scholarly journals Mineral supplementation of dairy heifers in Marandu-Grass pasture in spring and summer seasons

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto de Almeida Targino ALCOFORADO ◽  
Aianne Batista LIRA ◽  
Carla Giselly de SOUZA ◽  
Edson Mauro dos SANTOS ◽  
Safira Valença BISPO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Tropical Grasslands ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Here in this study we assessed dairy heifers kept in tropical grasslands during spring and summer seasons to observe the effects of two supplementation strategies upon their performance. Sixteen dairy heifers (Holstein 5/8 x Gyr 3/4) with 135.25 kg of body mass were randomly assigned in two supplementation treatments (e.g., mineral salt and protein salt supplement) during spring and summer seasons, divided into two groups of eight animals that represented 4.29 animal unit ha. Initial and final fasted weights (i.e., feed and water withheld for 16h) were obtained before to start and at the end of each grazing cycle (28 days), and then the weight gain (kg animal-1) per grazing cycle was calculated by the difference between final and initial weights. There was no significant effect (P <0.05) on the intake of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and dry matter digestibility, between treatments (P <0.05). However, there was a significant effect (P <0.05) between seasons; e.g., respective means of dry matter intake (kg day-1,% BW g / kg 0.75), intake of crude protein (g day-1 g / kg 0.75), ether extract (g day-1), neutral detergent fiber (g day-1 and% BW) were 3.95 and 2.88 kg, 2.54 and 1.65%, 89.27 and 59.56 g kg0.75, 429.89 and 298.43 g day-1, 9.72 and 6.18 g kg0.75, 118.79 and 84.07 g day-1, 2.90 and 2.05 kg day-1, 1.86 and 1.18%, for Spring and Summer seasons. Moreover, the dry matter intake (% BW and g kg 0.75 of DM) were higher (P < 0.05) during the spring season (e.g., 2.53 vs 1.64 % BW; and 89.26 vs 59.56 g kg0.75 DM).

scholarly journals Manejo nutricional de novillos criados en pastoreo y en corral: efectos en el consumo, digestibilidad, rendimiento y viabilidad económica

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119
Author(s):  
Sinvaldo Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Ana Paula Gomes da Silva ◽  
Marceliana Da Conceição Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Mineral Supplementation

This study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake and digestibility, performance and economic viability of steers during the rearing phase in Brachiaria brizantha cultivar Marandu graze and in feedlot. Were used fifty crossbred steers in the rearing phase, with a mean weight of 275 ± 8.18 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design with ten replications per treatments: Mineral supplementation, nitrogen supplementation, Concentrate supplementation in the order of 1 and 2 g/kg body weight and total feedlot. The total dry matter intake and body weight showed a difference (P<0.05) for animals in feedlot. Crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ashes and protein, non-fibrous carbohydrates, total digestible nutrients showed differences for the animals that received mineral supplementation in comparison to the other managements adopted. The same performance was observed for animals in feedlot. The digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients showed a difference (P<0.05) for the animals that received mineral supplementation, in comparison to the other managements adopted. (P<0.05). The mean daily gain was lower (P<0.05) for animals receiving mineral supplementation. The gross margin was higher (P<0.05) for animals handled in feedlot. Considering the obtained results, it was possible to observe that the animals kept in graze with good availability of dry matter presented satisfactory performance. It is feasible to confine the animals in rearing, since it shortens the production cycle, generating favorable economic results.

scholarly journals Voluntary Intake, Chemical Composition, and Nutrient Digestibility of Pangolagrass and Stargrass Hays

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
R. Gutiérrez-Vargas ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
A. Ramírez-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis ◽  
The Difference

Pangolagrass (Digitaria decumbens) and stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) harvested at 30, 45, and 60 days and made in to hay, were fed to four castrated male ruminants (goats and steers) in individual digestion stalls. The grasses were fertilized at the rate of 4,480 kg/ha/yr with 15-5-10, harvested, sun-dried for 2 days and cut in 3- to 6-cm pieces. Each experimental period lasted 21 days, divided into a 14-day preliminary feed ing period and a 7-day collection period. Each hay was offered at a level of 90% intake, as determined in the preliminary period. Hays, offered and refused, and feces were weighed and sampled daily. Representative samples were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, neutral-detergent fiber, acid-detergent fiber, cellulose, lignin, and silica. Hemicellulose was determined as the difference between neutral-detergent fiber and acid-detergent fiber. Apparent digestion coefficients for each fraction were calculated on all hays and all ruminants. Pangolagrass dry-matter intake was significantly (P < .01) greater than that of stargrass hay by both goats and steers. No significant differences in dry-matter intake were obtained between hay ages of 30, 45, and 60 days. Goats had a higher dry-matter intake (P < .01) than steers. Significant differences were obtained between hays in neutral-detergent fiber (P < .01), hemicellulose (P < .01), and cellulose (P < .05) contents and between hay ages in crude protein (P < .05), cellulose (P < .01), lignin (P < .05), and silica (P < .01) contents. For digestibilities, significant differences were obtained between hays in dry matter (P < .05), neutral-detergent fiber (P < 05), and cellulose (P < .01); between hay ages in lignin (P < .01) and silica (P < .01); and between ruminants in dry matter (P < .01), neutral-detergent fiber (P < .01), acid-detergent fiber (P < .01), hemicellulose (P < .01), and cellulose (P < .01). Goats may not necessarily substitute for steers in digestion trials; and lignin, but not silica, tends to be a valid marker for determining digestibility.

scholarly journals KONSUMSI DAN KECERNAAN JERAMI JAGUNG MANADO KUNING DAN JERAMI JAGUNG HIBRIDA JAYA 3 PADA SAPI PO

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Nancy W.H. Tuwaidan ◽  
M. R. Waani ◽  
Rustandi - ◽  
S. S. Malalantang
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Hybrid Corn ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yellow Corn

ABSTRACT INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF YELLOW MANADO AND JAYA 3 HYBRID CORN SRAWS FOR ONGOLE GRADE CATTLE. Experiment was conducted to determine the intake capacity and digestibility of Manado yellow corn straw (MYCS) and Jaya 3 hybrid corn straw (J3HCS) as single feed for Ongole grade cattle (OGC). Five female OGC were used in this experiment, applied into two periods. The animals were fed with MYCS in the first stage and J3HCS in the second stage. The measured variables were including dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), digestibility of crude protein (DCP) and digestibility of Neutral Detergent Fiber (DNDF). The data were analyzed by T test. The results showed that treatment significantly affected (p <0.05) the DMI, DMD, DCP and DNDF. It can be concluded DMI, DMD, DCP and DNDF of MYCS were higher than those of J3HCS.   Key words: Dry matter Intake, Digestibility, Corn straw, Ongole grade cattle.  

scholarly journals Increasing levels of concentrate digestibility, performance and ingestive behavior in lambs

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Nunes PARENTE ◽  
Michelle de Oliveira Maia PARENTE ◽  
Ruan Mourão da Silva GOMES ◽  
Wesclley de Jesus dos Santos SODRÉ ◽  
Miguel Arcanjo MOREIRA FILHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

SUMMARY The objectives of this research were to determine the effects increasing levels of concentrate on nutrients digestibility, performance, economic viability of diets and ingestive behavior of lambs. Fifteen crossbred lambs were used in a randomized complete block design according to initial body weight and age. Lambs were penned individually during 55 days, being 10 days for adaptation of diets and 45 days for data collection. The treatments consisted in three isonitrogenous diets with increasing levels of concentrate: 40, 60, or 80%, in dry matter basis. No effect (P>0.05) were observed on dry matter intake, crude protein intake, crude protein digestibility and neutral detergent fiber digestibility, whereas the dry matter digestibility was lower (P<0.01) for lambs fed diets with 40% of concentrate. The addition of 80% concentrate decreased (P<0.05) neutral detergent fiber intake, however this treatment provided higher average daily gain, followed by 60 and 40% of concentrate. In relation to feeding behavior, the animals fed80% concentrate spent more time with feeding (P<0.05) compared to the other treatments. It is concluded that supplementation of concentrate between 60 to 80% improves dry matter digestibility and performance of crossbred lambs without relevant affect dry matter intake and ingestive behavior. A diet with 80% concentrate provides positive gross margin of profit.

Using highly nutritious pastures to mitigate enteric methane emissions from cattle grazing systems in South America

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Dini ◽  
J. I. Gere ◽  
C. Cajarville ◽  
Verónica S. Ciganda
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Enteric Methane

Enteric methane (CH4) emissions are directly related to the quantity and type of feed intake. Existing mitigation strategies, for example, the addition of legumes to grass-based diets and increased use of grains, have been thoroughly researched and applied in different production systems. In this paper, we propose a need to expand the capacity to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions in cattle under grazing conditions. The objective of this paper was to contribute to evaluate a mitigation strategy under grazing conditions of using contrasting levels of pasture quality. The study was performed with 20 heifers twice during the year: winter and spring. Each season, the study employed a crossover design with two treatments and two 5-day measurement periods. The treatments were two pastures with different nutritional values, including a pasture with a low quality (70% of neutral detergent fibre, 1% of ether extract, 8% of non-fibre carbohydrates), 9% of crude protein, 35% of dry matter digestibility and a pasture with a high quality (42% neutral detergent fibre, 1.3% ether extract, 24% non-fibre carbohydrates, 21% crude protein and 63% dry matter digestibility). Enteric CH4 emissions were measured with sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique. The dry matter intake (kg/day) was measured indirectly using titanium dioxide as an external marker. CH4 emissions from animals grazing the high-quality pasture were 14% lower expressed as % of gross energy intake, and 11% lower expressed by unit of dry matter intake (g CH4/kg). These results quantitative showed the alternative to mitigate CH4 emissions from grazing bovines exclusively through the improvement of the forage quality offered.

The digestibility by Friesian steers of dry and acid-treated moist barley offered either whole or rolled in diets containing roughage

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Ahmed ◽  
J. H. Topps ◽  
D. G. Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARY1. The digestibility of dry barley and acid-treated moist barley was studied with eight Friesian steers in two consecutive trials each of a duplicated, 2x2 factorial design. In the first trial the diet consisted of either dry or moist (30%) acid-treated barley in the rolled or whole form together with chopped hay; in the second trial rolled or whole, moist (24%) acid-treated barley was given with either chopped hay or silage.2. No significant difference between the diets in dry-matter intake was observed in the first trial, but in the second trial there was a significantly greater (P< 0·001) intake of dry matter with the hay than with the silage diets.3. For diets containing either of the moist barleys the digestibility of crude protein was higher when the grain was rolled than when it was whole, the differences being significant (P<0·05) for diets with the 24%-moisture barley. Dry-matter digestibility also was higher for diets containing rolled rather than whole, moist (24%) barley, the difference being significant (P < 0·05) for diets based on silage.4. Digestibility of starch was significantly greater (P<0·05) when acid-treated moist (24 or 30%) barley was given in the rolled rather than the whole form. Differences in starch digestibility between whole and rolled dry barley were not significant.5. For all diets the digestibility of crude fibre was greater when the barley was whole than when it was rolled, the difference being significant (P < 0·05) for diets containing hay.

scholarly journals The Performance of Steers Fed on Sugarcane in natura or Ensiled with Concentrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Dheynne Alves Vieira ◽  
Andréia Santos Cezário ◽  
Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos Santos ◽  
Jeferson Corrêa Ribeiro ◽  
Tiago Neves Pereira Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu steers fed on the diets containing sugarcane in natura or ensiled with two levels of concentrate (30% and 70%). A total of 32 males of 394 kg of body weight were used in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and seven repetitions. The animals reported a high dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.05) when fed on the high concentrate levels. The increase in concentrate levels resulted in an approximately 25% to 60% higher DMI as compared to the lowest level offered by silage-based diets and sugarcane in natura. The highest apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter were observed in the diets based on sugarcane in natura (P < 0.05). The sugarcane based diets also affected (P > 0.05) the digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, ether extract, and non-fiber carbohydrates. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between the diets for average daily weight gain, carcass dressing, carcass gain, and feed conversion. The diets based on sugarcane in nature or ensiled with 30% and 70% concentrates do not influence the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu cattle.

Dry matter intake, nutrient selection and milk production of dairy cows grazing rainfed perennial pastures at different herbage allowances in spring

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
D. E. Dalley ◽  
J. R. Roche ◽  
C. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Selection Differentials

Summary. The effect of herbage allowance (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg DM/cow. day) on the consumption of nutrients from herbage and milk production by cows in early lactation, was examined. The experiment was conducted on rainfed perennial ryegrass pastures in September and October 1997 in south-eastern Victoria, Australia. The herbage on offer comprised 64% perennial ryegrass, 21% other grasses, 1% white clover, 5% weeds and 9% dead material on a dry matter (DM) basis. The average pregrazing herbage height was 13 cm, at an estimated pregrazing herbage mass of 3.6 t DM/ha. The herbage on offer was of high quality containing 11.6 MJ metabolisable energy/kg DM, 202 g crude protein/kg DM and 525 g neutral detergent fibre/kg DM. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur and chloride were 4.4, 2.2, 4.4, 31.2, 3.5, 2.7 and 11.4 g/kg DM, respectively. As daily herbage allowance per cow increased, dry matter intake increased curvilinearly (P<0.01) from 11.2 to 18.7 kg DM/cow. day. This was associated with a decrease in utilisation of herbage from 54 to 26% and an increase in milk production from 25.9 to 29.1 kg/cow. day. The cows on all treatments grazed for less than 8.7 h/day. The increase in intake was achieved by an increase in the rate of herbage intake from 1.5 to 2.2 kg DM/h for herbage allowances of 20 and 70 kg/cow.day, respectively. Irrespective of herbage allowance, cows selected a diet that was approximately 10% higher in in vitro dry matter digestibility and 30% higher in crude protein than that in the herbage on offer. The neutral detergent fibre content of the herbage selected was lower (P<0.05) than that on offer. The herbage consumed contained more (P<0.05) magnesium, potassium and sulfur, the same amount of calcium and phosphorus and less (P<0.05) sodium and chloride than the herbage on offer. For rainfed perennial pastures in spring, herbage allowance is an important factor in determining voluntary feed intake and production of dairy cows. To achieve 30 L from herbage, without supplementation, high herbage allowances are required. The increase in herbage intake, with increasing herbage allowance, resulted from an increase in rate of dry matter intake and not an increase in grazing time. No relationship was evident between herbage allowance and the selection differentials for in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre. Selection differentials for rainfed perennial pastures in spring are similar to those reported for irrigated perennial pastures in northern Victoria in spring and autumn. When determining nutrient requirements it is important to consider the interaction between herbage intake and nutrient concentration in the herbage.

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Kelly Moura Keller ◽  
Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

Effects of heat processing on digestible energy and other nutrient digestibilities of full-fat soybeans fed to weaner, grower and finisher pigs

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno J. Marty ◽  
Eduardo R. Chavez
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Weaner Pigs ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The influence of different heat treatments for full-fat soybeans (FFSB) on digestible energy (DE) values and fecal nutrient digestibilities was studied using 180 castrated male Landrace pigs at three different growth stages: weaner (17.1 ± 0.2 kg), grower (32 ± 0.2 kg) and finisher (61.6 ± 0.3 kg). The soybean products used in weaner (30%), grower (25%) and finisher (20%) diets were soybean meal (SBM) or FFSB processed by either extrusion (Ex), jet sploding (Js), micronization (Mi) or roasting (Ro). Digestibilities were determined by total fecal collections during the last 7 d of each 12-d period. Dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibilities of FFSB were lower (P < 0.05) in weaner than in grower or finisher pigs, but DE values and apparent digestibilities of crude protein (CP) and ether extract were not influenced by growth stage. Extruded FFSB had a superior CP digestibility than the other soybean products (86.4 vs. 79.8, 79.8, 80.0 and 78.2% for Js, Mi, Ro and SBM, respectively), and it also had a higher DE value (21.0 vs. 20.0, 19.6, 18.5 and 16.6 MJ DE kg−1 DM, P < 0.05). Extrusion of FFSB was most beneficial for weaner pigs as this heat treatment resulted in higher (P < 0.05) CP (87.8 vs. 80.9, 80.8, 82.1 and 76.6% for Js, Mi, Ro and SBM, respectively) and NDF (76.2 vs. 62.7, 63.3, 61.9 and 53.8% for Js, Mi, Ro and SBM, respectively) digestibilities. The heat treatments did not influence the CP and NDF digestibilities during grower or finisher stages. The data suggested that extrusion of FFSB yielded superior DE values and CP digestibilities than other heat treatments. Key words: Full-fat soybean products, extrusion, digestibility, pigs

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