Sleeping sites of woolly mouse opossum Micoureus demerarae (Thomas) (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil

Micoureus demerarae (Thomas, 1905) is a medium-sized marsupial, around 130 g, with a nocturnal habit and insectivorous-omnivorous diet. From August 2001 to July 2002, seven individuals, three males and four females, were monitored with radio-telemetry in Reserva Biológica União, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, aiming to investigate and describe the sleeping sites used by this marsupial. Fifty eight sleeping sites were located, most of which (70,7%) in palm trees Astrocaryum aculeatissimum (Schott) Burret, and the remaining in other tree species (29,3%), a significant difference (chi2 test; p < 0.005). The preference for this palm tree was not different between sexes (chi2 test; p = 0.920). It was possible to locate the exact place where the animal was hiding in 31 sleeping sites (53.4% of total) in palm trees the animals were always in the junction point of petioles and tree trunks, at an average height of 4.66 ± 1.36 m, while in the remaining tree species, seven individuals were in liana tangles and two in tree holes, at an average height of 10.67 ± 2.75 m. This height difference was significant (Mann Whitney test; p < 0.001). Results indicate that palm trees are important resources for M. demerarae. The observed preference for A. aculeatissimum is probably due to higher protection against predators made by the numerous spines of this palm tree species.

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Seleksi dan Hibridisasi Lontar [Selection and Hybridization of Palmyra]

Buletin Palma ◽

10.21082/bp.v21n1.2020.38-46 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Meity Tulalo ◽

Sukmawati Mawardi ◽

Nyoman Mahayasa ◽

Fransiskus Xaverius Wagiman ◽

Hengky Novarianto

Keyword(s):

Research Method ◽

Female Parent ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Average Height ◽

Dry Land ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Tree Fruit ◽

Male Flowers ◽

Female Flowers ◽

Selection Of

Palmyra palm (Borassus flaballifer, L) is a specific crop in dry climate dry land. The purpose of this research is to select the male and female parent Palmyra trees, hybridization, germination and nursery of Palmyra hybrids. The research was carried out on Sabu Island, Sabu Raijua Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province from 2017 to 2018. The research method was carried out by determining the population of lontar, followed by selection of female and male palm trees, experiments on collecting male flowers and pollen processing on male Palmyra trees. In the female palm tree, fruit bunches are selected that have not been receptive, when receptive and hybridization until the fruit is physiologically ripe, the pollination is controlled using a spout. The results of the selection of the parent palm trees obtained 28 selected parent trees female Palmyra and 12 selected parent trees male Palmyra. The average height of female selected parent trees is 6.67 m and male selected parent trees are 5.08 m. The observations found that the diversity of the number of female flowers between 9-35 fruits/bunches The percentage of fruit so this artificial cross is 54.90%. Mature fruits ready-to-harvest are obtained around 5-6 months after pollination. As many as 77.20% of the hybrid Palmyra palm seeds that are germinated grow and are ready to be planted at 7 months after germination. ABSTRAKTanaman lontar (Borassus flaballifer, L) merupakan tanaman spesifik di lahan kering iklim kering. Tujuan penelitian adalah melakukan seleksi pohon induk lontar jantan dan betina, melakukan hibridisasi, perkecambahan dan pembibitan lontar Hibrida. Penelitian dilaksanakan di pulau Sabu, Kabupaten Sabu Raijua, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur sejak tahun 2017 sampai 2018. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan menetapkan populasi lontar, seleksi pohon induk lontar betina dan jantan dilanjutkan dengan pengumpulan bunga jantan serta prosesing polen. Pada pohon lontar betina dilakukan seleksi tandan buah yang belum reseptif, saat reseptif dan hibridisasi sampai buah matang fisiologis melalui penyerbukan secara terkontrol menggunakan kerodong. Hasil seleksi pohon induk lontar diperoleh 28 pohon induk terpilih (PIT) lontar betina dan 12 pohon induk terpilih (PIT) lontar jantan. Rata-rata tinggi pohon induk terpilih betina yaitu 6,67 m dan pohon induk terpilih jantan 5,08 m. Hasil pengamatan ditemukan keragaman jumlah bunga betina antara 9-35 buah/tandan. Persentase buah jadi persilangan buatan ini adalah 54,90%. Buah matang siap panen diperoleh sekitar 5-6 bulan sejak polinasi. Sebanyak 77,20% dari benih Lontar hibrida yang dikecambahkan tumbuh dan siap ditanam pada umur 7 bulan setelah dikecambahkan.

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Survey and identification of palm tree species at some ornamental plant stores and nurseries in Ho Chi Minh City and using palm trees in garden design

The Journal of Agriculture and Development ◽

10.52997/jad.6.04.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (04) ◽

pp. 43-52

Author(s):

Tien. T. M. Duong

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Comparison Method ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Species Classification ◽

Morphological Comparison ◽

Garden Design ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Palm Species

The study was conducted from June to September 2020 in Ho Chi Minh City. This research aimed to identify the palm species and incorporate them into the garden design. To investigate the species, 85 ornamental plant stores and nurseries were surveyed in Go Vap district, District 7 and at Highway 22. Then, morphological comparison method was used for plant species classification. According to the analyses, this region had 25 species belonging to 22 genera in the Arecaceae family. Twenty two of the 25 species surveyed were imported and 03 being native to the area. The majority (68%) was solitary-stemmed palms, with the remaining 08 species having clustered trunks (32%). To incorporate palm trees into the garden design, Sketch-up, Lumion, and Photoshop software were used.

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Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) associated with palm trees

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1389.1.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1389 (1) ◽

pp. 1-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

DENISE NAVIA ◽

MANOEL G.C. GONDUM JUNIOR ◽

GILBERTO J. DE MORAES

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Tree Species ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

Original Data ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

Eriophyoid Mites ◽

The World

Information is presented on eriophyoid mites found on palm trees worldwide by different authors, including original data from a recent survey conducted in Brazil, Costa Rica and Mexico. For each species, information on synonymy, locations where it was found on palm trees, palm hosts, and damage are included. Sixty-two eriophyoid species from 31 genera, associated with 54 palm tree species from 25 genera, are listed. A dichotomous key is provided to help in the separation of the reported mites. Four eriophyoid species are reported on palm trees in Europe; 6 in Africa; 17 in Asia, Pacific Islands and Australia; and 40 in the Americas. Four of the reported species belong to Diptilomiopidae, 44 to Eriophyidae and 14 to Phytoptidae. The need for further studies on these mites around the world is discussed.

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Mapping Single Palm-Trees Species in Forest Environments with a Deep Convolutional Neural Network

10.20944/preprints202103.0220.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Luciene Sales Dagher Arce ◽

Mauro dos Santos de Arruda ◽

Danielle Elis Garcia Furuya ◽

Lucas Prado Osco ◽

Ana Paula Marques Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Convolutional Neural Network ◽

Tree Species ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Forest Environment ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Rgb Images

Accurately mapping individual tree species in densely forested environments is crucial to forest inventory. When considering only RGB images, this is a challenging task for many automatic photogrammetry processes. The main reason for that is the spectral similarity between species in RGB scenes, which can be a hindrance for most automatic methods. State-of-the-art deep learning methods could be capable of identifying tree species with an attractive cost, accuracy, and computational load in RGB images. This paper presents a deep learning-based approach to detect an important multi-use species of palm trees (Mauritia flexuosa; i.e., Buriti) on aerial RGB imagery. In South-America, this palm tree is essential for many indigenous and local communities because of its characteristics. The species is also a valuable indicator of water resources, which comes as a benefit for mapping its location. The method is based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to identify and geolocate singular tree species in a high-complexity forest environment, and considers the likelihood of every pixel in the image to be recognized as a possible tree by implementing a confidence map feature extraction. This study compares the performance of the proposed method against state-of-the-art object detection networks. For this, images from a dataset composed of 1,394 airborne scenes, where 5,334 palm-trees were manually labeled, were used. The results returned a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.75 trees and an F1-measure of 86.9%. These results are better than both Faster R-CNN and RetinaNet considering equal experiment conditions. The proposed network provided fast solutions to detect the palm trees, with a delivered image detection of 0.073 seconds and a standard deviation of 0.002 using the GPU. In conclusion, the method presented is efficient to deal with a high-density forest scenario and can accurately map the location of single species like the M flexuosa palm tree and may be useful for future frameworks.

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Mauritia flexuosa palm trees airborne mapping with deep convolutional neural network

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98522-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Luciene Sales Dagher Arce ◽

Lucas Prado Osco ◽

Mauro dos Santos de Arruda ◽

Danielle Elis Garcia Furuya ◽

Ana Paula Marques Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Convolutional Neural Network ◽

Tree Species ◽

Single Species ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Forest Environment ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Mauritia Flexuosa

AbstractAccurately mapping individual tree species in densely forested environments is crucial to forest inventory. When considering only RGB images, this is a challenging task for many automatic photogrammetry processes. The main reason for that is the spectral similarity between species in RGB scenes, which can be a hindrance for most automatic methods. This paper presents a deep learning-based approach to detect an important multi-use species of palm trees (Mauritia flexuosa; i.e., Buriti) on aerial RGB imagery. In South-America, this palm tree is essential for many indigenous and local communities because of its characteristics. The species is also a valuable indicator of water resources, which comes as a benefit for mapping its location. The method is based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to identify and geolocate singular tree species in a high-complexity forest environment. The results returned a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.75 trees and an F1-measure of 86.9%. These results are better than Faster R-CNN and RetinaNet methods considering equal experiment conditions. In conclusion, the method presented is efficient to deal with a high-density forest scenario and can accurately map the location of single species like the M. flexuosa palm tree and may be useful for future frameworks.

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Spatial Distribution of Tibraca limbativentris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Babassou Palms

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v9i2.18739 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 537

Author(s):

Elizabeth Araújo Costa ◽

Raimunda Nonata Santos Lemos ◽

Keneson Klay Gonçalves Machado ◽

Gislane Da Silva Lopes ◽

Janaina Marques Mondego ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Gaussian Model ◽

Spatial Arrangement ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Monthly Basis ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Significant Difference

The babassou plant (Attalea speciosa Mart. Ex. Spreng, Arecaceae) is an important palm tree in the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. This plant is the main arboreal component in extensive geographical areas including agricultural areas. However, limited research studies exist on its role as an alternative pest host in this region. This study investigated the occurrence of Tibraca limbativentris Stal (1860) in young babassou palm trees, the effect of abiotic factors (temperature, solar radiation and rainfall) on the number of T. limbativentris adults and postures, and this insect’s spatial arrangement during the rice crop off-season. The research team inspected young babassou plants on a monthly basis in 2012 and 2013 to collect and quantify postures and adults. They collected a total of 1418 live adults, 13 dead and ten postures of T. limbativentris. There was a significant difference between the first and the other collections of live adults carried out in 2012 and 2013. Abiotic factors including rainfall, temperature and solar radiation, had no influence on the number of adults (alive and dead) and postures. The semivariogram adjusted to the Gaussian model showed that in 2013, the spatial distribution of living adults, that had an aggregate pattern, was highly dependent on the season. However, in 2012 there was a pure nugget effect. These results imply that young babassou plants are alternative T. limbativentris hosts.

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Effects of soils and topography on the distribution of tree species in a tropical riverine forest in south-eastern Brazil

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467400008178 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 483-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Ary T. Oliveira-Filho ◽

Enivanis A. Vilela ◽

Douglas A. Carvalho ◽

Manuel L. Gavilanes

Keyword(s):

Species Distribution ◽

Tree Species ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Growth Strategy ◽

Outer Side ◽

Forest Sector ◽

South Eastern ◽

Riverine Forest ◽

Eastern Brazil ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACTThe relationships between soil properties, topography and tree species distribution were analysed in a tropical riverine forest at the margins of the Rio Grande, in Bom Sucesso, state of Minas Gerais, south-eastern Brazil. The forest was sampled by three 0.18 ha plots, with each plot made up of eight contiguous 15 m X 15 m quadrats, four of which were placed at the river margin and the remaining four in the forest interior. A canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the species' density distribution was significantly correlated with some soil chemical characteristics and topographical features. The soils of the three sample plots showed statistically significant differences for the levels of Ca, Mg, K and pH, with the fertility (expressed by the cation exchange capacity) increasing from Plot I to Plot III. These variations were mainly explained by the first canonical axis while the second was strongly correlated with topographical variables, separating the quadrats into two groups: those of the higher and steeper sites from those of the lower sites. The only soil property that was significantly different in lower and upper sites was the concentration of phosphorus. No significant difference in tree species distribution was found between river margin and interior quadrats, certainly because this forest sector lies on the outer side of a curve of the river where erosion is currently building high and steep river banks and forcing the forest to retreat. A tentative ecological classification of the 30 most abundant species according to their habitat preference in terms of soil fertility and topographical sites, and to their growth strategy in the forest dynamics, is presented. It is suggested that these factors play an important role in promoting the coexistence of tree species in this type of forest.

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Mauritia Flexuosa Palm-Trees Airborne Mapping with Deep Convolutional Neural Network

10.21203/rs.3.rs-374682/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Luciene Sales Daguer Arce ◽

Lucas Prado Osco ◽

Mauro dos Santos Arruda ◽

Danielle Ellis Garcia Furuya ◽

Ana Paula Marques Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Convolutional Neural Network ◽

Tree Species ◽

Single Species ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Forest Environment ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Mauritia Flexuosa

Abstract Accurately mapping individual tree species in densely forested environments is crucial to forest inventory. When considering only RGB images, this is a challenging task for many automatic photogrammetry processes. The main reason for that is the spectral similarity between species in RGB scenes, which can be a hindrance for most automatic methods. This paper presents a deep learning-based approach to detect an important multi-use species of palm trees (Mauritia flexuosa; i.e., Buriti) on aerial RGB imagery. In South-America, this palm tree is essential for many indigenous and local communities because of its characteristics. The species is also a valuable indicator of water resources, which comes as a benefit for mapping its location. The method is based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to identify and geolocate singular tree species in a high-complexity forest environment. The results returned a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.75 trees and an F1-measure of 86.9%. These results are better than Faster R-CNN and RetinaNet methods considering equal experiment conditions. In conclusion, the method presented is efficient to deal with a high-density forest scenario and can accurately map the location of single species like the M flexuosa palm tree and may be useful for future frameworks.

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The composition and diversity of natural regeneration of tree species in gaps under different intensities of forest disturbance

Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1007/s11676-020-01269-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maame Esi Hammond ◽

Radek Pokorný ◽

Daniel Okae-Anti ◽

Augustine Gyedu ◽

Irene Otwuwa Obeng

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Forest Disturbance ◽

Forest Site ◽

Gap Formation ◽

Tree Species Composition ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Shade Tolerant Species ◽

Disturbed Forest

AbstractThe positive ecological interaction between gap formation and natural regeneration has been examined but little research has been carried out on the effects of gaps on natural regeneration in forests under different intensities of disturbance. This study evaluates the composition, diversity, regeneration density and abundance of natural regeneration of tree species in gaps in undisturbed, intermittently disturbed, and disturbed forest sites. Bia Tano Forest Reserve in Ghana was the study area and three gaps each were selected in the three forest site categories. Ten circular subsampling areas of 1 m2 were delineated at 2 m spacing along north, south, east, and west transects within individual gaps. Data on natural regeneration < 350 cm height were gathered. The results show that the intensity of disturbance was disproportional to gap size. Species diversity differed significantly between undisturbed and disturbed sites and, also between intermittently disturbed and disturbed sites for Simpson’s (1-D), Equitability (J), and Berger–Parker (B–P) indices. However, there was no significant difference among forest sites for Shannon diversity (H) and Margalef richness (MI) indices. Tree species composition on the sites differed. Regeneration density on the disturbed site was significantly higher than on the two other sites. Greater abundance and density of shade-dependent species on all sites identified them as opportunistic replacements of gap-dependent pioneers. Pioneer species giving way to shade tolerant species is a natural process, thus make them worst variant in gap regeneration.

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Differential impact of liana colonization on the leaf functional traits of co-occurring deciduous and evergreen trees

10.21203/rs.3.rs-760614/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

vivek pandi ◽

Kanda Naveen Babu

Keyword(s):

Functional Traits ◽

Tree Species ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Differential Impact ◽

Deciduous Species ◽

Evergreen Species ◽

Leaf Functional Traits ◽

Leaf Trait ◽

Host Trees ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract The present study was carried out to analyse the leaf functional traits of co-occurring evergreen and deciduous tree species in a tropical dry scrub forest. This study also intended to check whether the species with contrasting leaf habits differ in their leaf trait plasticity, responding to the canopy-infestation by lianas. A total of 12 leaf functional traits were studied for eight tree species with contrasting leaf habits (evergreen and deciduous) and liana-colonization status (Liana+ and Liana−). In the liana-free environment (L−), evergreen trees had significantly higher specific leaf mass (LMA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) than the deciduous species. Whereas, the deciduous trees had higher specific leaf area (SLA) and mass-based leaf nitrogen concentration (Nmass). The leaf trait-pair relationship in the present study agreed to the well-established global trait-pair relationships (SLA Vs Nmass, Lth Vs SLA, Nmass Vs Lth, Nmass Vs LDMC, LDMC Vs SLA). There was no significant difference between L+ and L− individuals in any leaf functional traits studied in the deciduous species. However, evergreen species showed marked differences in the total chlorophyll content (Chlt), chlorophyll b (Chlb), SLA, and LMA between L+ and L− individuals of the same species. Deciduous species with the acquisitive strategy can have a competitive advantage over evergreen species in the exposed environment (L−) whereas, evergreen species with shade-tolerant properties were better acclimated to the shaded environments (L+). The result revealed the patterns of convergence and divergence in some of the leaf functional traits between evergreen and deciduous species. The results also showed the differential impact of liana colonization on the host trees with contrasting leaf habits. Therefore, liana colonization can significantly impact the C-fixation strategies of the host trees by altering their light environment. Further, the magnitude of such impact may vary among species of different leaf habits. The increased proliferation of lianas in the tropical forest canopies may pose a severe threat to the whole forest carbon assimilation rates.

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