Intake and digestibility in sheep fed on marandu grass silages added with dehydrated barley

ABSTRACT: The objective was to evaluate the intake and the apparent digestibility in sheep fed on marandu grass silages added with dehydrated barley. Twenty crossbred Santa Inês lambs were used, with a mean initial weight of 30±4.5 kg and mean age of 14±2 months. The experimental sheep were distributed into a completely randomized design and lining, with five treatments and four repetitions, with treatments levels of inclusion of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% natural matter of naturally dehydrated brewery residue for 36 hours to the marandu grass silage to feed the sheep. The evaluation period lasted 21 days, 15 for adaptation to the diets and 7 days for data collection. The data was submitted to analysis of variance, and when significant (P<0.05) the treatment means were analysed by regression. The inclusion of dehydrated barley to silage showed a linear increase in water intake (P<0.05), increased by 0.02% per unit of dehydrated barley. A quadratic effect was observed for the levels of dehydrated barley on the dry matter intake (DM), estimating a maximum consumption of 2.86% DM for silages containing 17.8% dehydrated barley. The crude protein intake (CP) behaved quadratically, with the maximum value estimated of 0.29% CP at a level of 22.5% dehydrated barley. Ether extract (EE) intake also exhibited quadratic behaviour (P<0.05), with the maximum value estimated of 0.2% EE at a level of 28.25% dehydrated barley. The regression study showed quadratic behaviour; with the maximum estimated value of neutral detergent fibre was 2.33% at a level of 34.58% dehydrated barley. No statistical significance was found for the intake of acid detergent fibre or organic matter (P>0.05). It was concluded that the addition of levels of 20 to 30% of dehydrated barley to silage resulted in a positive response for the dry matter intake, crude protein, Ether extract and neutral detergent fibre.

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Consumption and ingestive behaviour of lambs fed varying levels of babassu mesocarp bran

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5supl1p2335 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 2335-2348

Author(s):

Carolina Moreira Araújo ◽

Karla Alves Oliveira ◽

Gilberto de Lima Macedo Junior ◽

Jhone Tallison Lira de Sousa ◽

Luciano Fernandes Sousa

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Fibre Intake ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Penn State ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Particle Separator ◽

Ingestive Behaviour

Voluntary consumption (VolC) and ingestive behaviour (IB) of lambs fed diets containing different percentages (0.0; 7.5; 15.0 and 22.5%) of babassu mesocarp bran (I-BMB) were evaluated. The trial was at the Federal University of Tocantins, Campus de Araguaína-TO. Twenty lambs were evaluated using a completely randomized design, and five replications were performed. VolC data was obtained by measuring total volumes of both food supplied and food remaining after feeding. IB was evaluated throughout two, non-consecutive 24-h periods, with observations were recorded every five minutes that described the following behavioural variables: resting (REST), rumination (RUM), intake (INT) and chewing (CHEW). The particle size was also measured using a Penn State particle separator. All VolC parameters (dry matter intake, DMI; crude protein intake, CPI; neutral detergent fibre intake, NDFI; and acid detergent fibre intake, ADFI) increased linearly with I-BMB intake. I-BMB consumption did not interfere with water intake, nor did it affect I-BMB did not affect the duration of DMI, NDFI and ADFI. However, linear increases of rumination and chewing activities associated with DMI, NDFI and ADFI were observed as I-BMB levels increased. In summary, effects of inclusion I-BMB in diets of lambs included increased voluntary consumption, and reduced rumination and chewing, but not ingestion, efficiency. When economically favorable, these data suggest that inclusion of up to 22.5% I-BMB within balanced diets should be applied.

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Using highly nutritious pastures to mitigate enteric methane emissions from cattle grazing systems in South America

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an16803 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (12) ◽

pp. 2329 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Y. Dini ◽

J. I. Gere ◽

C. Cajarville ◽

Verónica S. Ciganda

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Ether Extract ◽

High Quality ◽

Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽

Ch4 Emissions ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Enteric Methane

Enteric methane (CH4) emissions are directly related to the quantity and type of feed intake. Existing mitigation strategies, for example, the addition of legumes to grass-based diets and increased use of grains, have been thoroughly researched and applied in different production systems. In this paper, we propose a need to expand the capacity to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions in cattle under grazing conditions. The objective of this paper was to contribute to evaluate a mitigation strategy under grazing conditions of using contrasting levels of pasture quality. The study was performed with 20 heifers twice during the year: winter and spring. Each season, the study employed a crossover design with two treatments and two 5-day measurement periods. The treatments were two pastures with different nutritional values, including a pasture with a low quality (70% of neutral detergent fibre, 1% of ether extract, 8% of non-fibre carbohydrates), 9% of crude protein, 35% of dry matter digestibility and a pasture with a high quality (42% neutral detergent fibre, 1.3% ether extract, 24% non-fibre carbohydrates, 21% crude protein and 63% dry matter digestibility). Enteric CH4 emissions were measured with sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique. The dry matter intake (kg/day) was measured indirectly using titanium dioxide as an external marker. CH4 emissions from animals grazing the high-quality pasture were 14% lower expressed as % of gross energy intake, and 11% lower expressed by unit of dry matter intake (g CH4/kg). These results quantitative showed the alternative to mitigate CH4 emissions from grazing bovines exclusively through the improvement of the forage quality offered.

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Dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in growing Red sokoto bucks fed Sorghum bicolor hay supplemented with concentrate

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v44i3.679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 332-341

Author(s):

B. M. Munza ◽

M. R. Hassan ◽

R. J. Tanko ◽

S. M. Otaru ◽

D. J. U. Kalla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre

During the dry season, forages are low in quantity and quality; hence lacks the essential nutrients that are prerequisite for growth in ruminants, suggesting a supplemental feeding. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in growing Red Sokoto bucks fed Sorghum bicolor hay supplemented with concentrate. Eight growing Red Sokoto bucks with average body weight of 15±1.0 kg were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments containing S. bicolor hay/concentrate mixture (100:0 and 60:40). The bucks were individually fed at 3.5% body weight daily for a period of 21 days in a completely randomised design with four replicates per treatment. The parameters measured were dry matter intake, water intake, amount of faeces voided, volume of urine and costs of feeding. Total dry matter intake (424.64g/day) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 60:40 dietary treatment than 100:0 treatment (353.57g/day). The digestibility coefficients of crude fibre (92.34 %), acid detergent fibre (71.46 %) and neutral detergent fibre (69.77 %) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Red Sokoto bucks fed Sorghum bicolor hay:concentrate ratio of 100:0 compared to bucks fed 60:40 diet with crude fibre (87.25 %), acid detergent fibre (59.67 %) and neutral detergent fibre (60.08 %) digestibility coefficient values. However, crude protein (78.49 %) and ash (70.04 %) digestibility coefficients in bucks fed 60:40 diet were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those fed 100:0 diet with 38.14 % crude protein and 21.45 % ash digestibility coefficients. There was an increasing trend (p<0.05) in all parameters measured when concentrate was supplemented. The nitrogen retained (7.55 g/day), nitrogen retained as % intake (68.76 %) and nitrogen absorbed as % intake (78.46 %) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Red Sokoto bucks fed 60:40 diets when compared with that of 100:0 diet which recorded 0.69 g/day nitrogen retained, 23.87 % nitrogen retained as % intake and 38.15 % as nitrogen absorbed as % intake, respectively. Total costs per kg of feed (N78.13K) and costs of feeding per buck (N696.72K) were significantly (p<0.05) higher for 60:40 diet than 100:0 diet with N45.83K total costs per kg feed and N340.29K costs of feeding per buck. It is therefore, concluded that concentrate supplementation on Sorghum bicolor hay enhances its utilisation by growing Red Sokoto bucks in terms of increased dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria.

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Composition of Preferred and Rejected Eucalyptus Browse Offered to Captive Koalas, Phascolarctos Cinereus (Marsupialia).

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo9810839 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 839 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

DE Ullrey ◽

PT Robinson ◽

PA Whetter

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽

Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Calcium Iron

Browse representing 1.5 m of terminal growth from 11 species of Eucalyptus shoots or mature tree limbs was divided into portions which were either consumed or rejected by captive koalas. The following nutrient concentrations (dry basis) were found in preferred browse: crude protein, 5.9-17.8%; ether extract, 5.5-19.2%; neutral detergent fibre, 16.8-37.5%; ash, 3.2-5.6%; remaining proximate fraction [(dry matter) - (crude protein + ether extract + neutral detergent fibre + ash)], 31.7-64.8%; calcium, 0.28-1.95%; phosphorus, 0.08-0.42%; sodium, 0.03-1.29%; potassium, 0.30-2.06%; magnesium, 0.12-0.44%; iron, 67-274 ppm; copper, 2.1-15.8 ppm; zinc, 17-54 ppm; and selenium, 0.03-0.42 ppm. Preferred browse, as compared to rejected browse, had significantly higher concentrations of crude protein, remaining proximate fraction, phosphorus and potassium, and significantly lower concentrations of ether extract, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, permanganate lignin, gross energy, calcium, iron and selenium.

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Dry matter intake, nutrient selection and milk production of dairy cows grazing rainfed perennial pastures at different herbage allowances in spring

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea99022 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 923 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

P. J. Moate ◽

D. E. Dalley ◽

J. R. Roche ◽

C. Grainger

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Herbage Intake ◽

Selection Differentials

Summary. The effect of herbage allowance (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg DM/cow. day) on the consumption of nutrients from herbage and milk production by cows in early lactation, was examined. The experiment was conducted on rainfed perennial ryegrass pastures in September and October 1997 in south-eastern Victoria, Australia. The herbage on offer comprised 64% perennial ryegrass, 21% other grasses, 1% white clover, 5% weeds and 9% dead material on a dry matter (DM) basis. The average pregrazing herbage height was 13 cm, at an estimated pregrazing herbage mass of 3.6 t DM/ha. The herbage on offer was of high quality containing 11.6 MJ metabolisable energy/kg DM, 202 g crude protein/kg DM and 525 g neutral detergent fibre/kg DM. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur and chloride were 4.4, 2.2, 4.4, 31.2, 3.5, 2.7 and 11.4 g/kg DM, respectively. As daily herbage allowance per cow increased, dry matter intake increased curvilinearly (P<0.01) from 11.2 to 18.7 kg DM/cow. day. This was associated with a decrease in utilisation of herbage from 54 to 26% and an increase in milk production from 25.9 to 29.1 kg/cow. day. The cows on all treatments grazed for less than 8.7 h/day. The increase in intake was achieved by an increase in the rate of herbage intake from 1.5 to 2.2 kg DM/h for herbage allowances of 20 and 70 kg/cow.day, respectively. Irrespective of herbage allowance, cows selected a diet that was approximately 10% higher in in vitro dry matter digestibility and 30% higher in crude protein than that in the herbage on offer. The neutral detergent fibre content of the herbage selected was lower (P<0.05) than that on offer. The herbage consumed contained more (P<0.05) magnesium, potassium and sulfur, the same amount of calcium and phosphorus and less (P<0.05) sodium and chloride than the herbage on offer. For rainfed perennial pastures in spring, herbage allowance is an important factor in determining voluntary feed intake and production of dairy cows. To achieve 30 L from herbage, without supplementation, high herbage allowances are required. The increase in herbage intake, with increasing herbage allowance, resulted from an increase in rate of dry matter intake and not an increase in grazing time. No relationship was evident between herbage allowance and the selection differentials for in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre. Selection differentials for rainfed perennial pastures in spring are similar to those reported for irrigated perennial pastures in northern Victoria in spring and autumn. When determining nutrient requirements it is important to consider the interaction between herbage intake and nutrient concentration in the herbage.

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Mineral supplementation of dairy heifers in Marandu-Grass pasture in spring and summer seasons

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-9940210432020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Augusto de Almeida Targino ALCOFORADO ◽

Aianne Batista LIRA ◽

Carla Giselly de SOUZA ◽

Edson Mauro dos SANTOS ◽

Safira Valença BISPO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Dairy Heifers ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Mineral Supplementation ◽

Tropical Grasslands ◽

The Difference

ABSTRACT Here in this study we assessed dairy heifers kept in tropical grasslands during spring and summer seasons to observe the effects of two supplementation strategies upon their performance. Sixteen dairy heifers (Holstein 5/8 x Gyr 3/4) with 135.25 kg of body mass were randomly assigned in two supplementation treatments (e.g., mineral salt and protein salt supplement) during spring and summer seasons, divided into two groups of eight animals that represented 4.29 animal unit ha. Initial and final fasted weights (i.e., feed and water withheld for 16h) were obtained before to start and at the end of each grazing cycle (28 days), and then the weight gain (kg animal-1) per grazing cycle was calculated by the difference between final and initial weights. There was no significant effect (P <0.05) on the intake of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and dry matter digestibility, between treatments (P <0.05). However, there was a significant effect (P <0.05) between seasons; e.g., respective means of dry matter intake (kg day-1,% BW g / kg 0.75), intake of crude protein (g day-1 g / kg 0.75), ether extract (g day-1), neutral detergent fiber (g day-1 and% BW) were 3.95 and 2.88 kg, 2.54 and 1.65%, 89.27 and 59.56 g kg0.75, 429.89 and 298.43 g day-1, 9.72 and 6.18 g kg0.75, 118.79 and 84.07 g day-1, 2.90 and 2.05 kg day-1, 1.86 and 1.18%, for Spring and Summer seasons. Moreover, the dry matter intake (% BW and g kg 0.75 of DM) were higher (P < 0.05) during the spring season (e.g., 2.53 vs 1.64 % BW; and 89.26 vs 59.56 g kg0.75 DM).

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Evaluation of internal and external markers to estimate faecal output and feed intake in sheep fed fresh forage

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an16567 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 741 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. C. Mioto da Costa ◽

L. C. V. Ítavo ◽

C. C. B. Ferreira Ítavo ◽

A. M. Dias ◽

H. V. Petit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Total Output ◽

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Once Daily ◽

Faecal Output ◽

Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Internal Markers

The objectives of the present study were to estimate dry-matter intake and output of faeces using two external and four internal markers in sheep fed Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu on an ad libitum basis over 3- and 5-day periods. Six sheep fitted with ruminal cannulas were randomly assigned in a crossover design experiment to receive either of two treatments of external markers, namely titanium dioxide (TiO2) and chromic oxide (Cr2O3). Faecal output was obtained by total faecal collection and faecal grab sampling. Faeces were collected for 3- or 5-day periods, and, for each collection period, two sampling methods were compared; grab samples were collected directly in the rectum once daily, and a second sample was taken at the same time directly in faecal collection bags after having determined the daily total output of faeces. Faecal concentrations of the internal markers, indigestible dry matter, indigestible neutral detergent fibre, indigestible acid detergent fibre and indigestible acid detergent lignin (iADL), were determined. Faecal output was not accurately predicted with indigestible dry matter, indigestible neutral detergent fibre, indigestible acid detergent fibre and iADL. Dry-matter intake was predicted with iADL and TiO2 when faeces were collected for 5 days as grab samples once daily, or as total collection and with Cr2O3 when faecal grab samples were collected for 5 days. The results using external markers indicated that TiO2 is not a marker equivalent to Cr2O3 for estimating intake and faecal output. TiO2 was the only external marker to accurately estimate faecal output, independent of the method (total or grab) and time period (3 or 5 days) used; this suggests that TiO2 is the best marker tested for predicting the faecal output of sheep that are fed a diet of fresh Brachiaria brizantha (cv. Marandu) grass ad libitum.

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Nutrients intake and digestibility in sheep fed with residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6supl2p4401 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽

pp. 4401 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽

Fabiana Gomes Costa ◽

Jocilaine Garcia ◽

Anderson Moura Zanine ◽

Edmiar Barbosa de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Total Carbohydrates

<p>This study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake and digestibility by sheep fed diets containing residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp (RETP). We used four sheep with a mean body weight (BW) of 40.38 kg, whose pens were distributed in a Latin square design. The diet treatments contained 0, 5, 10 and 15% of RETP. The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and the differences observed were tested using regression equations at 5% significance. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), total carbohydrates (TC), and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC),expressed in g day-1, % BW and g kg0,75-1, were not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the inclusion of RETP. The intake of ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) showed a linear increase (p<0.05) as RETP content rose. However, the digestibility of DM, CP, TC, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) decreased linearly (p<0.05), while the digestibility of EE, NDF, ADF, and NFC, with average values of 62.12%; 79.95%; 41.59%; 37.12%, and 91.57%, respectively, were not significantly affected (p>0.05) when RETP was included in the diet. The inclusion of up to 15% of the residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp changes the intake of ether extract and neutral detergent fiber, and reduced dry matter, crude protein, and total carbohydrates in the sheep’s diet.</p>

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Nutritional evaluation of babassu endocarp meal type II with different inclusions in sheep diets

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n1p321 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 321 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hemilly Cristina Menezes Sá ◽

Iran Borges ◽

Gilberto De Lima Macedo Junior ◽

José Neuman Miranda Neiva ◽

Tássia Ludmila Teles Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Control Group ◽

Type Ii ◽

Experimental Diet ◽

Best Response ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Male Sheep

Industrialization of the Babassu coconut for edible oil production generates many co-products and has great potential to be used in ruminant nutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different inclusions of endocarp meal type II of Babassu coconut (BEMII) on intake and digestibility of sheep diets. Twenty non-castrated male sheep with an undefined breed were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The animals received an experimental diet with increasing inclusions of BEMII (0.0%, 7.5%, 15.0%, and 22.5%). Increasing additions of the coproduct negatively influenced dry matter intake (g/BW and g/kg0.75). Crude protein intake (in grams) per day decreased linearly with the inclusion of BEMII, presenting a reduction of 49.35 g/d. The inclusion of 7.5% showed the best response for energy balance among all inclusions and presented the closest nitrogen balance value when compared to the control group; therefore, this inclusion percentage is the best for endocarp meal utilization.

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Nutrients intake and digestibility in sheep fed with residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6sup2p4401 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽

pp. 4401

Author(s):

Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽

Fabiana Gomes Costa ◽

Jocilaine Garcia ◽

Anderson Moura Zanine ◽

Edmiar Barbosa de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Total Carbohydrates

This study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake and digestibility by sheep fed diets containing residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp (RETP). We used four sheep with a mean body weight (BW) of 40.38 kg, whose pens were distributed in a Latin square design. The diet treatments contained 0, 5, 10 and 15% of RETP. The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and the differences observed were tested using regression equations at 5% significance. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), total carbohydrates (TC), and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC),expressed in g day-1, % BW and g kg0,75-1, were not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the inclusion of RETP. The intake of ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) showed a linear increase (p<0.05) as RETP content rose. However, the digestibility of DM, CP, TC, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) decreased linearly (p<0.05), while the digestibility of EE, NDF, ADF, and NFC, with average values of 62.12%; 79.95%; 41.59%; 37.12%, and 91.57%, respectively, were not significantly affected (p>0.05) when RETP was included in the diet. The inclusion of up to 15% of the residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp changes the intake of ether extract and neutral detergent fiber, and reduced dry matter, crude protein, and total carbohydrates in the sheep’s diet.

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