scholarly journals Use of 2,4-D in Mixture with Ethephon and Calcium Carbide in Pineapple Crop

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. RAPOSO JR. ◽  
G.A.M. PEREIRA ◽  
C.C. MATOS ◽  
L.H. BARCELLOS JR. ◽  
D.F. PAULA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Productive System ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Solids Content

ABSTRACT: The 2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon) and calcium carbide are used to induce and synchronize the flowering of pineapple crop. Some farmers have used the 2,4-D herbicide in combination with these flowering inducers. This practice is based on the hypothesis that 2,4-D would act as a growth regulator, increasing fruit size and weight. The objectives of this work was to verify if the use of 2,4-D, associated to calcium carbide or ethephon, influences the productivity and quality of the pineapple fruits and, also if the use of this herbicide leaves residues in the fruits. For this, two field experiments were carried out in two different farms. The treatments consisted of the application of ethephon and calcium carbide, alone, and in a mixture with two, four and six drops of 2,4-D in the center of the leaflet of the pineapple cv. “Pérola” at 10 months after planting. The use of 2,4-D mixed with calcium carbide or ethephon, regardless of the dose and culture environment, did not influence the size, weight, total soluble solids content, density and pH of the pineapple fruits. However, depending on the growing environment, ethephon + 2,4-D mixtures did not influence or reduce flowering and crop yield. No 2,4-D residues were found in the fruit pulp of pineapple. It was concluded that the use of 2,4-D as a growth regulator of pineapple under the conditions evaluated does not incorporate qualitative or quantitative benefits to the productive system of this crop. In addition, no 2,4-D residues were found in the fruit pulp of pineapple.

RESPONSE OF LITTLE CHERRY-INFECTED CHERRY TREES TO ZINC TREATMENTS

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-522
Author(s):  
J. M. Wilks ◽  
J. A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Zinc Treatment ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Cherry Trees

In the Creston Valley of British Columbia, mature Lambert cherry trees displaying severe symptoms of the virus disease little cherry were treated with various zinc carriers applied to the soil, to the dormant wood, or to the foliage. The trees had not shown the chlorotic symptoms typical of zinc deficiency but had produced fruits and leaves that were smaller than might be expected from the virus infection alone.The zinc treatments invariably resulted in improvements in leaf size, and especially in fruit quality. The best zinc treatment gave increases of 59 per cent in fruit size and 77 per cent in soluble solids content. The most marked responses were obtained with zinc sulphate applied as a dormant spray or with ZnEDTA chelate applied to the soil. Foliar sprays were the least effective. The quantity of zinc present in the leaves collected from treated plots showed no association with observed fruit responses. Leaf analyses demonstrated that a mild zinc deficiency condition existed. These trials indicate that the quality of fruits on trees infected with little cherry virus may be adversely affected by zinc deficiency, in the absence of recognizable zinc deficiency symptoms.

scholarly journals Iodine Biofortification of Apples and Pears in an Orchard Using Foliar Sprays of Different Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Budke ◽  
Werner Dierend ◽  
Hans-Georg Schön ◽  
Katja Hora ◽  
Karl Hermann Mühling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Dose Dependent

Many people across the world suffer from iodine (I) deficiency and related diseases. The I content in plant-based foods is particularly low, but can be enhanced by agronomic biofortification. Therefore, in this study two field experiments were conducted under orchard conditions to assess the potential of I biofortification of apples and pears by foliar fertilization. Fruit trees were sprayed at various times during the growing season with solutions containing I in different concentrations and forms. In addition, tests were carried out to establish whether the effect of I sprays can be improved by co-application of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and sodium selenate (Na2SeO4). Iodine accumulation in apple and pear fruits was dose-dependent, with a stronger response to potassium iodide (KI) than potassium iodate (KIO3). In freshly harvested apple and pear fruits, 51% and 75% of the biofortified iodine was localized in the fruit peel, respectively. The remaining I was translocated into the fruit flesh, with a maximum of 3% reaching the core. Washing apples and pears with running deionized water reduced their I content by 14%. To achieve the targeted accumulation level of 50–100 μg I per 100 g fresh mass in washed and unpeeled fruits, foliar fertilization of 1.5 kg I per hectare and meter canopy height was required when KIO3 was applied. The addition of KNO3 and Na2SeO4 to I-containing spray solutions did not affect the I content in fruits. However, the application of KNO3 increased the total soluble solids content of the fruits by up to 1.0 °Brix compared to the control, and Na2SeO4 in the spray solution increased the fruit selenium (Se) content. Iodine sprays caused leaf necrosis, but without affecting the development and marketing quality of the fruits. Even after three months of cold storage, no adverse effects of I fertilization on general fruit characteristics were observed, however, I content of apples decreased by 20%.

scholarly journals Improving Fruit Quality of Apricot by Means of Preharvest Benzyladenine and Benzyladenine Plus Gibberellin Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-427
Author(s):  
Fatih Ali Canli ◽  
Murat Sahin ◽  
Nurettin Temurtas ◽  
Mustafa Pektas
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Solids Content

Applications that could improve apricot (Prunus armeniaca) fruit size and quality would enhance their marketability. In this study, the effects of preharvest benzyladenine (BA) and BA plus gibberellin (GA) applications on fruit quality of ‘Alyanak’ apricot were investigated. BA (50, 100, and 150 ppm) and BA + GA4+7 (12.5, 25, and 50 ppm) were applied at the beginning of pit hardening stage. When fruit reached their maturity, samples were harvested and evaluated in terms of: weight, size, firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), acidity, and pH. Fruit treated with BA were significantly heavier and larger than fruit not treated, and there were significant differences in fruit size within the BA-treated fruit. The heaviest and the largest fruit were obtained from 100 to 150 ppm BA concentrations. BA + GA4+7 treatments did not affect fruit size. Application of 100 ppm BA and 25 ppm BA + GA4+7 increased fruit firmness at harvest. SSC, pH, and acidity were unaffected by the applications. The results obtained in this study showed a practical benefit of a single application of BA at the end of pit hardening for improving apricot quality. Fruit treated with the optimum dose of BA (100 ppm) were larger and firmer than untreated fruit.

Quality of Carrots Grown for Processing as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest Term

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Gajewski ◽  
Zenon Węglarz ◽  
Anna Sereda ◽  
Marta Bajer ◽  
Agnieszka Kuczkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Carrot Juice ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Nitrates Content

Quality of Carrots Grown for Processing as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest TermIn 2007-2008 the effect of nitrogen fertilization and harvest term on quality of two carrot cultivars was investigated. The field experiment was carried out in Żelazna Experimental Station of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Karotan F1and Trafford F1cultivars, commonly grown for juice industry, were the objects of the experiment. Carrot seeds were sown at the beginning of May. Nitrogen fertilization was applied in five rates, ranged from 0 to 120 kg·ha-1and in two terms — before sowing and in the middle of growing season. Roots were harvested in three terms: mid-September, mid-October and the first decade of November. After harvest there were determined: nitrates (NO3) content in carrot roots and juice, soluble solids, colour parameters of juice in CIE L*a*b*system. The dose and the term of nitrogen fertilization influenced nitrates content in carrots, and the highest NO3concentration was found in carrots fertilized with 120 kg·ha-1of N before sowing. Karotan showed higher nitrates accumulation than Trafford. The content of nitrates in the roots was markedly higher than in carrot juice. Nitrates content in carrots decreased with delaying of harvest time, in opposite to soluble solids content. Soluble solids content and colour parameters of carrot juice were not affected by nitrogen fertilization, but the lowest L*, a*and b*values were observed at the last term of harvest.

Drip Irrigation and Stand Establishment Affect Yield and Quality of Cantaloupe

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 545d-545
Author(s):  
D.I. Leskovar ◽  
J.C. Ward ◽  
R.W. Sprague ◽  
A. Meiri
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Yield And Quality

Water pumping restrictions of high-quality irrigation water from underground aquifers is affecting vegetable production in Southwest Texas. There is a need to develop efficient deficit-irrigation strategies to minimize irrigation inputs and maintain crop profitability. Our objective was to determine how growth, yield, and quality of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. cv. `Caravelle') are affected by irrigation systems with varying input levels, including drip depth position and polyethylene mulch. Stand establishment systems used were containerized transplants and direct seeding. Field experiments were conducted on a Uvalde silty clay loam soil. Marketable yields increased in the order of pre-irrigation followed by: dry-land conditions, furrow/no-mulch, furrow/mulch, drip-surface (0 cm depth)/mulch, drip-subsurface (10-cm depth)/mulch, and drip-subsurface (30 cm depth)/mulch. Pooled across all drip depth treatments, plants on drip had higher water use efficiency than plants on furrow/no-mulch or furrow/mulch systems. Transplants with drip-surface produced 75% higher total and fruit size No. 9 yields than drip-subsurface (10- or 30-cm depth) during the first harvest, but total yields were unaffected by drip tape position. About similar trends were measured in a subsequent study except for a significant irrigation system (stand establishment interaction for yield. Total yields were highest for transplants on drip-subsurface (10-cm depth) and direct seeded plants on drip-subsurface (10 and 30 cm depth) with mulch.

scholarly journals Higher Temperatures Decrease Fruit Size in Strawberry Growing in the Subtropics

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Christopher Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Solids Content

Five strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars were grown in Queensland, Australia to determine whether higher temperatures affect production. Transplants were planted on 29 April and data collected on growth, marketable yield, fruit weight and the incidence of small fruit less than 12 g until 28 October. Additional data were collected on fruit soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) from 16 September to 28 October. Minimum temperatures were 2 °C to 4 °C higher than the long-term averages from 1965 to 1990. Changes in marketable yield followed a dose-logistic pattern (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.99). There was a strong negative relationship between fruit weight (marketable) and the average daily mean temperature in the four or seven weeks before harvest from 29 July to 28 October (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.90). There were no significant relationships between SSC and TA, and temperatures in the eight days before harvest from 16 September to 28 October (p > 0.05). The plants continued to produce a marketable crop towards the end of the season, but the fruit were small and more expensive to harvest. Higher temperatures in the future are likely to affect the economics of strawberry production in subtropical locations.

Yield increase and higher flesh firmness of 'Arctic Snow' nectarines both at harvest in Australia and after export to Taiwan following pre-harvest application of ReTain Plant Growth Regulator (aminoethoxyvinylglycine, AVG)

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Rath ◽  
A. J. Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Ambient Storage ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Harvest Delay

The effects ReTain Plant Growth Regulator (830 g in 1000 L water/ha) applied to a commercial block of 'Arctic Snow' nectarines 7 days before the first harvest was assessed in relation to harvest delay, fruit size, fruit quality (flesh firmness and brix), as well as the quality of the fruit following export to Taiwan. The untreated block (0.87 ha) and the ReTain-treated block (1.0 ha) were harvested according to the orchard's standard maturation criteria of background colour, size and percent blush colour. Based on picking schedules, the maturation of the ReTain block was delayed by 2.75 days (P<0.05). The fruit continued to grow during this delay and resulted in a 12.3% increase in yield and an increase of 393 packed cartons/ha. There were more (P<0.001) cartons of ReTain-treated fruit packed in grade sizes 69–78 mm diameter and less of smaller size classes (51–66 mm) compared with untreated fruit. The increase in both the number of cartons of class 1 fruit and fruit size on the ReTain block resulted in a Return on Investment (ROI) of 14.7 : 1 with an additional net return of AU$17 655/ha over the untreated block. There was a correlation between fruit size and flesh firmness with larger fruit being firmer than smaller fruit (P<0.001), however, packed ReTain-treated fruit was 3.2 N firmer on average (P<0.001) than packed untreated fruit for all size grades and from all harvests and packs. Brix levels increased (P<0.001) with fruit size but there was no difference (P = 0.568) between ReTain-treated fruit and untreated fruit. Two containers of fruit (early and late picks) were exported to Taiwan. The containers held a temperature of 0.5–2.0°C for the 14–15 day transit time from Australia to Taiwan. ReTain-treated fruit in both containers was 1.7 N firmer (P = 0.022) than untreated fruit upon arrival in Taiwan. After ambient storage (23°C) of fruit from container 1 for 45 h, fruit firmness declined (P<0.001) from an average of 65.7 to 43.2 N and there was no difference (P = 0.826) between treated or untreated fruit. It is concluded that ReTain application to 'Arctic Snow' nectarines can increase financial returns to growers through increased fruit size and quality benefits as well as maintain a higher flesh firmness following export.

scholarly journals Production and quality of melon hybrid Mandacaru irrigated with different levels of salinity

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiana Cleuma de Medeiros ◽  
José Francismar de Medeiros ◽  
Francisco Aécio de L Pereira ◽  
Sonally Cristina de M Silva ◽  
Maria das Graças Amâncio
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Solids Content

Among the problems faced by the melon crop in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, the effect of water and soil salinity is considered one of the key factors to limit fruit production and quality. The aim of this work was to study the effects of using irrigation waters with different salinity levels on yield and quality of fruits of the yellow melon hybrid Mandacaru. A randomized complete block design was used with five treatments (irrigation water salt concentrations: 0.54, 1.48, 2.02, 3.03, 3.9 dS m-1) and four replications. The effects of these concentrations were evaluated through, number of marketable fruits per plant, marketable and total fruit yield, average marketable fruit mass, soluble solids content and pulp firmness. Increment in water salinity level negatively influenced crop yield. The 3.9 dS m-1 salinity level caused yield losses of 20.31%, due to the reduction of fruit number per plant. The highest soluble solid content and the highest pulp firmness values were estimated to occur at salinity levels 2.09 and 3.5 dS m-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Quality of strawberries subjected to pre-harvest UV-C radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Camacho Nardello ◽  
Rufino Fernando Flores Cantillano ◽  
Jardel Araújo Ribeiro ◽  
Gerson Kleinick Vignolo ◽  
Marcelo Barbosa Malgarim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Uv C

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the use of UV-C radiation at an intensity of 0.53 KJ m-2, during strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) cultivation, on the physicochemical and phytochemical parameters of the fruits. The used experimental design was completely randomized, in a single-factor arrangement with 11, 19, 29, and 39 UV-C applications and without UV-C application. The hue of the fruits was smaller at the end of the study period. pH varied in strawberries that received 39 applications of UV-C, and the soluble solids content differed with 19 applications. Antioxidant activity was lower in fruits with 11, 19, and 29 UV-C applications, whereas vitamin C content was lower only in fruits that received 29 applications. The use of UV-C radiation at an intensity of 0.53 KJ m-2, during strawberry cultivation, affects the physicochemical and phytochemical parameters of the fruits, but does not cause losses in their quality.

scholarly journals Phosphorus (P) improves industrial tomato quality and yield in soil with high phosphorus content

2020 ◽  
pp. 1335-1341
Author(s):  
Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho ◽  
Bruno Trevizaneli ◽  
Sergio Manuel Rugeles Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
P Content ◽  
Tomato Processing ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
Solids Content

Soils under intensive and successive cropping with central pivot irrigation tend to present high nutrient contents, especially phosphorus (P), which is a nutrient with a great impact on the yield and quality of agricultural products. Among the rotating crops, the application of high P rates is common in processing tomato, although not supported by research. This work evaluates the effect of phosphate fertilization (0, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 kg ha-1 P2O5) on the yield and quality of industrial tomato ‘Heinz 9553’ grown in a soil with high available P content (145 mg dm-3) resulting of an intensive vegetables cultivation, which have high demand by P. The highest total (127.4 t ha-1) and commercial (108.6 t ha-1) yields were obtained with 413.9 and 384 kg ha-1 P2O5, respectively. The results showed that pH of tomato juice, the percentages of green, red, and commercial fruits were not influenced by the applied P rates. However, nutrient delivery increased the soluble solids content up to 356 kg ha-1 P2O5, which is interesting for tomato processing. After harvesting the fruits, the available soil P content was increased with P supply to the plants. For improvement of commercial yield and soluble solids characteristics, the tomato crop shall be fertilised with P even though the soil has high P content.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document