scholarly journals Hospital admissions from birth to early adolescence and early-life risk factors: the 11-year follow-up of the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1980-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. B. Menezes ◽  
Ricardo B. Noal ◽  
Juraci A. Cesar ◽  
Pedro C. Hallal ◽  
Cora Luiza Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

The aim of this prospective analysis was to describe the cumulative incidence of hospital admissions in the first year of life and between 1 and 11 years of age and to explore associated factors. Hospital admissions were collected through regular monitoring in the first year of life, and through maternal report on admissions between 1 and 11 years. Analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for confounding factors. 18.1% of children were hospitalized in the first year of life, and 30.7% between ages 1 and 11 years. Among boys, hospital admission in the first year was associated with low family income, paternal smoking during pregnancy, preterm delivery, and low birthweight. Among girls, in addition to the variables described for boys, black/mixed skin color was also a risk factor for hospital admission. For admissions between 1 and 11 years of age, low family income and gestational age > 37 weeks were found to be significant risk factors.

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Costs of Hospital Admissions in First Year of Life: A Population-Based Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 1014-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Lain ◽  
Natasha Nassar ◽  
Jennifer R. Bowen ◽  
Christine L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Year ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Risk factors for and protective factors against breastfeeding interruption before 2 years: a birth cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciete Oliveira Vieira ◽  
Tatiana de Oliveira Vieira ◽  
Camilla da Cruz Martins ◽  
Michelle de Santana Xavier Ramos ◽  
Elsa Regina Justo Giugliani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Family Income ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
White Skin ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Little is known about the factors associated with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of breastfeeding for at least 2 years. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for and protective factors against breastfeeding interruption before 2 years of age. Methods In this live birth cohort, mother and infant dyads were followed for 2 years. Data collection was performed at the maternity ward and subsequently at the children’s homes, monthly during the first 6 months of life and then at 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. The outcome of interest was breastfeeding interruption before 2 years of age. Median duration of breastfeeding was estimated using Kaplan-Meier’s survival analysis, and the associations were tested using Cox’s hierarchical multivariate model. Significance was set at 5%. Results Data from a total of 1344 dyads were assessed. Median breastfeeding duration was 385 days. The following risk factors for breastfeeding interruption were identified: white skin color (adjusted hazard ratio [HRa]: 1.31; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.10–1.56), primiparity (HRa: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.05–1.40), working outside the home (HRa: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.30–1.77), child sex male (HRa: 1.18; 95%CI: 1.03–1.35) and use of a pacifier (HRa: 3.46; 95%CI: 2.98–4.01). Conversely, the following protective factors were identified: lower family income (HRa: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.71–0.94), mother-infant bed-sharing (HRa:0.61, 95%CI: 0.52–0.73), on-demand breastfeeding in the first month (HRa: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.47–0.89) and exclusive breastfeeding at 4 months (HRa: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.48–0.70). Conclusions The findings allowed to identify both risk factors for and protective factors against breastfeeding interruption before 2 years of age. Knowledge of these factors may help prevent this event and aid in the development of programs that help women maintain breastfeeding for at least 2 years, as recommended by the WHO.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Mortality among Newborns with Neonatal Seizures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Tanous ◽  
Mohamad Watad ◽  
Clari Felszer-Fisch ◽  
Marina Peniakov ◽  
Dan Miron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
First Year ◽  
Neonatal Seizures ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Antiepileptic Medication ◽  
Brain Malformations ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

Abstract Objective The aim of the study is to examine the incidence and risk factors for death among neonates who developed neonatal seizures (NS) in an ethnically distinctive community with high consanguinity rate in Israel. Methods Retrospective study was conducted at a single institution on data between January 2001 and January 2016. All neonates diagnosed with NS developed up to age 28 days were included. Mortality was defined as death within the first year of life. Results Of all 69,460 neonates born during the study period, 118 (1.7 per 1,000 live births) developed NS; 35 (29.7%) died within the first year while 83 (70.3%) survived. The leading causes of death were developmental brain malformation (31.4%), genetic/metabolic (20%), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (20%), intracranial hemorrhage (11.4%) and infections (11.4%). Any consanguinity between the parents was found in 18 and 14.6% among the survivors and deceased groups, respectively (p = 0.24). Developmental brain malformations that lead to death were present in 3.6 and 31.4% in the survivors and deceased groups, respectively (p = 0.001; relative risk 8.70; 95% confidence interval 2.58–29.27). Stepwise backward logistic regression analysis revealed that developmental brain malformations (p < 0.0001), use of more than one antiepileptic medication (p = 0.006), and multiorgan failure (p = 0.004) were significant risk factors that predicted death. Conclusion The results of the current study show that developmental brain malformations that cause NS were the leading risk factor for death.

scholarly journals Predicting respiratory hospital admissions in young people with cerebral palsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1119-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Marie Blackmore ◽  
Natasha Bear ◽  
Eve Blair ◽  
Katherine Langdon ◽  
Lisa Moshovis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Young People ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
International Statistical Classification

ObjectiveTo determine the early predictors of respiratory hospital admissions in young people with cerebral palsy (CP).DesignA 3-year prospective cohort study using linked data.PatientsChildren and young people with CP, aged 1 to 26 years.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported and carer-reported respiratory symptoms were linked to respiratory hospital admissions (as defined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision codes) during the following 3 years.Results482 participants (including 289 males) were recruited. They were aged 1 to 26 years (mean 10 years, 10 months; SD 5 years, 11 months) at the commencement of the study, and represented all Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) levels. During the 3-year period, 55 (11.4%) participants had a total of 186 respiratory hospital admissions, and spent a total of 1475 days in hospital. Statistically significant risk factors for subsequent respiratory hospital admissions over 3 years in univariate analyses were GMFCS level V, at least one respiratory hospital admission in the year preceding the survey, oropharyngeal dysphagia, seizures, frequent respiratory symptoms, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, at least two courses of antibiotics in the year preceding the survey, mealtime respiratory symptoms and nightly snoring.ConclusionsMost risk factors for respiratory hospital admissions are potentially modifiable. Early identification of oropharyngeal dysphagia and the management of seizures may help prevent serious respiratory illness. One respiratory hospital admission should trigger further evaluation and management to prevent subsequent respiratory illness.

Passive Smoke Exposure and Otitis Media in the First Year of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-677
Author(s):  
John L. Ey ◽  
Catharine J. Holberg ◽  
Michael B. Aldous ◽  
Anne L. Wright ◽  
Fernando D. Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Health Maintenance Organization ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
First Year Of Life

Objective. This study examined, in a health maintenance organization population of children, the associations between parents' smoking and otitis media (OM) in their children while controlling for other known risk factors. Methods. Healthy newborns (1246) in a large health maintenance organization were enrolled at birth, and 1013 (81%) were followed prospectively for the first year of life. Their medical records were reviewed for the diagnosis of otitis media. Information on risk factors for recurrent OM (ROM) was collected, including a number of variables related to parental smoking. Results. After controlling for other known risk factors for ROM including gender, day care, other siblings in the home, parental history of hay fever, and method of feeding, it was found that heavy maternal smoking of 20 or more cigarettes per day was a significant risk factor for ROM but not for nonrecurrent otitis. Heavy maternal smoking was associated with a threefold risk for ROM if the infant weighed less than the mean at birth (3.5 kg) after controlling for other risk factors. No association was found with paternal smoking. Conclusions. Heavy maternal smoking is a significant risk factor for ROM in the first year of life. This smoking effect seems to be stronger among infants of lower birth weight.

scholarly journals Nutrition- and feeding practice-related risk factors for rapid weight gain during the first year of life: a population-based birth cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelie Lindholm ◽  
Stefan Bergman ◽  
Bernt Alm ◽  
Ann Bremander ◽  
Jovanna Dahlgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Rapid weight gain (RWG) during infancy increases the risk of excess weight later in life. Nutrition- and feeding practices associated with RWG need to be further examined. The present study aimed to examine nutrition- and feeding practice-related risk factors for RWG during the first year of life. Methods A population-based longitudinal birth cohort study of 1780 infants, classified as having RWG or non-RWG during 0–3-4, 0–6 and 6–12 months. RWG was defined as a change > 0.67 in weight standard deviation scores. Associations between nutrition- and feeding practice-related factors and RWG were examined with logistic regression models. Results Of the participating infants, 47% had RWG during 0–3-4 months, 46% during 0–6 months and 8% during 6–12 months. In the fully adjusted models, bottle-feeding at birth and at 3–4 months and nighttime meals containing formula milk were positively associated with RWG during 0–3-4 months (p < 0.05 for all). Breastfeeding at 3–4 months and nighttime meals containing breast milk were negatively associated with RWG during this period (p < 0.001). Bottle-feeding at birth, 3–4 and 6 months and nighttime meals containing formula milk at 3–4 months were positively associated with RWG during 0–6 months (p < 0.01 for all). Breastfeeding at 3–4 and 6 months was negatively associated with RWG (p < 0.01). During 6–12 months, only bottle-feeding at 3–4 months was positively associated with RWG (p < 0.05). Conclusions RWG was more common during the first 6 months of life and bottle-feeding and formula milk given at night were risk factors for RWG during this period.

scholarly journals Hospital admissions in the first year of life: inequalities over three decades in a southern Brazilian city

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i63-i71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando C Wehrmeister ◽  
Cesar G Victora ◽  
Bernardo L Horta ◽  
Ana M B Menezes ◽  
Iná S Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
First Year ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Hospital Births ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Hospital admissions in infancy are declining in several countries. We describe admissions to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and other hospitalizations over a 33-year period in the Brazilian city of Pelotas. Methods We analysed data from four population-based birth cohorts launched in 1982, 1993, 2004 and 2015, each including all hospital births in the calendar year. NICU and other hospital admissions during infancy were reported by the mothers in the perinatal interview and at the 12-month visit, respectively. We describe these outcomes by sex of the child, family income and maternal skin colour. Results In 1982, NICUs did not exist in the city; admissions into NICUs increased from 2.7% of all newborns in 1993 to 6.7% in 2015, and admission rates were similar in all income groups. Hospitalizations during the first year of life fell by 29%, from 23.7% in 1982 to 16.8% in 2015, and diarrhoea admissions fell by 95.2%. Pneumonia admissions fell by 46.3% from 1993 to 2015 (no data available for 1982). Admissions due to perinatal causes increased during the period. In the poorest income quintile, total admissions fell by 33% (from 35.7% to 23.9%), but in the richest quintile these remained stable at around 10%, leading to a reduction in inequalities. Over the whole period, children born to women with black or brown skin were 30% more likely to be admitted than those of white-skinned mothers. Conclusions Whereas NICU admissions increased, total admissions in the first year of life declined by nearly one-third. Socioeconomic disparities were reduced, but important gaps remain.

scholarly journals The contribution of child, family and health service factors to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospital admissions in the first 3 years of life: birth cohort study in Scotland, 2009 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Hardelid ◽  
Maximiliane Verfuerden ◽  
Jim McMenamin ◽  
Rosalind L Smyth ◽  
Ruth Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Older Siblings

Introduction Several vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are under development. Designing an effective vaccination programme for RSV requires information about the relative contribution of risk factors for severe RSV symptoms. Aim To inform preventive strategies in Europe by quantifying the contribution of key child, family and health service risk factors to the burden of RSV hospital admissions in young children. Methods We constructed a birth cohort study of all singleton children born in Scotland between October 2009 and September 2012 using linkage between birth registration, maternity, vaccination and hospital admission records, with follow-up until the age of 3 years. RSV-confirmed hospital admissions were defined using linkage to national laboratory surveillance data. We estimated hospital admission rates per 1,000 child years and length of stay according to each risk factor. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios. Results There were 5,185 RSV admissions among the 169,726 children in the cohort: 48.6% of admissions occurred before the age of 6 months, and 29.6% after the age of 1 year. Children born prematurely, small for gestational age, between July and December, with chronic conditions, older siblings, mothers < 30 years old or delayed infant vaccination had a significantly increased risk of admission. Minimising the risk posed by older siblings could reduce RSV admissions by up to 34%. Conclusion Future RSV vaccination programmes must protect children throughout early childhood. Vaccination and/or interventions to reduce transmission by older siblings could substantially reduce RSV hospital admissions.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Tehsil Batkhela District Malakand, KPK, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 20251-20256
Author(s):  
Mudassir Khan ◽  
Shahrukh Khan ◽  
Shohra Haider ◽  
Fazal Jalil ◽  
Muhsin Jamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Common Symptom

Background: Prevalence of Hepatitis C viral infection and its major risk factors has been found out in population of Batkhela, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan by taking number of volunteers from the interested area. HCV prevalence has not been researched in recent time here in this area, so that’s why we contributed. Materials and Methods: Ab rapid test cassette serum/plasma (USA) kit has been used for the mentioned purpose following by ELISA and finally PCR to find out active infection of virus. ICT positive individuals were reconfirmed by ELISA and then ELISA positive samples were carefully investigated by RT-PCR for Hepatitis C Virus. Results: The study population was of 770 volunteers belonging to the mentioned area of research, 453 males and 317 females. The overall prevalence was found to be 5.32% of HCV in Batkhela. This prevalence ratio was 3.12% in males and 2.20 % in females. 3rd generation ELISA was used to refine ICT positive samples which showed that 37 of the ICT positive samples had antibodies detected by ELISA. To find out active HCV infection, ELISA positive samples were refined by real time PCR which showed 2.98% of prevalence of active HCV infection in Batkhela based on HCV RNA in their blood. Principle Conclusion: Overall prevalence was found 5.32%, contaminated reused syringes and blades at Barbour’s shop, blood transfusion, surgical operations and unhygienic food in stalls etc were found significant risk factors for acquiring HCV infection. Body weakness and pale yellow skin color was common symptom in HCV positive volunteers. Safe sexual activities, blood screening before donation and sterilizing surgical equipment’s can protect us from Hepatitis C Virus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document