scholarly journals Cross-sector learning among researchers and policy-makers: the search for new strategies to enable use of research results

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (suppl) ◽  
pp. S97-S108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pittman ◽  
Celia Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Original Goal ◽  
The One

This paper assesses the preliminary results of a research funding strategy that alters the structure and process of research by requiring interaction between researchers and policy-makers. The five research teams focused on different aspects of expanding social protection in health in Latin America and the Caribbean. Preliminary results revealed negotiation of the research questions at the start of the process, influencing not only the project design, but the decision-makers' ways of thinking about the problem as well. As the projects advanced, turnover among government officials on four of the teams impaired the process. However, for the one team that escaped re-composition, the interaction has led to use of data in decision-making, as well as a clear recognition by both parties that different kinds of evidence were at play. The process highlighted the importance of stimulating systems of learning in which multiple kinds of knowledge interact. This interaction may be a more realistic expectation of such initiatives than the original goal of "transferring" research knowledge to policy and practice.

scholarly journals Assessing how information is packaged in rapid reviews for policy-makers and other stakeholders: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantelle Garritty ◽  
Candyce Hamel ◽  
Mona Hersi ◽  
Claire Butler ◽  
Zarah Monfaredi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthcare Policy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rapid Reviews ◽  
Average Reader

Abstract Background Rapid reviews (RRs) are useful products to healthcare policy-makers and other stakeholders, who require timely evidence. Therefore, it is important to assess how well RRs convey useful information in a format that is easy to understand so that decision-makers can make best use of evidence to inform policy and practice. Methods We assessed a diverse sample of 103 RRs against the BRIDGE criteria, originally developed for communicating clearly to support healthcare policy-making. We modified the criteria to increase assessability and to align with RRs. We identified RRs from key database searches and through searching organisations known to produce RRs. We assessed each RR on 26 factors (e.g. organisation of information, lay language use). Results were descriptively analysed. Further, we explored differences between RRs published in journals and those published elsewhere. Results Certain criteria were well covered across the RRs (e.g. all aimed to synthesise research evidence and all provided references of included studies). Further, most RRs provided detail on the problem or issue (96%; n = 99) and described methods to conduct the RR (91%; n = 94), while several addressed political or health systems contexts (61%; n = 63). Many RRs targeted policy-makers and key stakeholders as the intended audience (66%; n = 68), yet only 32% (n = 33) involved their tacit knowledge, while fewer (27%; n = 28) directly involved them reviewing the content of the RR. Only six RRs involved patient partners in the process. Only 23% (n = 24) of RRs were prepared in a format considered to make information easy to absorb (i.e. graded entry) and 25% (n = 26) provided specific key messages. Readability assessment indicated that the text of key RR sections would be hard to understand for an average reader (i.e. would require post-secondary education) and would take 42 (± 36) minutes to read. Conclusions Overall, conformity of the RRs with the modified BRIDGE criteria was modest. By assessing RRs against these criteria, we now understand possible ways in which they could be improved to better meet the information needs of healthcare decision-makers and their potential for innovation as an information-packaging mechanism. The utility and validity of these items should be further explored. Protocol availability The protocol, published on the Open Science Framework, is available at: osf.io/68tj7

scholarly journals Legal Harmonization Through Interfederal Cooperation: A Comparison of the Interfederal Harmonization of Law Through Uniform Law Conferences and Executive Intergovernmental Conferences

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1437-1460
Author(s):  
Anika Klafki
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Uniform Law ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
The One ◽  
Harmonization Of Law ◽  
Legal Harmonization

AbstractModern federations are faced with the challenge of cross-state as well as cross-nation economic activities and with the ever-increasing mobility of society. This has not only promoted international law, but has also created the need for harmonized laws throughout federations within the competence areas of the states. Diverse laws within federal systems may increase transaction costs, cause delays, and lead to jurisdictional conflicts for nationwide or cross-state transactions. In order to preserve federalism, and therefore prevent an ever-advancing process of centralization, interfederal legal harmonization promoted by the states themselves is crucial. There are two distinct methods of legal harmonization of state laws: (1) harmonization by “Uniform Law Conferences,” which are in principle run by lawyers and thus independent, to a certain extent, from the influence of policy makers; and (2) harmonization by executive intergovernmental conferences. These two distinct models of interfederal legal harmonization will be analyzed and evaluated with regard to efficiency, compatibility with democratic principles, transparency, and accountability in a comparative legal study of the harmonization processes. This Article will scrutinize the federal systems of the United States and Canada, on the one hand, as well as those of Germany and Austria, on the other hand. The study will reveal that the efficiency of interfederal legal harmonization increases with the level of intergovernmental integration through the participation of government officials and their staff.

The Diffusion of an Organisational Innovation: Adopting ‘Patient-Focused Care’ in an N.H.S. Hospital Trust

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Howorth ◽  
Frank Mueller ◽  
Charles Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Organisational Innovation ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Hospital Trust ◽  
The One ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Way

This paper deals with the diffusion and adoption of an organisational innovation, ‘Patient Focused Care’, at a British Hospital Trust. We will be discussing how PFC emerged in the U.S. context, was propagated by policy-makers, and judged worth adopting by organisational decision-makers. In providing an analysis of the case, we are attempting to bridge the gap between the policy context on the one hand, the organisational context on the other hand. The paper shows the importance of the ‘local’ context in shaping the adoption of a ‘global’ organisational innovation. The ‘appropriation process’ will play out in context-specific ways in terms of conflicts between managers and expert professionals; the way the ‘foreignness’ of the innovation plays out; and the way public policy-makers can influence the appropriation process. Most importantly, the paper intends to show how the cognitive boundaries of the N.H.S. as an ‘organisational field’ are beginning to move beyond national borders.

The role of perceived effectiveness on the acceptability of choice architecture

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. MIN BANG ◽  
SUZANNE B. SHU ◽  
ELKE U. WEBER
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Choice Architecture ◽  
Architecture Design ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Policy Makers

AbstractThe success of choice architecture, including its adoption in government policy and practice, has prompted questions of whether choice architecture design decisions are sufficiently transparent and publicly acceptable. We examined whether disclosing to decision-makers that a particular choice architecture is in place reduces its effectiveness and whether an understanding of the effectiveness of choice architecture design decisions increases their acceptability. We find that disclosure of the design decision does not reduce its effectiveness and that individuals perceive the effectiveness of specific designs to be higher for others than for themselves. Perceived effectiveness for self increases when individuals have actually experienced the effect of a design decision rather than having it simply described to them. Perceived effectiveness for oneself and others increases the acceptability of the designs. We also find that the intentions of the source matter more than who the source actually is. Important for policy-makers, then, is that disclosure of design decisions does not reduce their effectiveness, and their acceptability depends on their perceived effectiveness and the inferred motivations of the design architect.

Analysis Of Articles on Evidence-Based Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Umut BEYLİK
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
The One ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
Health System Policy

The aim of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of articles on evidence-based medicine. Using Bibliometrix and VOSviwer software, the most efficient author, country, organization, and journals were identified. Web of Science articles between the years of 1975-2019 were downloaded with a search strategy and analyzed with Bibliometrix and VOSviwer software. It has been observed that evidence-based medicine articles were grouped under three main clusters (Management and Decision Support, Drug and Experiment and Measurment). The first three countries that have the highest international collaboration rate are Switzerland, New Zealand, and Sweden. The first five countries regarding publication numbers are the USA, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and Germany. While Khan and Green have the highest grade in h and g index; Baglı, Castagnetti and Fossum have the highest grade in m index. Guyatt is the author who has the highest number of citations whereas Phillips is the one who has the most publications. While, on one hand, evidence-based medicine extends its function in illness and drug treatments, on the other hand, it is used as policy input to improve the education, curriculum, and the health system. Policy-makers, decision-makers, educators, and researchers can develop strategies according to the findings identified above.

Biosecurity: tools, behaviours and concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Alan MacLeod ◽  
Nicola Spence
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

COVID 19 has raised the profile of biosecurity. However, biosecurity is not only about protecting human life. This issue brings together mini-reviews examining recent developments and thinking around some of the tools, behaviours and concepts around biosecurity. They illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject, demonstrating the interface between research and policy. Biosecurity practices aim to prevent the spread of harmful organisms; recognising that 2020 is the International Year of Plant Health, several focus on plant biosecurity although invasive species and animal health concerns are also captured. The reviews show progress in developing early warning systems and that plant protection organisations are increasingly using tools that compare multiple pest threats to prioritise responses. The bespoke modelling of threats can inform risk management responses and synergies between meteorology and biosecurity provide opportunities for increased collaboration. There is scope to develop more generic models, increasing their accessibility to policy makers. Recent research can improve pest surveillance programs accounting for real-world constraints. Social science examining individual farmer behaviours has informed biosecurity policy; taking a broader socio-cultural approach to better understand farming networks has the potential to change behaviours in a new way. When encouraging public recreationists to adopt positive biosecurity behaviours communications must align with their values. Bringing together the human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors to address biosecurity risks in a common and systematic manner within the One Biosecurity concept can be achieved through multi-disciplinary working involving the life, physical and social sciences with the support of legislative bodies and the public.

Editorial: Introducing Remittances Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sirkeci
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Migrant Remittances ◽  
Money Transfers ◽  
Advance Theory

Remittances Review is a new journal that offers a quality outlet for exchanges between academics, researchers, and policy makers. There are more journals dealing with migration than ever before, and most have similar mandates to publish research for researchers. There has been a proliferation of journals in migration studies in the last five to ten years. However, most have grown with similar mandates that replicate breadth and interests. Remittances Review is the first international academic peer reviewed journal dedicated to money transfers, migrant remittances and the challenges and issues related to these flows across borders. Remittances Review invites contributions that include new data, rigorous research, and thoughtful analysis. We expect quality contributions that advance theory and methods as well as drawing implications for policy and practice. Readers will benefit from cutting edge research conceptual innovations, and reviews and reports.

Evaluation of Road Utilisation as Space For Holding Social Ceremonies in Indigenous Residential Area of Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Okanlawon ◽  
O.O Odunjo ◽  
S.A Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

This study examined Residents’ evaluation of turning transport infrastructure (road) to spaces for holding social ceremonies in the indigenous residential zone of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Upon stratifying the city into the three identifiable zones, the core, otherwise known as the indigenous residential zone was isolated for study. Of the twenty (20) political wards in the two local government areas of the town, fifteen (15) wards that were located in the indigenous zone constituted the study area. Respondents were selected along one out of every three (33.3%) of the Trunk — C (local) roads being the one mostly used for the purpose in the study area. The respondents were the residents, commercial motorists, commercial motorcyclists, and celebrants. Six hundred and forty-two (642) copies of questionnaire were administered and harvested on the spot. The Mean Analysis generated from the respondents’ rating of twelve perceived hazards listed in the questionnaire were then used to determine respondents’ most highly rated perceived consequences of the practice. These were noisy environment, Blockage of drainage by waste, and Endangering the life of the sick on the way to hospital; the most highly rated reasons why the practice came into being; and level of acceptability of the practice which was found to be very unacceptable in the study area. Policy makers should therefore focus their attention on strict enforcement of the law prohibiting the practice in order to ensure more cordial relationship among the citizenry, seeing citizens’ unacceptability of the practice in the study area.

scholarly journals Introduction to the special issue: multiple jobholding in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Wieteke Conen ◽  
Karin Schulze Buschoff
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Labour Market Flexibility ◽  
Employment Situation ◽  
Over Time

In a number of European countries there is a clear trend towards increased multiple jobholding. As things stand, however, little is known about the structure and the potential consequences of this increase, notably in terms of quality of work and social protection. This special issue focuses on contemporary forms of multiple jobholding in Europe. Have the structure, nature and dynamics of multiple jobholding changed over time? What are the roles of labour market flexibility, technological change and work fragmentation in the development of multiple jobholding? And do multiple jobholders benefit from similar and adequate employment terms, conditions and protections compared with single jobholders, or are they worse off as a consequence of their (fragmented) employment situation? What implications do these findings have for unions, policy-makers and the regulation of work? The collection of articles in this special issue adds to the literature on emerging forms of employment in the digital age and challenges for social protection, also in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. This introduction initiates a discussion of central debates on multiple jobholding and presents a synopsis of the articles in this issue.

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