scholarly journals Evaluation of Fenoxaprop-P-Ethyl Resistant Littleseed Canarygrass (Phalaris minor) in Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. ABBAS ◽  
M.A. NADEEM ◽  
A. TANVEER ◽  
R. AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Index ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
First Case ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canary Grass

ABSTRACT To test resistance status of Phalaris minor (littleseed canary grass) to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl in Pakistan, a field survey was conducted during 2014. Uncontrolled P. minor plants were selected for seed collection from wheat fields where fenoxaprop-P-ethyl was used to control P. minor. Seeds were collected from eight different locations near Fasialabad, Pakistan. Susceptible plants were also selected near Faisalabad having no history of fenoxaprop-P-ethyluse for comparison. These seeds were grown in pots for resistance confirmation using completely randomized design with factorial arrangement having four replicates. Four doses of fenoxaprop-P-ethylcontrol (0X), 46.9 (0.5X), 93.7 (1X) and 187 (2X) g a.i. ha-1 were sprayed at 3 to 4 leaf stage of P. minor. Three weeks after fenoxaprop-P-ethyl spray, percent mortality and biomass of different biotypes were recorded. Dose killing 50% plants (LD50) and resistance index (RI) were calculated on the basis of percent mortality. Results revealed that out of eight biotypes (PM-FS-1, PM-FS-2, PM-FS-3, PM-FS-4, PM-FS-5, PM-FS-6, PM-FS-7 and PM-FS-8) four biotypes (PM-FS-1, PM-FS-2, PM-FS-6 and PM-FS-7) showed resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl. Percent mortality for the resistant biotypes was 51 to 71% even at 2X. Resistance index of the resistant biotypes was 2.13-6.00. Biomass reductions were also significantly lesser in resistant biotypes. Evolution of P. minor resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl is first case of herbicide resistance in Pakistan. Research is needed to assess the infestation of herbicide resistant P. minor area in other locations and suggest control measures to evolve the effective management strategy to control the future spread of resistant biotypes.

Case Report: Management of a Patient with mTBI and Vestibular Hypofunction with the Binasal Occlusion Technique

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Motion Sensitivity ◽  
Vestibular Hypofunction ◽  
First Case ◽  
Neurological Exam ◽  
History Of ◽  
Occlusion Technique ◽  
Visual Vertigo

Background: Binasal Occlusion (BNO) is a clinical technique used by many neurorehabilitative optometrists in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and increased visual motion sensitivity (VMS) or visual vertigo. BNO is a technique in which partial occluders are added to the spectacle lenses to suppress the abnormal peripheral visual motion information. This technique helps in reducing VMS symptoms (i.e., nausea, dizziness, balance difficulty, visual confusion). Case Report: A 44-year-old AA female presented for a routine eye exam with a history of mTBI approximately 33 years ago. She was suffering from severe dizziness for the last two years that was adversely impacting her ADLs. The dizziness occurred in all body positions and all environments throughout the day. She was diagnosed with vestibular hypofunction and had undergone vestibular therapy but reported little improvement. Neurological exam revealed dizziness with both OKN drum and hand movement, especially in the left visual field. BNO technique resulted in immediate relief of her dizziness symptoms. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first case that illustrates how the BNO technique in isolation can be beneficial for patients with mTBI and vestibular hypofunction. It demonstrates the success that BNO has in filtering abnormal peripheral visual motion in these patients.

Scales and Units

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. de Luna
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
The North ◽  
First Case ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
River Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alternative Approaches

This chapter uses two case studies to explore how historians study language movement and change through comparative historical linguistics. The first case study stands as a short chapter in the larger history of the expansion of Bantu languages across eastern, central, and southern Africa. It focuses on the expansion of proto-Kafue, ca. 950–1250, from a linguistic homeland in the middle Kafue River region to lands beyond the Lukanga swamps to the north and the Zambezi River to the south. This expansion was made possible by a dramatic reconfiguration of ties of kinship. The second case study explores linguistic evidence for ridicule along the Lozi-Botatwe frontier in the mid- to late 19th century. Significantly, the units and scales of language movement and change in precolonial periods rendered visible through comparative historical linguistics bring to our attention alternative approaches to language change and movement in contemporary Africa.

scholarly journals Immediate post partum macular subretinal bleeding in a highly myopic patient: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Bitton ◽  
J.-L. Bacquet ◽  
F. Amoroso ◽  
S. Mrejen ◽  
M. Paques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Pathologic Myopia ◽  
Pathological Myopia ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Sudden Loss ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
First Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
Macular Hemorrhage

Abstract Background Pathologic myopia is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. Case presentation We report a case of an immediate post partum macular subretinal bleeding observed in a highly myopic patient. A 30-years-old woman presented two days after childbirth for sudden loss of vision in her right eye. Multimodal imaging showed macular hemorrhage masking a subtle yellowish linear lesion corresponding to lacker crack. Due to the lack of evidence for choroidal neovascularization, a simple clinical and imaging monitoring was recommended. Six weeks later, we noted an improvement in her best-corrected visual acuity and a decreased in size of the macular hemorrhage. Conclusions This is the first case reporting a macular subretinal bleeding on macular lacquer cracks in a highly myopic patient in immediate post partum. Valsalva maneuver associated with vaginal delivery could explain the occurrence of the hemorrhage associated with lacquer crack. However, natural history of pathological myopia could not be excluded.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Health Care Personnel at a Health Care System in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110110
Author(s):  
Salma Abbas ◽  
Aun Raza ◽  
Ayesha Iftikhar ◽  
Aamir Khan ◽  
Shahzaib Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Care Personnel ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Health care personnel (HCP) are at high risk for coronavirus disease-2019 acquisition. Serum antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) indicate past infection. Our institution offered SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing to HCP. We surveyed HCP with positive test results to explore past exposure to SARS-CoV-2, details of symptoms during the preceding 6 months, and a history of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing. A total of 2162 HCP underwent antibody testing. Eight hundred fifty-seven (39.6%) employees tested positive and, of these, 820 (95.7%) participated in the survey. When adjusted for age, males had higher odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies compared with females (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.37-2.05; P = .00) and clinical staff had higher odds of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity compared with nonclinical staff (OR = 1.273; 95% CI = 1.06-1.53; P = .01). Implementation of effective infection control measures is essential to protect HCP from coronavirus disease-2019.

Prolapsed Nasal Polyp Causing Acute Airway Obstruction: An Exceptional Presentation

ORL ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Krupa R. Patel ◽  
Ashton E. Lehmann ◽  
Aria Jafari ◽  
Daniel L. Faden
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Nasal Polyp ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Acute Airway Obstruction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sinonasal Symptoms ◽  
Or History

Although nasal polyposis is a common clinical entity, there is limited literature describing the rare presentation of sudden prolapse of a massive nasal polyp resulting in an airway emergency in an adult. We present the first case report to our knowledge of a patient without any preceding sinonasal symptoms or history of anticoagulation who experienced acute upper airway obstruction due to sudden hemorrhage and prolapse of a large nasal polyp. Based on our experience treating this patient, we discuss special considerations in all phases of care to ensure safe and effective management of such an exceptional clinical scenario.

scholarly journals First case report of acute cholangitis secondary to Cronobacter sakazakii

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Sahra ◽  
Abdullah Jahangir ◽  
Neville Mobarakai ◽  
Allison Glaser ◽  
Ahmad Jahangir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Cholangitis ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Cronobacter Sakazakii ◽  
First Case ◽  
Shunt Procedure ◽  
Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cholecystostomy Tube ◽  
Percutaneous Cholecystostomy Tube ◽  
First Time

Abstract Introduction Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which may be a causative agent of meningitis in premature infants and enterocolitis and bacteremia in neonates and adults. While there have been multiple cases of C. sakazakii infections, there have been no acute cholangitis cases reported in humans. Case presentation An 81-year-old male with a past medical history of basal cell carcinoma, alcoholic liver cirrhosis, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure, complicated by staphylococcus bacteremia, pituitary tumor, glaucoma, and hypothyroidism presented to the emergency room with the complaint of diffuse and generalized 10/10 abdominal pain of 1 day’s duration. There was a concern for pancreatitis, acute cholangitis, and possible cholecystitis, and the patient underwent a percutaneous cholecystostomy tube placement. Blood cultures from admission and biliary fluid cultures both grew C. sakazakii. The patient was treated with a carbapenem and clinically improved. Conclusions The case study described a patient with multiple medical comorbidities that presented with C. sakazakii bacteremia and cholangitis. While this bacterium has been implicated in other infections, we believe this is the first time the bacteria is being documented to have caused acute cholangitis.

scholarly journals CNS demyelination associated with immune dysregulation and a novel CTLA-4 variant

2021 ◽  
pp. 135245852096389
Author(s):  
Stefania Kaninia ◽  
Alexandros Grammatikos ◽  
Kathryn Urankar ◽  
Shelley A Renowden ◽  
Nikunj K Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
First Case ◽  
Self Tolerance ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cns Demyelination

Background: The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) pathway acts as a negative immune regulator of T-cell activation and promotes self-tolerance. Case: We report the first case of biopsy-proven central nervous system inflammatory demyelination in the context of primary immunodeficiency and a novel CTLA-4 variant. Conclusion: This case has significant implications for the development of novel treatments for autoimmune conditions including multiple sclerosis and further emphasises the need for caution with clinical use of CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibitors in those with a history of inflammatory demyelination.

scholarly journals Clinical and chest CT presentations from 27 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Mogadishu, Somalia: a descriptive study

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahye Garad Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed Farah Yusuf Mohamud ◽  
M. Sabri Medişoğlu ◽  
Ihsan Yavuz Atamaca ◽  
Ibrahim Hussein Ali
Keyword(s):  
Sore Throat ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
First Case ◽  
Abnormal Chest ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
History Of ◽  
Normal Chest ◽  
Bilateral Lung

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute viral pneumonia that had recently been found in humans. The first case was discovered in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019. In this article, we aimed to demonstrate the clinical and radiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Somalia from 20 March 2020 to 20 April 2020. Results Twenty-seven patients that had a positive RT-PCR test between 20 March 2020 and 20 April 2020 were retrospectively observed. This study included 19 (70.4%) males and 8 (29.6%) females, and the mean age and range were 43 years (SD ± 14.0) and 27–70 years, respectively. The majority (59.3%) of COVID-19-infected patients had no obvious history of exposure to infected patients. The participants of our study mostly presented with dry cough 24 (88.9%) patients, fever 19 (70.4%), myalgia 18 (66.6%), and sore throat 16 (59.3%). Twenty-five of 27 patients had abnormal chest CT, while 2 (7.4%) patients had normal chest CT. The most common patterns of abnormality seen on chest CT in patients with COVID-19 were ground-glass opacity (GGO) 74.1%, crazy paving pattern 18.5%, consolidation 14.8%, and mixed GCO 11.1%. Also, the most common predominant lesion distributions were bilateral lung involvement (88.9%), peripheral distribution (77.8%), and lower lung predominance (63%). Particularly, lung cavitation, discrete pulmonary nodules, pleural effusion, and underlying pulmonary fibrosis or emphysema had not been observed. Conclusion Dry cough, fever, myalgia, and sore throat were the most clinical presentations. GGO, crazy paving pattern, patchy consolidation, and mixed GCO were the typical chest CT manifestations.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effectiveness of measures to control the novel coronavirus disease 2019 in Jilin Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinglong Zhao ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Meng Yang ◽  
Meina Li ◽  
Zeyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
First Case ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Based on differences in populations and prevention and control measures, the spread of new coronary pneumonia in different countries and regions also differs. This study aimed to calculate the transmissibility of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to evaluate the effectiveness of measures to control the disease in Jilin Province, China. Methods The data of reported COVID-19 cases were collected, including imported and local cases from Jilin Province as of March 14, 2019. A Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Asymptomatic–Recovered/Removed (SEIAR) model was developed to fit the data, and the effective reproduction number (Reff) was calculated at different stages in the province. Finally, the effectiveness of the measures was assessed. Results A total of 97 COVID-19 infections were reported in Jilin Province, among which 45 were imported infections (including one asymptomatic infection) and 52 were local infections (including three asymptomatic infections). The model fit the reported data well (R2 = 0.593, P < 0.001). The Reff of COVID-19 before and after February 1, 2020 was 1.64 and 0.05, respectively. Without the intervention taken on February 1, 2020, the predicted cases would have reached a peak of 177,011 on October 22, 2020 (284 days from the first case). The projected number of cases until the end of the outbreak (on October 9, 2021) would have been 17,129,367, with a total attack rate of 63.66%. Based on the comparison between the predicted incidence of the model and the actual incidence, the comprehensive intervention measures implemented in Jilin Province on February 1 reduced the incidence of cases by 99.99%. Therefore, according to the current measures and implementation efforts, Jilin Province can achieve good control of the virus’s spread. Conclusions COVID-19 has a moderate transmissibility in Jilin Province, China. The interventions implemented in the province had proven effective; increasing social distancing and a rapid response by the prevention and control system will help control the spread of the disease.

scholarly journals Wild Oat (Avena Fatua L.) and Canary Grass (Phalaris Minor Ritz.) Management Through Allelopathy

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawar Jabran ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Mubshir Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Canary Grass

Wild Oat (Avena FatuaL.) and Canary Grass (Phalaris MinorRitz.) Management Through AllelopathyEnvironmental contamination, herbicide resistance development among weeds and health concerns due to over and misuse of synthetic herbicides has led the researchers to focus on alternative weed management strategies. Allelochemicals extracted from various plant species can act as natural weed inhibitors. In this study, allelopathic extracts from four plant species sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], mulberry (Morus albaL.), barnyard grass [Echinochloa crusgalli(L.) Beauv.], winter cherry [Withania somnifera(L.)] were tested for their potential to inhibit the most problematic wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) weeds wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) and canary grass (Phalaris minorRitz.). Data regarding time to start germination, time to 50% germination, mean germination time, final germination percentage, germination energy, root and shoot length, number of roots, number of leaves, and seedling fresh and dry weight was recorded for both the weeds, which showed that mulberry was the most inhibitory plant species while sorghum showed least allelopathic suppression against wild oat. Mulberry extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of the wild oat germination. The allelopathic potential for different plants against wild oat was in the order: mulberry > winter cherry > barnyard grass > sorghum. Mulberry, barnyard grass and winter cherry extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of canary grass. Sorghum however exhibited least suppressive or in some cases stimulatory effects on canary grass. Plants revealing strong allelopathic potential can be utilized to derive natural herbicides for weed control.

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