scholarly journals Periodontal outcomes and social, racial and gender inequalities in Brazil: a systematic review of the literature between 1999 and 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. s141-s153 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Luiz Bastos ◽  
Antonio Fernando Boing ◽  
Karen Glazer Peres ◽  
José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes ◽  
Marco Aurélio Peres
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The South ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

The objective of this study was to review the Brazilian epidemiologic literature on periodontal outcomes and socio-demographic factors, assessing bibliographic and methodological characteristics of this scientific production, as well as the consistency and statistical significance of the examined associations. A systematic review was carried out in six bibliographic sources. The review was limited to the period between 1999 and 2008, without any other type of restriction. Among the 410 papers identified, 29 were included in the review. An increasing number of articles, specifically in the last four years of study, was observed. However, there is a concentration of studies in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, and many of them are not closely connected to theoretical formulations in the field. In spite of these shortcomings, the review findings corroborate the idea that poor socioeconomic conditions are associated with periodontal outcomes, as demonstrated primarily by income and schooling indicators.

scholarly journals Modeling the interplay between demography, social contact patterns, and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the South West Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Trentini ◽  
Giorgio Guzzetta ◽  
Margherita Galli ◽  
Agnese Zardini ◽  
Fabio Manenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attack Rate ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
Mixing Patterns ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background COVID-19 spread may have a dramatic impact in countries with vulnerable economies and limited availability of, and access to, healthcare resources and infrastructures. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, a low prevalence and mortality have been observed so far. Methods We collected data on individuals’ social contacts in the South West Shewa Zone (SWSZ) of Ethiopia across geographical contexts characterized by heterogeneous population density, work and travel opportunities, and access to primary care. We assessed how socio-demographic factors and observed mixing patterns can influence the COVID-19 disease burden, by simulating SARS-CoV-2 transmission in remote settlements, rural villages, and urban neighborhoods, under school closure mandate. Results From national surveillance data, we estimated a net reproduction number of 1.62 (95% CI 1.55–1.70). We found that, at the end of an epidemic mitigated by school closure alone, 10–15% of the population residing in the SWSZ would have been symptomatic and 0.3–0.4% of the population would require mechanical ventilation and/or possibly result in a fatal outcome. Higher infection attack rates are expected in more urbanized areas, but the highest incidence of critical disease is expected in remote subsistence farming settlements. School closure contributed to reduce the reproduction number by 49% and the attack rate of infections by 28–34%. Conclusions Our results suggest that the relatively low burden of COVID-19 in Ethiopia observed so far may depend on social mixing patterns, underlying demography, and the enacted school closures. Our findings highlight that socio-demographic factors can also determine marked heterogeneities across different geographical contexts within the same region, and they contribute to understand why sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a relatively lower attack rate of severe cases compared to high-income countries.

scholarly journals Diversity or disarray? A systematic review of decision-making capacity for treatment and research in schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1906-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. J. Spencer ◽  
G. Shields ◽  
T. Gergel ◽  
M. Hotopf ◽  
G. S. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Decision Making Capacity ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

BackgroundValid consent for treatment or research participation requires that an individual has decision-making capacity (DMC), which is the ability to make a specific decision. There is evidence that the psychopathology of schizophrenia can compromise DMC. The objective of this review was to examine the presence or absence of DMC in schizophrenia and the socio-demographic/psychopathological factors associated.MethodsWe searched three databases Embase, Ovid MEDLINE(R), and PsycINFO for studies reporting data on the proportion of DMC for treatment and research (DMC-T and DMC-R), and/or socio-demographic/psychopathological associations with ability to make such decisions, in people with schizophrenia and related illnesses.ResultsA total of 40 studies were identified. While high levels of heterogeneity limited direct comparison, meta-analysis of inpatient data showed that DMC-T was present in 48% of people. Insight was strongly associated with DMC-T. Neurocognitive deficits were strongly associated with lack of DMC-R and to a lesser extent DMC-T. With the exception of years of education, there was no evidence for an association with socio-demographic factors.ConclusionsInsight and neurocognitive deficits are most closely associated with DMC in schizophrenia. The lack of an association with socio-demographic factors dispels common misperceptions regarding DMC and characteristics such as age. Although our results reveal a wide spectrum of DMC-T and DMC-R in schizophrenia, this could be partly due to the complexity of the DMC construct and the heterogeneity of existing studies. To facilitate systematic review research, there is a need for improvement within research study design and increased consistency of concepts and tools.

scholarly journals Socio-Demographic Factors and the Level of Teachers’ Motivation in Slovak National Schools in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-400
Author(s):  
Lucia Heldáková ◽  
Mária Ďurkovská
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Teaching Motivation ◽  
Ethnic Language ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Level Of Motivation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ethnic Schools ◽  
Type Of School

Introduction. The research paper seeks to identify the level of motivation of Slovak educators teaching in Hungary in the context of a low level of teachers’ motivation in Central and Eastern Europe. The aim of the paper is to show the relationship between socio-demographic factors (age, gender, type of school) and the degree of teachers’ motivation at Slovak national schools in Hungary. The results of research on motivation in relation to gender, age and type of school are shown to be inconsistent and yield varying findings. Materials and Methods. This paper is based on the data collected in the survey conducted in 10 Hungarian counties between January and April 2019, using a sample of 139 teachers of ethnic schools (monolingual, bilingual and schools teaching the ethnic language as a separate subject). We processed the obtained research results using methods of descriptive statistics and methods of inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient; Mann-Whitney U test; Kruskal-Wallis H test). Results. The results showed that there was no correlation between the teacher’s age and teaching motivation (p > 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between gender and teaching motivation when using the Mann-Whitney test. Using a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, the existence of significant differences in the level of motivation of teachers working at various types of schools was confirmed. The research showed that teachers of bilingual schools were the most positive in relation to motivation, and the lowest average scores were achieved by teachers in schools where Slovak is taught as a subject. The age and gender of teachers were not significant in relation to the evaluation of the degree of motivation for teaching Slovak. Discussion and Conclusion. The results presented in the article will be beneficial not only for pedagogical researchers, but especially for Slovak teachers in Hungary, as research of this kind was conducted for the first time.

scholarly journals Adolescence and the 'vicissitudes identificatórias'

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Marina De Moraes e Prado Morabi ◽  
Mônica Medeiros Kother Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Gender Aspects ◽  
And Gender

This article presents a systematic review of the literature on adolescence of the last five years, with a psychoanalysis as a theoretical contribution. As databases for the Portal of CAPES Journals and PubMed, with the descriptors: "Psychoanalysis", Adolescence "OR" Adolescent "and" Identification. "We found 38 publications that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, after an analysis of content, three thematic categories were identified: correlations of identity construction with ethnic, religious and gender aspects, Liames of adolescence along with mental disorders, and traumatic interferences in the identificative experiences.It was possible to perceive the theoretical highlight to the fact of adolescence, supported by the previous coordinates, makes it possible to construct a process of identification. It is not pathologizing adolescence, but neither neglecting the necessary attention considering that it can be enhanced psychic weaknesses of a subject that is at the height of a reframing process itself. Adolescência e as Vicissitudes Identificatórias Este artigo apresenta uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre a adolescência, dos últimos cinco anos, tendo a psicanálise como aporte teórico. As bases de dados utilizadas foram o Portal de Periódicos CAPES e o PubMed, com os descritores: “Psychoanalysis”, Adolescence” OR “Adolescent” e “Identification”. Foram encontradas 38 publicações que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e, após uma análise de conteúdo, elencou-se três categorias temáticas: Correlações da construção de identidade com aspectos étnicos, religiosos e de gênero; Liames da adolescência junto aos transtornos mentais; e Interferências traumáticas nas vivências identificatórias. Pôde-se perceber o destaque teórico ao fato de que o adolescente, apoiado nas coordenadas prévias, viabiliza a construção de seu próprio processo identificatório. Trata-se de não patologizar a adolescência, porém, tampouco, descuidar da necessária atenção considerando que nela podem ser incrementadas as fragilidades psíquicas de um sujeito que está no auge de um processo de ressignificação de si mesmo.

scholarly journals Persuasive Da’wah Agenda based on Sociodemographic Factors: A Study in Cimahi

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Bambang Saiful Ma'arif ◽  
Umar Yusuf ◽  
Suliadi Suliadi ◽  
Parihat Parihat
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Sociodemographic Factor ◽  
Religious Theme ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

This paper is a result of primary research titled “Mapping the Profile of Persuasive Da’wah Agenda in Cimahi City.” Cimahi is well known as the industrial centre of ‘creative animation’. The method of research is quantitative by conducting surveys through questionnaires to 399 respondents in Cimahi using multistage random sampling technique. This paper presents important data on the socio-demographic factors of the citizens which can be basic in planning the effective da’wah activities. The sociodemographic factor aforementioned are age, education, and gender of respondents. Those factors must be accurately identified in order to plan the persuasive da’wah. The views of the citizens toward da’wah activity can be parameters toward persuasive da’wah, including what religious theme they preferred to, their preference on the actual da’wah themes, their liking on entrepreneurial da’wah, etc. Citizens give responses to da’wah agenda of both bil-lisan (da’wah through speech) and bil-hal (da’wah through one’s character). The more accepted a da’wah, it means the more persuasive the da’wah is. When citizens do not like the da’wah, it can be said an unpersuasive one. Da’wah persuasion is closely related to its acceptability by the citizens.

scholarly journals Social Support, Socio Demographic Factors and Elder Abuse: A Quantitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mobolaji Grace Olasupo ◽  
Mathew Olugbenga Olasupo ◽  
Dare Azeez Fagbenro
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
T Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Elder abuse has continued to be a serious concern to many stakeholders in the world and Nigeria as reported by researchers, as well as various media platforms. It is from this fact that this present study examined the role of social support and socio demographic factors on elder abuse in Ile-Ife Osun state, Nigeria. Theory of social exchange provided the theoretical framework while a descriptive survey was adopted. Three hundred and ninety-two (392) respondents (Males = 192, Females = 200, M = 70.77, S.D. = 6.33) were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising demographics variables, elder abuse scale (α = .65), and social support scale (α = .94). Data were analysed using T-test for independence measure and analysis of variance (ANOVA). T-test for independent statistics revealed that social support differentiated the experienced elder abuse t(390) = -3.33; p < .001). There were some gender differences in elder abuse (t(390) = 2.20; p = .028). There was no significant relationship between socioeconomic status and elder abuse (F(3, 389) = 1.46;  p = .225). The study concluded that social support and gender played a vital role with elder abuse in Osun state. The study, therefore, recommended that government should provide appropriate social support such as prompt payment of pension and gratuity, provision of feeding, good, as well as living arrangements with special attention on elderly men

scholarly journals Prescribers Factors and Patients Socio-Demographic Factors Influencing Quality Care Management of Febrile Illnesses in Ghana.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asante Koranteng Samuel ◽  
Brenyah Joseph Kwasi ◽  
Mensah Akohene Kofi ◽  
Agyei -Baffour Peter ◽  
Opoku Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Management ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Introduction Febrile illnesses in children and its management (especially infectious diseases) continue to result in an enormous increase in morbidity and mortality in developing countries causing a global public health concern. However, most low-middle-income countries have failed to institute systematic outcome assessment measures to ensure quality in the management of these conditions at one breadth. This study therefore aimed at assessing the quality care management of febrile illness in under five (5) in health facilities in the Atwima Kwanwoma district of Ashanti Region, Ghana.Methods The study was quantitative using a cross-sectional study design. Data were collected from 58 healthcare providers and 390 folders of children treated for febrile illnesses. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify socio-demographic, patient and prescribers’ factors influencing management of febrile illness among children under 5 years. Statistical significance for all testing was set as 0.05.Results The mean age and standard deviation of the prescribers were 30.2 ± 3.4. Majority of the prescribers (65.5%) were aged between 23-30years and the rest (34.5%) between 31-37years. About 67.3% were females and the rest (32.7%) were males, more than half of the prescribers (70.7%) were married and the rest (29.3%) were single. More than half (55.6%) of patients seen were females and 44.4% were males. Most of the patients (43.8%) who presented with febrile illnesses were between 0-11 months, while 29.1% and 27.2% of them were between 1-2 years and 3-5 years respectively. The average age of children was 5.7 ± 2.3 months for those who were less than a year and 2.8±1.4 years for those between 1-5years. Patients who believed in superstition were less likely to receive quality care management of febrile illness as compared with those who did not believe in superstitions (AOR=0.50; 95% CI= 0.03-0.70).The results depict that socio-demographic factors such as age of a child and gender, influenced quality care management of febrile illness as detailed in Table 4. For instance, children below 1 year were less likely to receive quality care management of febrile illness as compared with those above 3 years (AOR=0.05; 95% CI= 0.08-0.28). Also, female children were more likely to receive quality care management of febrile illness as compared with their male counterparts (AOR=1.50; 95% CI=0.03-0.70).Conclusion The study concludes that, prescribers’ factors such as those who believed in superstition and socio-demographic factors of children such as age and gender influenced quality care management of febrile illness.Recommendations Health policy makers should promote health education to reduce the negative effects of supersitition in health care management.

A Socio-Demographic Analysis of Responses to Terrorism

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Salvatore ◽  
Gabriel Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Extensive research has found that there are differences in reported levels of fear of crime and associated protective actions influenced by socio-demographic characteristics such as race and gender. Further studies, the majority of which focused on violent and property crime, have found that specific demographic characteristics influence fear of crime and protective behaviors. However, little research has focused on the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on perceptions, and protective actions in response to the threat of terrorism. Using data from the General Social Survey, this study compared individual level protective actions and perceptions of the effectiveness of protective responses to the 9/11 terrorist attacks among Americans for demographic factors that have been found to influence fear of crime and protective actions. Results indicated that several socio-demographic factors including race and gender do exhibit some differences in perceptions of the effectiveness of responses to terrorism, although not all achieved statistical significance. Results are discussed in relation to their implications for criminological theory, security, and terrorism preparedness.

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