scholarly journals Brazilian business cycles and growth from 1850 to 2000

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eurilton Araújo ◽  
Luciane Carpena ◽  
Alexandre B. Cunha
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Business Cycles ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Capita Output

We study the cyclical and growth properties of Brazilian per capita output from 1850 to 2000. We find that, contrary to some developed countries, Brazil did not experience large changes in the volatility of per capita output. However, we obtained evidence that the oscillations in economic activity became more persistent after World War II.

Economic Development and Institutional Change, 1950–1980

2018 ◽  
pp. 222-244
Author(s):  
Şevket Pamuk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
World War ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Gdp Gap

This chapter explores how the decades after World War II were a period of rapid growth for Turkey. Despite the crises in the mid-1950s and in the second half of the 1970s, GDP per capita increased at an average annual rate above three percent and more than doubled during the period 1950–1980. These rates of growth were unprecedented for Turkey. The long-term rates of growth achieved in Turkey after World War II were roughly comparable to the averages for both the developed countries and developing countries as a whole. As a result, the per capita GDP gap between Turkey and the developed countries changed little during this period.

The Record of Economic Growth, Business Cycles, and Economic Policies in American Economic History

2018 ◽  
pp. 224-257
Author(s):  
Lee Ohanian
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Business Cycles ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Long Run

This chapter documents and analyzes the American historical economic record of growth and business cycles within the context of long-run and short-run economic policy changes. The United States is unique among all of the developed countries in terms of having a sustained and fairly stable record of economic growth. Given the large changes in various policies that have occurred over time, this record suggests that policy shifts have had almost no impact on the growth rate over the very long run. However, policy changes have had a significant impact on economic activity over shorter horizons, including the Great Depression and World War II. This chapter also argues that microeconomic policies, such as regulatory policies, tax policies, and labor policies, have had as much of an impact on aggregate economic activity as macroeconomic policies, such as monetary policy and government spending and transfer policies

Indifferent Sanctuary: German-Speaking Refugees and Exiles in Argentina, 1933-1945

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Newton
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Total Population ◽  
World War ◽  
European Origin ◽  
World Crisis ◽  
Jewish Refugees ◽  
The World ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Almost All

Between 1933 and the end of World War II, Argentina became the home of some 43,000 Jewish refugees from Nazism, almost all of them of German, Austrian, or West European origin. Measured against the country's total population, 13 million in 1931, 16 million according to the 1947 census, Argentina received more Jewish refugees per capita than any other country in the world except Palestine (Wasserstein, 1979: 7,45). This did not occur by design of the Argentine government; on the contrary, its immigration policies became interestingly restrictive as the years of the world crisis wore on.In practice, however, Argentina was unable to patrol effectively its long borders with the neighboring republics of Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, and Uruguay. The overseas consuls of these nations, especially the first three, did a brisk and lucrative trade in visas and entry permits for persons desperate to escape the Nazi terror.

Boom-or-Bust Commodities and Industrialization in Pre–World War II Malaya

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1074-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Huff
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
World War ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
Pre World War Ii

This article links the terms of trade, money supply, labor market, and money and credit markets to explore a puzzle in Malayan economic history: why, despite rapid growth and high per capita income, did pre–World War II Malaya industrialize so little? A range of data is drawn together to show how for Malayan manufacturers economic boom was accompanied by precipitate deterioration in the real exchange rate, while in a slump credit contracted sharply and with it the size of the Malayan market for manufactures. Analysis of Malayan experience may be relevant for understanding slight industrialization elsewhere in Southeast Asia.

Economic Conditions and the Presidential Vote

1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Erikson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
World War ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Income Change ◽  
National Election Study ◽  
Per Capita

This analysis demonstrates that the relative growth of per capita income change is an important determinant of post-World War II presidential election outcomes. Per capita income change is even a better predictor of presidential election outcomes than the electorate's relative attraction to the Democratic and Republican candidates as calibrated in National Election Study surveys. The significance of this finding is discussed.

The Demographic Transition in the Middle East and North Africa

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Allman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
World War ◽  
Per Capita

Is there indeed a new or renewed demographic transition? The evidence suggests that there is. A rapidly growing number of countries of diverse cultural background have entered the natality transition since World War II and after a 25-year lapse in such entries. In these countries the transition is moving much faster than it did in Europe. This is probably related to the fact that progress in general is moving much faster in such matters as urbanization, education, health, communication, and often per capita income.

Economic Concentration and Monopoly in Japan—A Second View

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Rotwein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Total Output ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
Economic Achievement ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Concentration ◽  
The Impact

In the period since the end of World War II, the Japanese economic achievement has been of prodigious proportions. During this period, its growth rate—an average of almost 10% in GNP per year—has been the highest in the world. Japan has become the third-ranking industrial nation and its world standing, in terms of per capita GNP, has risen from fortieth in the early 1950s to twelfth at the present time. Growth so sweeping and rapid inevitably has brought a multitude of changes, not least in the composition of total output. At a highly accelerated rate, industries have declined, others have blossomed, new industries have appeared, and the importance of various sectors of the economy has changed. Amidst the continuing adjustments and readjustments, it is of interest to consider the nature of the impact on Japanese industrial organization. More specifically, what has been the effect on economic concentration and monopoly in Japan?

Food and Agriculture Organization

1956 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-476 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
World War ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Right

The eighth session of the Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was held in Rome from November 4 through 25, 1955 under the chairmanship of the Right Honorable K. J. Holyoake (New Zealand). The Conference had accepted the proposals submitted by the FAO Council on the organization of the eighth session, and consequently established various commissions to deal with agenda items pertaining to program trends and policy questions in food and agriculture, constitutional and legal questions, and administrative and financial questions. During its discussion of the world food and agricultural situation, the Conference noted that world per capita agricultural production, which had decreased by ten to fifteen percent at the end of World War II, had regained its pre-war level in spite of an increase of nearly 25 percent in population. However, agricultural production had increased more rapidly in advanced countries than in economically under-developed ones, so that per capita production in Asia and Latin America was still below pre-war levels, while surpluses had built up in the more advanced countries. The Conference felt that this situation was due to a failure to expand effective demand for farm products as rapidly as technical developments made it possible to expand production. Although the Conference noted that surplus agricultural commodities had increased more slowly in 1954–1955 than in the two preceding years, it felt that this had been due at least as much to poor crops in some countries as to increased consumption or to a planned reduction of output.

scholarly journals Why Nations Fail? (Keynote Video Lecture)

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4I-II) ◽  
pp. 301-312
Author(s):  
Daron Acemoglu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
World War ◽  
Great Pleasure ◽  
Video Lecture ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
End Of The World

First of all, it is a great pleasure to be here. Thank you for inviting me. Given that communicating from a far is not the easiest thing to do, what I have decided to do is to give a quick overview of the arguments that have emerged from the book that James and I wrote. In fact, this book is a synthesis of about 16 years of research that James and I did. I think it is fair to say that a lot of economic development and economic growth is motivated by patterns that are reported in the book. In particular, this is data from Angus Madison’s life’s work, which is not entirely uncontroversial, but the overall pattern here is fairly uncontroversial. The patterns that we observe have actually been in the background of many attempts to understand long patterns of economic development. I think they also point out that it is going to be very difficult to understand why certain parts of the world that were either on par with, say, Asia, in particular the Indian Subcontinent and China, have increased their income per capita and their prosperity so much in 500 years leading to today, particularly from the period around early 1800s to essentially to the end of the World War II, where there is this big divergence taking place. The trends in economic development show that United States of America, Canada, New Zealand and Australia have pulled so much ahead of, say, Asia, where both India, the Indian Subcontinent in this case, and China more or less show the same picture, where there is not much growth going on until the end of the World War II.

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