying main effect G and GEI justified 57.5 percent of the total variation. The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) were used to create a 2-dimensional GGE biplot and explained 34.3, 23.2 of GGE sum of squares (SS), respectively. Genotypes WC-47403, PISHGAM2 exhibited the highest mean yield and stability. Based on the results obtained the best genotypes were WC-47403, PISHGAM2, WC-4968, WC-47472 and WC-47528 for breeding programs.

Download Full-text