scholarly journals Yield and quality of elephant grass biomass produced in the cerrados region for bioenergy

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rilner A. Flores ◽  
Segundo Urquiaga ◽  
Bruno J. R. Alves ◽  
Leonardo S. Collier ◽  
Robert M. Boddey
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yield And Quality

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two genotypes of elephant grass, fertilized with and without N, for biomass production for energy use under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Cerrado. The genotypes Roxo and Paraíso, grown in a field experiment in a Latosol in the Cerrado region were evaluated for biomass yield, nitrogen accumulation, C:N and stem:leaf ratios, fibre, ash and P and K contents and calorific value. The accumulated dry biomass ranged from 30 to 42 Mg ha-1 and showed no response to nitrogen fertilization with the lowest biomass obtained by the genotype Paraíso and the highest by Roxo. The total N accumulation followed the same pattern as for dry matter, ranging from 347 to 539 kg N ha-1. C:N and stem:leaf ratio of the biomass produced did not vary with treatments. The fibre contents were higher in genotype Paraíso and the highest levels of ash in the genotype Roxo. The K content in the biomass was higher in genotype Roxo and P did not vary between genotypes. The calorific value averaged 18 MJ kg-1 of dry matter and did not vary with the levels of N in leaves and stems of the plant. Both genotypes, independent of N fertilization, produced over 30 Mg ha-1 of biomass under Cerrado conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen of vegetables. 1. Brussels sprouts

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-433
Author(s):  
H. Biemond ◽  
J. Vos ◽  
P.C. Struik
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Final Harvest

Three greenhouse trials and one field trial were carried out on Brussels sprout cv. Icarus SG2004 in which the treatments consisted of different N amounts and application dates. DM and N accumulation in stems, apical buds and groups of leaf blades, petioles and sprouts were measured frequently throughout crop growth. Total amounts of accumulated DM and N were affected by amount of N applied and date of application, but the final harvest indexes for DM and N (0.10-0.35 and 0.20-0.55, respectively) were not significantly affected by treatments in most experiments. Nitrate N concentrations were only high (up to about 2%) shortly after planting. The total N concentration of leaf blades and petioles increased with increasing leaf number. This increase resulted from a decreasing N concentration during the leaf's life. The total N concentration in sprouts changed little with leaf number.

Effects of Azospirillum inoculation on root infection and nitrogen incorporation in wheat

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 924-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera L. D. Baldani ◽  
José Ivo Baldani ◽  
Johanna Döbereiner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Chloramine T ◽  
Heading Stage

In two field experiments, wheat was inoculated with various strains of Azospirillum spp. The two A. brasilense nir− strains isolated from surface-sterilized wheat roots increased the number of Azospirillum in surface-sterilized roots, plant dry matter, and percent N. The total N accumulated in plant tops at heading stage was increased by 30% in the first experiment (strain Sp 107 st) and by 51 and 89% (strains Sp 107 st and Sp 245, respectively) in the second experiment. The Azospirillum numbers (MPN) in chloramine-t treated roots were correlated with total nitrogen accumulation in plant tops (r = 0.92**). Numbers of Azospirillum in nonsterilized roots did not correlate with total plant N accumulation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Miscanthus grown for energy use

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Z. Strašil
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Average Biomass ◽  
Biomass Yields

In the years 2003–2012 the effects of nitrogen fertilization and term of harvest on the dry matter yield and biomass quality of Miscanthus × giganteus were examined. The harvest was carried out each year in the autumn and in the spring following year. No significant differences in yields between the sites were observed but the effect of weather conditions in individual years dominated. The nitrogen fertilization increased average biomass yields at the site Prague-Ruzyně by about 14% at the dose of 100 kg/ha and at the site Lukavec by about 11% at the dose of 150 kg/ha in comparison without N fertilization. Average yields of dry matter at Prague-Ruzyně 19.60 t/ha and at Lukavec 18.24 t/ha were achieved at the autumn term of harvest. The loss of biomass over the winter period was 24.3% at Prague-Ruzyně and 24.0% at Lukavec. In the spring term of harvest lower contents of all monitored elements were detected in the biomass of Miscanthus compared to the autumn term of harvest.

scholarly journals Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and use in spring barley

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Przulj ◽  
V. Momčilović
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Growing Conditions

During growth, kernel of cereals can be provided with carbohydrate and nitrogen (N) from the translocation of pre-anthesis accumulated reserves stored either in the vegetative plant parts or from current assimilation during kernel development. This study was conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen level and cultivars on dry matter and N accumulation and mobilization during pre-anthesis and post-anthesis. Twenty two-rowed spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were grown on a non-calcareous chernozem soil in four growing seasons (1995–1998) atNovi Sad (45°20'N, 15°51'E,86 m a.s.l.) at two nitrogen levels. Dry matter accumulation before anthesis ranged from less than 50% in unfavorable to 90% in favorable growing conditions. Dry matter translocation occurred in favorable growing conditions only. Pre-anthesis accumulated N represented 57–92% and 54–129% of total N at maturity at the low and high N levels, respectively. Translocated N represented 41–85% and 37–153% of grain N at the low and high N level, respectively. N losses occurred in favorable growing conditions when anthesis N exceeded 150 kg/ha. N accumulation during grain filling was in negative correlation with dry matter and N accumulation before anthesis. The N harvest index was 0.57–0.63 and 0.71–0.74 in unfavorable and favorable growing conditions, respectively. Selection of genotypes with a higher ability of pre-anthesis reserve utilization or genotypes with longer leaf area duration after anthesis may be two possible solutions in spring barley breeding for Mediterranean growing conditions.

scholarly journals Fertilization of Two Container-grown Woody Ornamentals Based on Their Specific Nitrogen Accumulation Patterns

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Sandrock ◽  
Anita N. Azarenko ◽  
Timothy L. Righetti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Sliding Scale

Nitrogen accumulation patterns were established for Weigela florida (Bunge.) A. DC. `Red Prince' (fast growth rate) and Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. `Compactus' (slow growth rate). From these, daily and biweekly N delivery schedules were designed to match N supply with N accumulation patterns of each taxon. Delivery schedules were sliding scales in that total N applied was controlled by independent increases (or decreases) of N concentration and solution volume. Daily and biweekly N delivery schedules were tested against a constant N rate (200 mg·L-1) and Osmocote 18N-2.6P-9.9K (The Scotts Co., Marysville, Ohio). Plants were grown in 3.8-L containers in 7 douglas fir bark: 2 sphagnum peatmoss: 1 silica sand (0.65 mm; by volume) outdoors in full sun on a gravel pad for 142 d. Within each taxon, Weigela and Euonymus grown with sliding-scale N fertilization schedules had similar total dry weights, leaf areas, and total plant N contents to plants grown with a constant N rate (200 mg·L-1) or Osmocote 18N-2.6P-9.9K. Sliding-scale liquid fertilization based on plant N requirements introduced less total N to the production cycle and resulted in higher N uptake efficiency than fertilization with a constant N rate of 200 mg·L-1. In general, liquid N fertilizer treatments resulted in plants with higher shoot to root ratios than plants treated with Osmocote 18N-2.6P-9.9K. Weigela and Euonymus treated with biweekly schedules were similar to plants treated with daily schedules (same total amount of N delivered with each treatment).

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN RATES AND HARVEST SCHEDULES ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF WESTERWOLDS RYEGRASS GROWN AS A SUMMER ANNUAL

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Westerwolds ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. ’Promenade’) was grown on fine sandy and light loam soils. Nitrogen was applied at 40, 80, or 120 kg/ha after emergence and after both the first and second harvests. The 1st harvest under schedules A, B and C was on 10, 15 and 22 July followed by the 2nd harvest in 28, 37 and 40 days and the 3rd harvest in 30, 50 and 37 days after the 2nd harvest, respectively. The 4th harvest for schedule A was 46 days after the 3rd harvest. Mean dry matter yields ranged from 6.26 to 9.03 t/ha, total N in tissue from 2.09 to 2.99%, in vitro digestibility of dry matter from 73.3 to 76.3%, and dry matter content from 12.1 to 14.1% depending on the N rate and/or harvest schedule. Nitrate-N concentration in plant tissue was low for 40 and 80 kg/N/ha/application but reached up to 0.45% for the 120 kg/ha/application under harvest schedule A. Yield distribution within the season was most uniform for schedule B. A 3-harvest schedule with 80 kg/ha of applied N at seeding and after the 1st and 2nd harvests was suitable management for Promenade Westerwolds ryegrass in this region.

Harvest time and N fertilization effects on forage yield and quality of quackgrass (Elytrigia repens L.) in northeastern Saskatchewan

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
A. Foster ◽  
K. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Elytrigia Repens

Quackgrass [Elytrigia repens (L.) Beauv.] is a primary noxious weed, but some cattle producers are discovering its value as forage for early-season grazing and for winter feeding as hay. Little information is available on how its production and quality change with advancing maturity and on its response to improved management in the Parkland zone of the Canadian prairies. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of harvest date and N fertilizer (surface-broadcast ammonium nitrate at 0, 56, 112 and 168 kg N ha-1) on the forage yield and quality of quackgrass. The study was done on a 10-yr-old quackgrass (˜ 90%) dominated stand on a silty clay loam (Dark Gray Luvisol) soil near Tisdale in northeastern Saskatchewan. For the harvest dates between early June and early September, maximum dry matter yield (DMY) was in August and maximum protein yield (PY) occurred in July. A delay in harvest reduced protein concentration (PC) and total digestible nutrients concentration (TDN), while it increased acid detergent fiber concentration (ADF). The DMY, PC and PY increased with increasing N rate for both Cut 1 (in early July) and Cut 2 (in late September). Strong quadratic relationships were observed between DMY and N rate. The effect of N application was relatively greater on PY than DMY due to the cumulative effect of increases in DMY and PC, and was greater in Cut 1 than in Cut 2. With the increase in N rate, TDN showed a trend of small increase, while ADF tended to decrease. In summary, the results show that N fertilization increases both forage yield and quality of quackgrass. Harvesting in late July or August is likely to provide maximum DMY when one harvest per season is taken. Key words: Acid detergent fiber, dry matter, forage, harvest date, hay, N fertilization, protein, quackgrass, total digestible nutrients

scholarly journals Enhancing Grain Yield and Nitrogen Accumulation in Wheat Plants Grown under a Mediterranean Arid Environment by Foliar Spray with Papain-Released Whey Peptides

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1913
Author(s):  
AbdAllah M. El-Sanatawy ◽  
Salwa M. A. I. Ash-Shormillesy ◽  
Ahmed Abou El-Yazied ◽  
Hany G. Abd El-Gawad ◽  
Ehab Azab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yield Attributes

Due to their beneficial, stimulating impact on plant growth, productivity, and alleviating environmental stresses, protein hydrolysates have recently received increasing attention as a possible substitute. This investigation aimed to explore the effects of foliar application of papain-produced whey protein hydrolysates (WPH) on the yield attributes and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of soft wheat. Wheat plants were cultivated under a Mediterranean arid environment and received four soil nitrogen (N) fertilization levels with ammonium nitrate (145, 185, 215, and 250 kg N ha−1) and compared to control treatment and urea foliar application. WPH increased grain yield, yield attributes, and N accumulation in wheat plants. Partial productivity factors of applied nitrogen, as NUE indicators under relatively steady-state cropping systems, were also enhanced by WPH compared to control treatment. WPH significantly improved flag leaf area, spike number m−2, and grain yield compared to urea foliar application. Increasing the soil N fertilization level from 145 up to 215 kg N ha−1 was accompanied by significant increases in all yield traits and N accumulation measurements, except for the partial factor productivity of applied N, which decreased. A strong positive association was detected among grain and straw yields, their attributes, and total N uptake. Results highlighted the efficacy of WPH in increasing wheat yield and NUE.

scholarly journals Foliar Urea with N-(n-butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide for Sustainable Yield and Quality of Pineapple in a Controlled Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6880
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amdadul Haque ◽  
Siti Zaharah Sakimin ◽  
Phebe Ding ◽  
Noraini Md. Jaafar ◽  
Mohd Khanif Yusop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Yield And Quality

In agricultural production, nitrogen loss leads to economic loss and is a high environmental risk affecting plant growth, yield, and quality. Use of the N fertilizer with a urease inhibitor is thus necessary to minimize N losses and increase the efficiency of N. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of N-(n-butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT) on the growth, yield, and quality of pineapple. The experiment involved two foliar fertilizer treatments: 1% (w/v) urea solution with NBPT (2.25 mL kg−1 urea) was treated as NLU (NBPT Liquid Urea), and the same concentration of urea without NBPT served as the control. Both were applied 12 times, starting 1 month after planting (MAP) and continuing once a month for 12 months. The application of urea with NBPT notably increased the above-ground dry biomass per plant (20% and 10% at 8 and 12 MAP, respectively), leaf area per plant (23% and 15% at 8 and 12 MAP, respectively), N accumulation per plant (10%), PFPN (Partial Factor Productivity) (13%), and average fruit weight (15%) compared to the treatment with urea alone (control). The analysis of quality parameters indicated that urea with NBPT improves TSS (Total Soluble Solids) (19%), ascorbic acid (10%), and sucrose (14%) but reduces the total organic acid content (21%) in pineapple. When using urea with a urease inhibitor (NBPT), there was a significant improvement in growth, yield, quality, and nitrogen use efficiency, with the additional benefit of reduced nitrogen losses, in combination with easy handling. Hence, urea with a urease inhibitor can be used as a viable alternative for increasing pineapple yield by boosting growth with better fruit quality.

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