scholarly journals Two point deterministic model for acquisition of in vitro pollen grain androgenetic capacity based on wheat studies

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Ferrari Grando ◽  
Maria Irene B. de Moraes-Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Switch Point ◽  
Pollen Stage

This article discusses, from the standpoint of cellular biology, the deterministic and indeterministic androgenesis theories. The role of the vacuole and of various types of stresses on deviation of the microspore from normal development and the point where androgenetic competence is acquired are examined. Based on extensive literature review and data on wheat studies from our laboratory, a model for androgenetic capacity of pollen grain is proposed. A two point deterministic model for in vitro androgenesis is our proposal for acquisition of androgenetic potential of the pollen grain: the first switch point would be early meiosis and the second switch point the uninucleate pollen stage, because the elimination of cytoplasmatic sporophytic determinants takes place at those two strategic moments. Any abnormality in this process allowing the maintenance of sporophytic informational molecules results in the absence of establishment of a gametophytic program, allowing the reactivation of the embryogenic process

scholarly journals Marketing Ethics and Relationship Marketing - An Empirical Study that Measure the Effect of Ethics Practices Application on Maintaining Relationships with Customers

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Alshurideh ◽  
B. H. Al Kurdi ◽  
Anu Vij ◽  
Zaid Obiedat ◽  
Abdallah Naser
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Marketing Ethics ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Telecommunication Sector ◽  
Ethical Practices

<p>The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of ethics embedded practices on maintaining long-term relationships with customers. Based on an extensive literature review, four elements of marketing ethics, namely, honesty, autonomy, privacy and transparency were identified and examined by utilizing a sample of 360 participants. Adopting a quantitative approach, the study conducted on telecommunication sector subscribers revealed that the elements of marketing ethics affected an organization’s ability of maintaining long-term relationships with customers and had a strong influence on feedback, transparency and privacy. The results also showed the crucial role of generating feedback from customers for creating and maintaining long-term relationships. The results will enable marketers to not only analyze the importance of adopting ethical practices in their strategies but also the relative relevance of these practices as perceived by customers.</p>

scholarly journals The infinite possibilities of RNA therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn C Mollocana-Lara ◽  
Ming Ni ◽  
Spiros N Agathos ◽  
Fernando A Gonzales-Zubiate
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
New Era ◽  
Final Point ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
General Aspects

Abstract Although the study of ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics started decades ago, for many years, this field of research was overshadowed by the growing interest in DNA-based therapies. Nowadays, the role of several types of RNA in cell regulation processes and the development of various diseases have been elucidated, and research in RNA therapeutics is back with force. This short literature review aims to present general aspects of many of the molecules currently used in RNA therapeutics, including in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT mRNA), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), aptamers, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). In addition, we describe the state of the art of technologies applied for synthetic RNA manufacture and delivery. Likewise, we detail the RNA-based therapies approved by the FDA so far, as well as the ongoing clinical investigations. As a final point, we highlight the current and potential advantages of working on RNA-based therapeutics and how these could lead to a new era of accessible and personalized healthcare.

scholarly journals Role of kinase-independent and -dependent functions of FAK in endothelial cell survival and barrier function during embryonic development

2010 ◽  
Vol 189 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Zhao ◽  
Xu Peng ◽  
Shaogang Sun ◽  
Ann Y.J. Park ◽  
Jun-Lin Guan
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Vascular Development ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cadherin ◽  
Abnormal Distribution ◽  
Endothelial Cell Survival ◽  
Independent Functions

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is essential for vascular development as endothelial cell (EC)–specific knockout of FAK (conditional FAK knockout [CFKO] mice) leads to embryonic lethality. In this study, we report the differential kinase-independent and -dependent functions of FAK in vascular development by creating and analyzing an EC-specific FAK kinase-defective (KD) mutant knockin (conditional FAK knockin [CFKI]) mouse model. CFKI embryos showed apparently normal development through embryonic day (E) 13.5, whereas the majority of CFKO embryos died at the same stage. Expression of KD FAK reversed increased EC apoptosis observed with FAK deletion in embryos and in vitro through suppression of up-regulated p21. However, vessel dilation and defective angiogenesis of CFKO embryos were not rescued in CFKI embryos. ECs without FAK or expressing KD FAK showed increased permeability, abnormal distribution of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), and reduced VE-cadherin Y658 phosphorylation. Together, our data suggest that kinase-independent functions of FAK can support EC survival in vascular development through E13.5 but are insufficient for maintaining EC function to allow for completion of embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Wnt/β-Catenin–Promoted Macrophage Alternative Activation Contributes to Kidney Fibrosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Feng ◽  
Jiafa Ren ◽  
Yuan Gui ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Bingyan Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Alternative Activation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Kidney Fibrosis ◽  
Ureter Obstruction ◽  
M2 Polarization ◽  
Macrophage Accumulation

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is crucial in normal development and throughout life, but aberrant activation of this pathway has been linked to kidney fibrosis, although the mechanisms involved remain incompletely determined. Here, we investigated the role of Wnt/β-catenin in regulating macrophage activation and the contribution thereof to kidney fibrosis. Treatment of macrophages with Wnt3a exacerbated IL-4– or TGFβ1-induced macrophage alternative (M2) polarization and the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3 in vitro. Conversely, inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling prevented these IL-4– or TGFβ1-induced processes. In a mouse model, induced deletion of β-catenin in macrophages attenuated the fibrosis, macrophage accumulation, and M2 polarization observed in the kidneys of wild-type littermates after unilateral ureter obstruction. This study shows that activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes kidney fibrosis by stimulating macrophage M2 polarization.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Emerging Nosocomial Wickerhamomyces anomalus Infections at a Chinese Tertiary Teaching Hospital and a Systemic Review: Clinical Manifestations, Risk Factors, Treatment, Outcomes, and Anti-fungal Susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Meng Xiao ◽  
Amir Arastehfar ◽  
Macit Ilkit ◽  
Jun Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Wickerhamomyces Anomalus ◽  
Tertiary Teaching

Wickerhamomyces anomalus is an emerging pathogen, which has been associated with clonal outbreaks and poor clinical outcomes. Despite being an important emerging yeasts species, our understanding concerning the microbiological and clinical characteristics of infections due to this species is limited. Herein, we are reporting a retrospective analysis of fungemia patients with W. anomalus from a 2,100-bed hospital in Shanghai during 2014–2016. Moreover, we conducted an extensive literature review to gain a deeper clinical and microbiological insights. Detailed clinical data were recorded. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) followed CLSI M27-A3, and isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF MS. In total, 13 patients were identified with a mortality rate of 38.5% (5/13). Central venous catheter (CVC), broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), surgery, and mechanical ventilation were the most frequently observed risk factors. Eight patients (61.5%) experienced mixed bacterial/Candida bloodstream infections, and four patients developed mixed candidemia (MC). W. anomalus isolates showed high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against all azoles tested and flucytosine, while AMB showed the highest in vitro activity. Azoles were used for 84.6% (11/13) of the cases, while 36.4% (4/11) of them died. When combining with the AFST data and the literature review, our study highlights the poor efficacy of azoles and optimal efficacy of AMB and LAMB against infections caused by W. anomalus. In conclusion, our study highlights the emerging threat of W. anomalus affecting both neonates and adults. Furthermore, our results advocate the use of AMB formulations rather than azoles among patients infected with W. anomalus. Future studies are warranted to reach a definitive consensus regarding the utility of echinocandins among such patients.

Are Excipients Really Inert Ingredients? A Review of Adverse Reactions to Excipients in Oral Dermatologic Medications in Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Noiles ◽  
Ronald Vender
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Reference Guide ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Inert Ingredients

Background: Whereas several literature reviews have discussed the role of excipients in drug-related reactions, no article has focused specifically on those found in oral dermatologic medications. Methods: The Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties (CPS) was used to reference the inert ingredients found in oral dermatologic medications. An extensive literature review was subsequently conducted using PubMed and MEDLINE to document adverse reactions to these excipients. Results: Sixty-three oral dermatologie medications were reviewed. Lactose was commonly used as a filler. Several medications indicated that they were dye, tartrazine, or gluten free. Three medications were found to contain soybean oil and one was found to contain peanut oil. Conclusions: Although there are documented reactions to excipients in other products in the literature, few reports outline reactions to excipients in oral dermatologie medications. Whether this low frequency is accurate or whether it is due to a lack of reporting remains unknown. If the latter reasoning is correct, dermatologists must be more aware of these possible reactions. This article serves as a reference guide for dermatologists to aid in prescribing medications to individuals with known sensitivities and to assist in working up patients with suspected reactions to inert ingredients.

scholarly journals The Older Worker: Identifying a Critical Research Agenda

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Taylor ◽  
Wendy Loretto ◽  
Victor Marshall ◽  
Catherine Earl ◽  
Christopher Phillipson
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Older Worker ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Starting Point

The roles that older workers play in labour markets has received a great deal of policy and academic scrutiny in response to economic crises and demographic change. As a starting point, this focus has paradoxically resulted in insufficient attention to older workers themselves. The article is thus concerned with refocusing the agenda for research onto the older worker. Building on an extensive literature review, four gaps in knowledge are identified: who might be researched; what the focus of that research might be; the role of theory informing the research; and how the research might be conducted. The article identifies a particular need for research on ‘work’ as opposed to ‘retirement’ and how the changing nature of work may influence future patterns of later life labour market engagement and retirement. It is argued that better public policy will result from more critical and socially embedded research that recognises the heterogeneity of ‘older workers’ and their motivations.

scholarly journals Role of Internet of Things (IoT) and Crowdsourcing in Smart City Projects

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1276-1292
Author(s):  
Isam Shahrour ◽  
Xiongyao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
City Development ◽  
Mobile Crowdsourcing ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This paper presents and discusses the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) and crowdsourcing in constructing smart cities. The literature review shows an important and increasing concern of the scientific community for these three issues and their association as support for urban development. Based on an extensive literature review, the paper first presents the smart city concept, emphasizing smart city architecture and the role of data in smart city solutions. The second part presents the Internet of Things, focusing on IoT technology, the use of IoT in smart city applications, and security. Finally, the paper presents crowdsourcing with particular attention to mobile crowdsourcing and its role in smart cities. The paper shows that IoT and crowdsourcing have a crucial role in two fundamental layers of smart city applications, namely, the data collection and services layers. Since these two layers ensure the connection between the physical and digital worlds, they constitute the central pillars of smart city projects. The literature review also shows that the smart city development still requires stronger cooperation between the smart city technology-centered research, mainly based on the IoT, and the smart city citizens-centered research, mainly based on crowdsourcing. This cooperation could beneficiate in recent developments in the field of crowdsensing that combines IoT and crowdsourcing.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Agen Pendeplesi GSH pada Sitotoksisitas Cisplatin terhadap Sel Kanker: Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Elisa Tri Oktaviyana ◽  
Wahyu Utami
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Head Neck Cancer ◽  
Chemotherapy Agent ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Inactive Metabolite ◽  
Optimal Effect

Cisplatin is one of chemotherapy agent for long cancer, ovarium cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, head-neck cancer. However, in the fact, the role of cisplatin does not always provide an optimal effect because it often appears cancer cell resistance phenomenon to cisplatin. This resistance condition occurs partly due to the inactive metabolite cause of conjugation reaction between cisplatin and GSH in cancer cells. Therefore, gluthathione (GSH) has an important role in controlling cisplatin resistance. This study aims to analyze some combination of cisplatin and the depletion agent of gluthathione (GSH) as a support for cisplatin activity in several types of cancer cells within in vitro scope. This study is prepared using systematic literature review method. Library search were carried out on two accredited international journals databases, namely PubMed and Science Direct with interval years of publication in 2011-2020. From 10 selected journals, it was shown that the use of GSH depletion agents could enhance the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin. This was analyzed based on data of the number measured GSH cells and the number of living cells (% cell viability) which gave a significant decrease. The result of research are expected to be able to provide information for the development of therapeutic agents on cisplatin as chemotherapy.

scholarly journals RAB43 facilitates cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens by CD8α+ dendritic cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 213 (13) ◽  
pp. 2871-2883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Kretzer ◽  
Derek J. Theisen ◽  
Roxane Tussiwand ◽  
Carlos G. Briseño ◽  
Gary E. Grajales-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Specific Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cross Presentation ◽  
Conditional Deletion ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vesicles ◽  
Antigen Presenting

In this study, to examine cross-presentation by classical dendritic cells (DCs; cDCs), we evaluated the role of RAB43, a protein found to be selectively expressed by Batf3-dependent CD8α+ and CD103+ compared with other DC subsets and immune lineages. Using a specific monoclonal antibody, we localized RAB43 expression to the Golgi apparatus and LAMP1− cytoplasmic vesicles. Mice with germline or conditional deletion of Rab43 are viable and fertile and have normal development of cDCs but show a defect for in vivo and in vitro cross-presentation of cell-associated antigen. This defect is specific to cDCs, as Rab43-deficient monocyte-derived DCs showed no defect in cross-presentation of cell-associated antigen. These results suggest that RAB43 provides a specialized activity used in cross-presentation selectively by CD8α+ DCs but not other antigen-presenting cells.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document