scholarly journals Biochemical polymorphisms and genetic relationships between Brazilian and foreign breeds of pigs reared in Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Helena Tagliaro ◽  
Maria Helena Lartigau Pereira Franco ◽  
Maria Paula Cruz Schneider ◽  
Benito Guimarães de Brito ◽  
Antonio Stockler Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Paternity Testing ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Large White ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Biochemical Polymorphisms ◽  
Paternity Exclusion

The genetic variability of 14 protein systems encoded by 15 structural loci was investigated in blood samples of Piau and Caruncho pig breeds. The results were compared with those obtained previously for samples of Landrace, Large White, Duroc and Mouro. The degree of genetic variability obtained for Piau (He=0.114) was similar to that estimated for other breeds reared in Brazil (Landrace, He=0.116; Large White, He=0.119; Duroc, 0.095; Mouro, He= 0.130). Caruncho showed the lowest variability (He= 0.056). The gene frequencies at the polymorphic loci were used to evaluate the usefulness of these systems for paternity testing and the combined probabilities of paternity exclusion were estimated at 58% for the Piau and 36% for the Caruncho breed. Analysis of genetic distances revealed that the greatest similarity observed was between Piau and Landrace (D=0.042). Caruncho showed the greatest divergence among all breeds compared and the distances between this breed and others range from 0.107 (with Landrace) to 0.176 (with Duroc). The tree constructed by UPGMA and Rogers’ Distance gave a topology in which Piau and Mouro joined with the European breeds (Landrace and Large White) whereas Caruncho was separated from all the other breeds. The results of the analysis of the Caruncho samples should be interpreted with caution since the number of animals studied was small.

Microsatellite analysis of genetic variability in Waler horses from Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas M. Khanshour ◽  
Rytis Juras ◽  
E. Gus Cothran
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Bayesian Method ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Factorial Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Horse Breed

The Waler horse breed is an integral part of Australian history. The purposes of this study were to analyse the genetic variability in Waler horses from Australia and to investigate genetic relationships with other horse breeds. We examined the genetic diversity of 70 Waler horses sampled from seven breeding stations in Australia. Also we analysed the relationships of these horses with 11 other horse breeds. Analysis of the genetic structure was carried out using 15 microsatellite loci, genetic distances, AMOVA, factorial correspondence analysis and a Bayesian method. We found that the genetic diversity in the Waler was greater than the domestic horse mean and exceeded that of all endangered horse breeds. Our findings also revealed moderate population subdivision rather than inbreeding. All genetic similarity measures indicated that the Thoroughbred might be a key ancestor to the Waler. This study indicates that there is no immediate concern for loss of variation in Waler horses. Also, there clearly has been a strong input from the Thoroughbred into the Waler horse breed. However, the genetic evidence suggests that this input was not just direct but also came through other types of horses with a Thoroughbred cross background.

scholarly journals Genetic relationship among indigenous sheep population of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
GK Deb ◽  
MP Choudhury ◽  
MA Kabir ◽  
MYA Khan ◽  
M Ershaduzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Indigenous Sheep ◽  
Pcr Product

The study was conducted to investigate the genetic relationships among indigenous sheep population of Bangladesh (Barind, Jamuna river basin, Coastal and Garole sheep) using microsatellite markers. A total of 96 blood samples were collected from adult sheep of Barind (24), Jamuna River Basin (24), Coastal (24), Garole(10) and available Chotanagpuri (10) sheep. Chotanagpuri sheep was used as an outgroup population. DNA was extracted from blood samples using QIAGEN DNA Mini extraction kit and was quantified using a nanodrop. FAO recommended 13 labeled microsatellite markers were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR product was confirmed by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized by staining with ethidium bromide.The exact allele sizes in each primer were determined by GeneMaker V1.85 demo. Microsatellite tool kit and Dispan software package were used for calculation of allele frequency, number of alleles per locus, observed and expected heterozygosity and genetic distances (DA). The Dispan software was used to calculate inter-individual genetic distances. These distance values were used to construct an UPGMA tree. Results showed that average number of polymorphic alleles per locus varied from4 in HUJ616 to 12 in MAF70. Observed heterozygosity was also varied from 0.54±0.04 in Coastal to 0.63±0.03 in Barind sheep population. Genetic distance between Jamuna river basin and Barind was lowest (0.01) and between Garole and Costal was highest (0.17). Garoleand Chotonagpuri sheep has higher genetic distance from other three sheep populations. Phylogenetic dendogram showed that sheep of Jamuna river basin and barind were belonged to same genetic group. Whereas, coastal, garole and Nagpur sheeps were shown higher genetic distances from Jamuna river basin and coastal sheep. Considering findings of this study it may be concluded that the Barind and Jamuna river basin sheep belongs to a similar genetic group while, Garole and Coastal sheep are belonging to two distinct genetic groups. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (1): 17-22

Molecular Markers (RAPD and SSR) Based Characterisation of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Moss Hyophila Involuta

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 171-193
Author(s):  
S. Pandey ◽  
A. Alam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Marker System

Genetic relationships among 24 genotypes of Hyophila involuta collected from five different natural populations of Mount Abu (Rajasthan) is analysed using RAPD and SSR markers. Based on efficiency parameters calculated for each marker system such as polymorphic information content (RAPD = 0.34; SSR = 0.66), marker index (RAPD = 2.78; SSR = 2.62) and resolving power (RAPD = 8.13; SSR = 2.23), the RAPD marker system shows higher values for some indices but microsatellites are more accurately reproducible than RAPD. Moreover, in case of the SSR, the average number of alleles was almost twice compared to RAPD. Mean coefficient of genetic differentiation between populations with RAPD was Gst = 0.269, while with SSR marker was Fst = 0.224. The UPGMA cluster analysis assembled genotypes into two main clusters with diverse levels of sub-clustering within the clusters. Also, the Mantel test showed no significant correlation between geographical and genetic distances. The observed moderately high genetic variability can be explained by efficient spore dispersal. Other factors such as reproductive mode, somatic mutation, continuous propagule recruitment and high degree of intermingling have great impact on the level of genetic variability in moss populations.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of Brazilian native bovine breeds

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germana Maria Serrano ◽  
Andréa Alves do Egito ◽  
Concepta McManus ◽  
Arthur da Silva Mariante
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Analysis Of Molecular Variance ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Improvement Strategies ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
The Individual

Conservation and improvement strategies should be based on the association between genetic and phenotypic characteristics. The objective of this work was to characterize five native Brazilian cattle breeds (Caracu, Crioulo Lageano, Curraleiro, National Polled and Pantaneiro) and two commercial breeds (Holstein and Nellore) using RAPD technique to estimate genetic distances and variability between and within breeds. Genetic relationships were investigated using 22 primers which generated 122 polymorphic bands. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that most of the genetic variation lay among individuals within populations. The genetic variabilities between pairs of breeds were statistically significant. The smallest genetic divergence was between Crioulo Lageano and Curraleiro.The National Polled, although historically considered to be of Bos taurus aquitanicus origin,similar to theCaracu, was grouped together with the other breeds of Bos taurus ibericus origin. Generally, the individual breeds formed distinct clusters except the National Polled. The RAPD technique was capable to distinguish genetically between the breeds studied; the Caracu, Crioulo Lageano, Curraleiro and Pantaneiro may be considered distinct genetic entities thereby proving the uniqueness of the populations; the National Polled has not been able to re-establish itself after its decline in the 1950s, thereby losing its genetic identity.

scholarly journals Genetic similarity of Jatropha curcas accessions based on AFLP markers

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Antonio Fernandes Santos ◽  
Marcos Antonio Drumond ◽  
Marciene Amorim Rodrigues ◽  
Marcio Rannieri Viana Evangelista
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Aflp Marker ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Upgma Dendrogram

The genetic relationships between accessions of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) were determined based on AFLP marker. A set of 50 plants from 12 accessions of J. curcas was analyzed with molecular data from 164 loci generated from 17 AFLP primer combinations. Molecular variance of data was analyzed by total decomposition between and within accessions. An UPGMA dendrogram was constructed based on genetic distances estimated by Jaccard's similarity coefficient. The well-defined dendrogram showed a cophenetic value of 0.91. Groups of plants were observed in six of the 12 accessions studied with similarity of over 30 %, indicating high genetic variability. The variation among accessions was estimated to be 0.275, also indicating high variability. These results show that the genetic variability of the studied J. curcas accessions is structured according to the origin and that a greater number of populations should be sampled to increase the genetic diversity of the studied genebank.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism and relationships among several swine populations of landrace, large white and duroc breeds

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-496
Author(s):  
Cláudia Helena Tagliaro ◽  
Maria Helena Lartigau Pereira Franco ◽  
Tania Azevedo Weimer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Large White ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Protein Polymorphisms

The data of three protein polymorphisms were used to investigate the genetic relationships among the Landrace, Large White and Duroc swine breeds reared in Brazil, 12 other populations of these same breeds from various countries and a population of Belgium Landrace. The dendrogram, constructed from matrix of genetic distance coefficients, disclosed three large groups clustered by breed. Among them, the Landrace and the Large White showed in average closer resemblance (D= 0.203) than between them and Duroc (D= 0.241). It the three breeds, the smallest genetic distances were found between Brazilian and Cuban pig populations (Landrace: D = 0.060; Large White: D = 0.052; Duroc: D = 0.065), although there were not reports of pig exchanges between these two countries.

scholarly journals Upstream – News in Genomics

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Samples

In recent months a bumper crop of genomes has been completed, including the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) and rice (Oryza sativa). Two large-scale studies ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeprotein complexes provided a picture of the eukaryotic proteome as a network of complexes. Amongst the other stories of interest was a demonstration that proteomic analysis of blood samples can be used to detect ovarian cancer, perhaps even as early as stage I.

scholarly journals Endocrine Fertility Parameters—Genomic Background and Their Genetic Relationship to Boar Taint in German Landrace and Large White

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Ines Brinke ◽  
Christine Große-Brinkhaus ◽  
Katharina Roth ◽  
Maren Julia Pröll-Cornelissen ◽  
Sebastian Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Large White ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Fertility Traits

The surgical castration of young male piglets without anesthesia is no longer allowed in Germany from 2021. One alternative is breeding against boar taint, but shared synthesis pathways of androstenone (AND) and several endocrine fertility parameters (EFP) indicate a risk of decreasing fertility. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic background between AND, skatole (SKA), and six EFP in purebred Landrace (LR) and Large White (LW) populations. The animals were clustered according to their genetic relatedness because of their different origins. Estimated heritabilities (h2) of AND and SKA ranged between 0.52 and 0.34 in LR and LW. For EFP, h2 differed between the breeds except for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (h2: 0.28–0.37). Both of the breeds showed unfavorable relationships between AND and testosterone, 17-β estradiol, and FSH. The genetic relationships (rg) between SKA and EFP differed between the breeds. A genome-wide association analysis revealed 48 significant associations and confirmed a region for SKA on Sus Scrofa chromosome (SSC) 14. For EFP, the results differed between the clusters. In conclusion, rg partly confirmed physiologically expected antagonisms between AND and EFP. Particular attention should be spent on fertility traits that are based on EFP when breeding against boar taint to balance the genetic progress in both of the trait complexes.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in table grapes based on RAPD and microsatellite markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1035-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Coelho de Souza Leão ◽  
Sérgio Yoshimitsu Motoike
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Pair Group

The objective of this work was to analyze the genetic diversity of 47 table grape accessions, from the grapevine germplasm bank of Embrapa Semiárido, using 20 RAPD and seven microsatellite markers. Genetic distances between pairs of accessions were obtained based on Jaccard's similarity index for RAPD data and on the arithmetic complement of the weighted index for microsatellite data. The groups were formed according to the Tocher's cluster analysis and to the unweighted pair‑group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The microsatellite markers were more efficient than the RAPD ones in the identification of genetic relationships. Information on the genetic distance, based on molecular characteristics and coupled with the cultivar agronomic performance, allowed for the recommendation of parents for crossings, in order to obtain superior hybrids in segregating populations for the table grape breeding program of Embrapa Semiárido.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF RANDOM DRIFT IN A CLINE

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-517
Author(s):  
Thomas Nagylaki ◽  
Bradley Lucier
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Random Genetic Drift ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Random Drift ◽  
Linear Habitat ◽  
Asymptotic Formulae ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Average Position ◽  
Uniform Population

ABSTRACT The equilibrium state of a diffusion model for random genetic drift in a cline is analyzed numerically. The monoecious organism occupies an unbounded linear habitat with constant, uniform population density. Migration is homogeneouq symmetric and independent of genotype. A single diallelic locus with a step environment is investigated in the absence of dominance and mutation. The flattening of the expected cline due to random drift is very slight in natural populations. The ratio of the variance of either gene frequency to the product of the expected gene frequencies decreases monotonically to a nonzero constant. The correlation between the gene frequencies at two points decreases monotonically to zero as the separation is increased with the average position fixed; the decrease is asymptotically exponential. The correlation decreases monotonically to a positive constant depending on the separation as the average position increasingly deviates from the center of the cline with the separation fixed. The correlation also decreases monotonically to zero if one of the points is fixed and the other is moved outward in the habitat, the ultimate decrease again being exponential. Some asymptotic formulae are derived analytically.—The loss of an allele favored in an environmental pocket is investigated by simulating a chain of demes exchanging migrants, the other assumptions being the same as above. For most natural populations, provided the allele would be maintained in the population deterministically, this process is too slow to have evolutionary importance.

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