scholarly journals Sedative and antinociceptive effects of romifidine and xylazine in Thoroughbred mares

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Christovão ◽  
G. Zamur ◽  
M.I. Mataqueiro ◽  
A. Queiroz-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Sedative Effect ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Head Height

The sedative and antinociceptive effects of romifidine (0.1mg/kg) and of xylazine (1.0mg/kg) on Thoroughbred mares were studied. Sedation was evaluated by quantifying spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) and head height (HH) in animals placed in automated individual behaviour stalls. Antinociception was determined utilizing a heat irradiation lamp recording the latency time for the hoof withdrawal reflex (HWRL) and the latency time for the skin twitch reflex (STRL) in a randomised block design with 10 replicates. Comparison of the sedative effects of romifidine and of xylazine on SLA showed a faster effect for xylazine. Regarding the sedative effect of the substances based on HH, romifidine caused a longer-lasting effect. Romifidine caused an increase in HWRL and STRL, and xylazine, an agent known for its analgesic effect, did not have an antinociceptive effect based on STRL result. The antinociceptive effect of romifidine was more pronounced than the xylazine effect.

scholarly journals Analgesic Effects and Impairment in Locomotor Activity Induced by Cannabinoid/Opioid Combinations in Rat Models of Chronic Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alsalem ◽  
Ahmad Altarifi ◽  
Mansour Haddad ◽  
Belal Azab ◽  
Heba Kalbouneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects

Both opioids and cannabinoids have well-known antinociceptive effects in different animal models of chronic pain. However, unwanted side effects limit their use. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of combining synthetic cannabinoids with subtherapeutic doses of opioids, and to evaluate the effects of these drugs/combinations on rat’s locomotor activity. Intra-plantar injection of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) into the left hindpaw and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) were used to induce inflammatory and diabetic neuropathic pain in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively. Von Frey filaments were used to assess the antinociceptive effects of opioids (morphine and tramadol) and the synthetic cannabinoids (HU210 and WIN55212) or their combinations on CFA and STZ-induced mechanical allodynia. Open field test was used to evaluate the effect of these drugs or their combinations on locomotion. HU210 and WIN55212 did not produce significant antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain while only the maximal dose of HU210 (1 mg/kg) was effective in neuropathic pain. Only the maximal doses of morphine (3.2 mg/kg) and tramadol (10 mg/kg) had significant anti-allodynic effects in both models. Tramadol (1 mg/kg) enhanced the antinociceptive effects of WIN55212 but not HU210 in neuropathic pain with no effect on inflammatory pain. However, in open field test, the aforementioned combination did not change tramadol-induced depression of locomotion. Tramadol and WIN55212 combination produces antinociceptive effects in neuropathic but not inflammatory pain at low doses with no additional risk of locomotor impairment, which may be useful in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Mannitol Enhances the Antinociceptive Effects of Diphenhydramine as an Alternative Local Anesthetic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jo-Young Son ◽  
Jae-Seong Lim ◽  
Jae-Hyung Park ◽  
Jae-Hyeong Park ◽  
Myeong-Shin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Withdrawal Latency ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects

Mannitol has recently been reported to be effective in enhancing the antinociceptive efficacy of lidocaine. No single study to date, however, has compared diphenhydramine with and without mannitol for nociceptive processing as an alternative local anesthetic. In this study, we examined the antinociceptive efficacy enhancements of diphenhydramine when combined with mannitol. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230–260 g were used in a hot plate test to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of diphenhydramine. All chemicals were dissolved in isotonic normal saline and administered subcutaneously into the plantar surface of the right hind paw at 10 min before the hot plate test. A subcutaneous injection of 0.5% or 1% diphenhydramine produced significant inhibition of the withdrawal latency time compared with the vehicle treatment. Antinociceptive effects appeared 10 min after the diphenhydramine injections and persisted for over 30 min. The antinociceptive effects of 1% diphenhydramine were not statistically different from those of 1% lidocaine. Although a subcutaneous injection of a 0.5 M mannitol solution alone did not affect the withdrawal latency time, 1% diphenhydramine with 0.5 M mannitol significantly enhanced antinociception. A subcutaneous injection of 1% diphenhydramine with epinephrine (1 : 100,000) solution did not increase the antinociceptive effect of the diphenhydramine. These results suggest that diphenhydramine with mannitol can be used as an alternative local anesthetic.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the sedative and antinociceptive effects of levomepromazine, azaperone and midazolam in laboratory animals

2004 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Mataqueiro ◽  
F.H.F. D’Angelis ◽  
A. De-Caroli-Neto ◽  
C.A. Rossi ◽  
A. Queiroz-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Spontaneous Locomotor Activity ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Rats And Mice

The sedative and antinociceptive effects of levomepromazine, azaperone and midazolam were studied in rats and mice using three behavior evaluation methods. Both exploratory behavior and spontaneous locomotor activity were significantly diminished in a spontaneous locomotor activity test in open field when using levomepromazine and azaperone. However, the azaperone effects were short lived in comparison to levomepromazine effects. Midazolam caused reduction in exploratory activity with no effect in spontaneous locomotion. When assessing the antinociceptive effect in the tail flick reflex latency test after infliction of a pain stimulus in rats, tested drugs did not show any antinociceptive effect. The drugs studied were able to abolish the writhing reflex in mice when compared to control. Levomepromazine, azaperone and midazolam, at the doses were able to inhibit the exploratory behavior in rats, proving their sedative effect. Regarding the antinociceptive effects for visceral pain, these drugs were able to block contortions in mice.

scholarly journals Effects of Anethole in Nociception Experimental Models

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mileni Versuti Ritter ◽  
Franciele Queiroz Ames ◽  
Fernando Otani ◽  
Rubia Maria Weffort de Oliveira ◽  
Roberto Kenji Nakamura Cuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formalin Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Sedative Effect ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Illicium Verum

This study investigated the antinociceptive activity of anethole (anethole 1-methoxy-4-benzene (1-propenyl)), major compound of the essential oil of star anise (Illicium verum), in different experimental models of nociception. The animals were pretreated with anethole (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) one hour before the experiments. To eliminate a possible sedative effect of anethole, the open field test was conducted. Anethole (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) showed an antinociceptive effect in the writhing model induced by acetic acid, in the second phase of the formalin test (125 and 250 mg/kg) in the test of glutamate (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg), and expresses pain induced by ACF (250 mg/kg). In contrast, anethole was not able to increase the latency time on the hot plate and decrease the number of flinches during the initial phase of the formalin test in any of the doses tested. It was also demonstrated that anethole has no association with sedative effects. Therefore, these data showed that anethole, at all used doses, has no sedative effect and has an antinociceptive effect. This effect may be due to a decrease in the production/release of inflammatory mediators.

scholarly journals Aristolochia trilobata: Identification of the Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Dayana da Costa Salomé ◽  
Natália de Morais Cordeiro ◽  
Tayná Sequeira Valério ◽  
Darlisson de Alexandria Santos ◽  
Péricles Barreto Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Cholinergic Receptor ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Skin Affection ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor

Aristolochia trilobata, popularly known as “mil-homens,” is widely used for treatment of stomach aches, colic, asthma, pulmonary diseases, diabetes, and skin affection. We evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oil (EO) and the main constituent, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-yl acetate (sulcatyl acetate, SA). EO and SA (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) were evaluated using chemical (formalin-induced licking) and thermal (hot-plate) models of nociception or inflammation (carrageenan-induced cell migration into the subcutaneous air pouch, SAP). The mechanism of antinociceptive activity was evaluated using opioid, cholinergic receptor antagonists (naloxone and atropine), or nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME). EO and SA presented a central antinociceptive effect (the hot-plate model). In formalin-induced licking response, higher doses of EO and SA also reduced 1st and 2nd phases. None of the antagonists and enzyme inhibitor reversed antinociceptive effects. EO and SA reduced the leukocyte migration into the SAP, and the cytokines tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 (TNF-α and IL-1β, respectively) produced in the exudate. Our results are indicative that EO and SA present peripheral and central antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects.

scholarly journals Clinical, behavioral and antinociceptive effects of crotalphine in horses

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-699
Author(s):  
Erica Cristina Bueno do Prado Guirro ◽  
João Henrique Perotta ◽  
Márcio de Paula ◽  
Yara Cury ◽  
Carlos Augusto Araújo Valadão
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Intact Skin ◽  
Kappa Opioid ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Analgesic Peptide ◽  
Scapular Region

ABSTRACT: Crotalphine is a novel analgesic peptide that acts on kappa opioid and delta receptors, causing powerful analgesia in rats submitted to inflammatory, neuropathic or oncologic models of pain. This study evaluated clinical, behavioral and antinociceptive effects caused by crotalphine in horses, employing 18 Arabian horses and it was divided in three phases. In Phase I, "clinical and behavioral effects", crotalphine did not change the latency to urinate and defecate; did not modify the values of cardiac or respiratory rates, intestinal motility and rectal temperature; and did not cause significant ataxia, head, eye and lip ptosis. In Phase II, "antinociceptive effect on intact skin at scapular or ischial region", crotalphine did not cause significant analgesia. In Phase III, "antinociceptive effect on incised skin at scapular or ischial region", crotalphine promoted effective antinociceptive effects for six hours and inhibited hyperalgesia state for three days in the ischial region of horses submitted to incisional model of inflammatory pain, but crotalphine did not evoke relevant analgesic effect on the scapular region. Concluding, intravenous injection of a single dose of crotalphine (3.8ngkg-1) did not cause important clinical or behavioral changes and promotes antinociceptive effect on incised ischial region for seven days in horses. Moreover, crotalphine did not evoke relevant anti nociceptive effect on the scapular region or in intact skin of horses.

scholarly journals Comparison of antinociceptive effect of the antiepileptic drug gabapentin to that of various dosage combinations of gabapentin with lamotrigine and topiramate in mice and rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshab Raj Paudel ◽  
SK Bhattacharya ◽  
GP Rauniar ◽  
BP Das
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Mechanical Hyperalgesia ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Pain Models ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects

ABSTRACT Introduction: Newer anticonvulsants have a neuromodulatory effect on pain perception mechanisms in a hyperexcitable and damaged nervous system. Aim: This study was designed to study the analgesic effects of gabapentin alone and in combination with lamotrigine and topiramate in experimental pain models. Materials and Methods: Adult albino mice (n = 490) weighing 20–30 g and rats (n = 130) weighing 100–200 g were injected intraperitoneally with gabapentin, lamotrigine, and topiramate alone and in different dose combinations. The hot-plate method, tail-flick method, capsaicin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, and formalin assay were used to assess the antinociceptive effects. Results: Of the three antiepileptic drugs, when given separately, gabapentin was more efficacious than either topiramate or lamotrigine in all the pain models. Combination of 25 mg/kg gabapentin with 25 mg/kg topiramate was more efficacious (P <.05) than 50 mg/kg gabapentin alone in the capsaicin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia test. Similarly, 50 mg/kg gabapentin with 50 mg/kg topiramate or 5 mg/kg lamotrigine was more efficacious (P <.05) than 50 or 100 mg/kg gabapentin alone in late-phase formalin-induced behaviors. Conclusions: Combination of gabapentin with either lamotrigine or topiramate produced better results than gabapentin alone in capsaicin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia test and in late-phase formalin-induced behaviors.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antipyretic, antinocieptive and sedative effects of Tribulus terrestris, Mimosa pigra and Alkanna tinctoria methanolic extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-107
Author(s):  
Mona S. Mohammed ◽  
◽  
Ahmed A.M. Ali ◽  
Omer Basudan ◽  
Kamal E.H. El Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Mimosa Pigra ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Alkanna Tinctoria

This study is aimed to evaluate the of antipyretic, antinocieptive and sedative effects of Tribulus terrestris, Mimosa pigra and Alkanna tinctoria methanolic extracts. The methanolic extracts of Mimosa pigra and Alkanna tinctoria showed significant antipyretic and sedative effects. None of the extracts showed any antinociceptive effects. The maximum fall in body temperature was 3.9 - 4.3 °C and occurred 45 minutes after injection of the extracts.

scholarly journals Morphine Antinociception Restored by Use of Methadone in the Morphine-Resistant Inflammatory Pain State

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chizuko Watanabe ◽  
Asami Komiyama ◽  
Masaru Yoshizumi ◽  
Shinobu Sakurada ◽  
Hirokazu Mizoguchi
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptors ◽  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Thermal Hyperalgesia ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Pain Model ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Pain State ◽  
Intraperitoneal Treatment

The antinociceptive effect of methadone in the morphine-resistant inflammatory pain state was described in the paw-withdrawal test using the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced mouse inflammatory pain model. After intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of CFA, thermal hyperalgesia was observed in the ipsilateral paw. The antinociceptive effects of subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of morphine, fentanyl, and oxycodone against thermal hyperalgesia in the inflammatory pain state were reduced in the ipsilateral paw 7 days after CFA pretreatment. On the contrary, the antinociceptive effect of s.c. injection of methadone was maintained in the ipsilateral paw 7 days after CFA pretreatment. The suppressed morphine antinociception in the CFA model mice was bilaterally restored following s.c. treatment with methadone 20 min prior to or 3 days after CFA pretreatment. The suppressed morphine antinociception was also bilaterally restored by intraperitoneal treatment with MK-801 30 min prior to CFA pretreatment; however, the s.c. injection of morphine 30 min prior to CFA pretreatment failed to restore the suppressed morphine antinociception in the CFA model mice. The expression level of mRNA for µ-opioid receptors 7 days after i.pl. pretreatment was not significantly changed by i.pl. pretreatment with CFA or s.c. pretreatment with methadone. In conclusion, methadone is extremely effective against thermal hyperalgesia in the morphine-resistant inflammatory pain state, and restores suppressed morphine antinociception in the inflammatory pain state without altering the expression level of mRNA for µ-opioid receptors.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive Effects of Cardamonin in Mice: Possible Involvement of TRPV1, Glutamate, and Opioid Receptors

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Ping ◽  
Tengku Tengku Mohamad ◽  
Muhammad Akhtar ◽  
Enoch Perimal ◽  
Ahmad Akira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Opioid Receptors ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Thermal Stimuli

Pain is one of the most common cause for hospital visits. It plays an important role in inflammation and serves as a warning sign to avoid further injury. Analgesics are used to manage pain and provide comfort to patients. However, prolonged usage of pain treatments like opioids and NSAIDs are accompanied with undesirable side effects. Therefore, research to identify novel compounds that produce analgesia with lesser side effects are necessary. The present study investigated the antinociceptive potentials of a natural compound, cardamonin, isolated from Boesenbergia rotunda (L) Mansf. using chemical and thermal models of nociception. Our findings showed that intraperitoneal and oral administration of cardamonin (0.3, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) produced significant and dose-dependent inhibition of pain in abdominal writhing responses induced by acetic acid. The present study also demonstrated that cardamonin produced significant analgesia in formalin-, capsaicin-, and glutamate-induced paw licking tests. In the thermal-induced nociception model, cardamonin exhibited significant increase in response latency time of animals subjected to hot-plate thermal stimuli. The rota-rod assessment confirmed that the antinociceptive activities elicited by cardamonin was not related to muscle relaxant or sedative effects of the compound. In conclusion, the present findings showed that cardamonin exerted significant peripheral and central antinociception through chemical- and thermal-induced nociception in mice through the involvement of TRPV1, glutamate, and opioid receptors.

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