scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of Brazilian native bovine breeds

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germana Maria Serrano ◽  
Andréa Alves do Egito ◽  
Concepta McManus ◽  
Arthur da Silva Mariante
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Analysis Of Molecular Variance ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Improvement Strategies ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
The Individual

Conservation and improvement strategies should be based on the association between genetic and phenotypic characteristics. The objective of this work was to characterize five native Brazilian cattle breeds (Caracu, Crioulo Lageano, Curraleiro, National Polled and Pantaneiro) and two commercial breeds (Holstein and Nellore) using RAPD technique to estimate genetic distances and variability between and within breeds. Genetic relationships were investigated using 22 primers which generated 122 polymorphic bands. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that most of the genetic variation lay among individuals within populations. The genetic variabilities between pairs of breeds were statistically significant. The smallest genetic divergence was between Crioulo Lageano and Curraleiro.The National Polled, although historically considered to be of Bos taurus aquitanicus origin,similar to theCaracu, was grouped together with the other breeds of Bos taurus ibericus origin. Generally, the individual breeds formed distinct clusters except the National Polled. The RAPD technique was capable to distinguish genetically between the breeds studied; the Caracu, Crioulo Lageano, Curraleiro and Pantaneiro may be considered distinct genetic entities thereby proving the uniqueness of the populations; the National Polled has not been able to re-establish itself after its decline in the 1950s, thereby losing its genetic identity.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of some selected persimmon genotypes and cultivars by srap and ssr markers

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 693-704
Author(s):  
Hasan Pinar ◽  
Ercan Yildiz ◽  
Mustafa Kaplankiran ◽  
Celil Toplu ◽  
Mustafa Unlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Ssr Primers ◽  
Similarity Ratio ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Dna Primers

In this study, SRAP and SSR markers were employed to determine genetic relationships among 42 persimmon genotypes (Diospyros kaki Thunb) obtained from Hatay province and 3 persimmon cultivars, 2 of which belong to Diospyros kaki Thunb and one belongs to Diospyros oleifera Cheng. Genetic relationships were determined by using a total of 29 molecular DNA primers (SRAP and SSR). Of these primers, 21 SRAP primer combinations produced a total of 107 bands and 77.6% of them were polymorphic; 8 SSR primers produced 26 polymorphic bands with an average polymorphism ratio of 84.6%. The SRAP and SSR markers produced 4.6 bands as average and the number of bands produced per marker was calculated as 3.6. The lowest similarity was observed between MK-113 (Diospyros oleifera Cheng) and the other genotypes all belongs to Diospyros kaki Thunb (with similarity ratios of 0.41-0.69 for SRAP primers, between 0.25-0.67 for SSR primers). The genotypes/cultivars belongs to Diospyros kaki had similarity ratio between 0.98-1.00 according to SRAP and SSR markers. This synonym or similarity could be results of clonal propagation rather than autogamy.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of the Moxotó goat breed using RAPD markers

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejane Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Andréa Alves do Egito ◽  
Maria Norma Ribeiro ◽  
Samuel Rezende Paiva ◽  
Maria do Socorro Maués Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Goat Breed ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Analysis Of Molecular Variance ◽  
Polymorphic Bands

The objective of this study was to verify the genetic diversity between and within seven populations of Moxotó goat (n = 264) from the States of Pernambuco, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte, using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Moxotó, as well as other naturalized breeds, suffers genetic losses due to the indiscriminate miscegenation with breeds raised in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The genetic characterization of these genetic resources is essential to conservation and breeding programs. DNA was extracted from lymphocytes using a non-organic protocol. The 16 primers used were selected from 120 decamer oligonucleotide primers and generated 56 polymorphic bands. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the greater part of total genetic variability (71.55%) was due to differences between individuals within populations, while 21.21% was among populations. The analysis of variance among the pairs of populations demonstrated that the populations located in Floresta, PE x Angicos, RN presented a smaller value of intrapopulational differentiation (8.9%), indicating low genetic variability among them. Nei's genetic distances varied between 0.0546 and 0.1868 in the populations. The dendrogram generated showed that the Canindé breed, used as outgroup, clustered with the populations of Moxotó, indicating a possible common origin of the naturalized goat breeds.

scholarly journals Use RAPD Technique for Characterization of Genotypical Variability of Maize Germplasm from SCDA Turda

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodica POP ◽  
Doru PAMFIL ◽  
Monica HÂRŢA ◽  
Ioan HAŞ ◽  
Iulia POP
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Upgma Dendrogram ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Polymorphic Bands

Genetic analysis with RAPD markers has been extensively used to determine diversity among maize genotypes. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic relationships among 70 genotypes, provided from SCDA Turda Cluj germplasm collection. RAPD analysis was performed with 14 decamer primers. These primers generated, among the studied genotypes, a number of polymorphic bands comprised between 13 bands (OPA 04) and 7 bands (OPAL 20). The highest numbers of polymorphic bands were obtained with primer OPA 04, respectively 13 bands, following by OPO 12 (12 polymorphic bands), OPAB 11 and OPA 17 (11 polymorphic bands). Lowest number was obtained with primer OPAL 20, respectively 7 polymorphic bands. Genetic distances were established using Nei-Li coefficient and UPGMA dendrogram was constructed with RAPDistance 1.04 software. The built dendrogram shows phylogenetic relationships between genotypes analyzed.

scholarly journals Genetic variation among Iranian alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) populations based on RAPD markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Hassan Monirifar ◽  
Jalal Saba ◽  
Mostafa Valizadeh ◽  
Ahmad Razban Haghighi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Analysis Of Molecular Variance ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
High Level

Genetic diversity among and within 10 populations of Iranian alfalfa, from different areas of Azarbaijan, Iran was analyzed by screening DNA from seeds of individual plants and bulk samples. In individual study, 10 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers produced 156 polymorphic bands and a high level of genetic diversity was observed within populations. The averages of total and within population genetic diversity were 0.2349 and 0.1892, respectively. Results of analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed the great genetic variation existed within populations (81.37%). These Results were in agreement with allogamous and polyploid nature of alfalfa. Cluster analysis was performed based on Nei’s genetic distances resulting in grouping into 3 clusters which could separate breeding population from other populations. Results of cluster analysis were in consistent with morphological and geographical patterns of populations. The results of bulk method were different from individual analysis. Our results showed that RAPD analysis is a suitable method to study genetic diversity and relationships among alfalfa populations.Keywords: Alfalfa; RAPD; Genetic diversity; Analysis of Molecular Variance; Cluster analysis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v18i2.9296Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18: (2): 93-104, 2011 (December)

scholarly journals Biochemical polymorphisms and genetic relationships between Brazilian and foreign breeds of pigs reared in Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Helena Tagliaro ◽  
Maria Helena Lartigau Pereira Franco ◽  
Maria Paula Cruz Schneider ◽  
Benito Guimarães de Brito ◽  
Antonio Stockler Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Paternity Testing ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Large White ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Biochemical Polymorphisms ◽  
Paternity Exclusion

The genetic variability of 14 protein systems encoded by 15 structural loci was investigated in blood samples of Piau and Caruncho pig breeds. The results were compared with those obtained previously for samples of Landrace, Large White, Duroc and Mouro. The degree of genetic variability obtained for Piau (He=0.114) was similar to that estimated for other breeds reared in Brazil (Landrace, He=0.116; Large White, He=0.119; Duroc, 0.095; Mouro, He= 0.130). Caruncho showed the lowest variability (He= 0.056). The gene frequencies at the polymorphic loci were used to evaluate the usefulness of these systems for paternity testing and the combined probabilities of paternity exclusion were estimated at 58% for the Piau and 36% for the Caruncho breed. Analysis of genetic distances revealed that the greatest similarity observed was between Piau and Landrace (D=0.042). Caruncho showed the greatest divergence among all breeds compared and the distances between this breed and others range from 0.107 (with Landrace) to 0.176 (with Duroc). The tree constructed by UPGMA and Rogers’ Distance gave a topology in which Piau and Mouro joined with the European breeds (Landrace and Large White) whereas Caruncho was separated from all the other breeds. The results of the analysis of the Caruncho samples should be interpreted with caution since the number of animals studied was small.

scholarly journals Genetic Relationships and Reproductive Traits of Romanian Populations of Silver Fir (Abies alba): Implications for the Sustainable Management of Local Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4199
Author(s):  
Irina Maria Todea Morar ◽  
Stephanie Rensen ◽  
Santiago Vilanova ◽  
Monica Boscaiu ◽  
Liviu Holonec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Storage Methods

Assessment of the diversity of reproductive traits and genetic variation is of great relevance to the conservation of genetic resources and management of silver fir (Abies alba) populations. We have evaluated reproductive characteristics associated with female cones and seed morphology, as well as seed germination after subjecting seeds to five storage methods, in nine Romanian populations of A. alba. The genetic diversity of the populations was assessed with 12 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We detected significant differences between populations for all reproductive traits and considerable differences in seed germination and storage methods; seed storage in wet sand was the method resulting in the highest germination in all populations. Genomic SSRs (gSSRs) were more informative on average than expressed sequence tag SSRs (EST-SSRs) in the populations studied. The nine populations were genetically diverse, with an average number of alleles (N) per SSR locus between 3.50 and 4.83. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) in the nine populations was always lower than the expected heterozygosity (He), which resulted in values of the inbreeding coefficient (Fis) between 0.261 and 0.709. Genetic distances between populations ranged between 0.077 and 0.410. The cluster analysis based on genetic distances did not group accessions according to their geographical proximity, and despite a positive trend, the correlation between geographic and genetic distances was non-significant. The results of an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that only 9.1% of the total molecular variance is attributable to differences between populations. This low degree of genetic differentiation between populations is confirmed by the intermingling of individuals of different populations in a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). We found evidence of a positive relationship between He and germination, as well as a negative one between Fis and germination, suggesting that populations with low diversity and high consanguinity may have a reduced fitness and long-term viability. The results are relevant for the conservation and management of local genetic resources and populations, as well as for reforestation programmes of silver fir.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic differentiation of populations by analysis of molecular variance (analytical review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-187
Author(s):  
V. M. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Difference Matrix ◽  
Analysis Of Molecular Variance ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Genetic Differentiation Of Populations ◽  
Mantel Correlations

Different approaches to using the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) to assess the genetic differentiation of populations have been compared in the research. Data on 11 microsatellite loci of 84 bulls of seven breeds were used. The results were compared for three options of the AMOVA module of the GenAlEx 6.502 program: the allele distance matrix (calculated FST(W&C)(=θ) statistics – variant AMOVA1); the genotype distance matrix (ΦPT– AMOVA2); and the allele size difference matrix (RST– AMOVA3). Similar summary estimates of the genetic differentiation of breeds were obtained: FST(W&C)= 0.108, ΦPT= 0.115, RST= 0.110 (all with pperm≤ 0.001). Between the estimates of FST(W&C)and ΦPTfor each locus, the correlation coefficient was 0.99 (pvalue<0.0001); no statistically significant correlations with RSTwere found. A high correlation of FST(W&C)and ΦPTwith the estimates of differentiation according to Nei’s (0.96) was found. Programs other than GenAlEx (Arlequin v.3.5, GenePop v.4.7.3, RST22) gave similar AMOVA estimates. The negative linear dependence of FST(W&C)and ΦPTon the level of the average heterozygosity of the breed samples was established (R2= 0.6, rS= -0.75 for pvalue < 0.02) and the absence of such dependence for RST(R2= 0.04, rS= -0.23 for pvalue= 0.47). The standardization of the FST(W&C)and ΦPTestimates according to Hedrick’s eliminated this dependence and raised the initial estimates to 0.35 and 0.37, respectively. The latter were comparable to the estimates obtained by the Nei-Hedrick’s (0.364-0.375), Jost’s (0.292), and Morisit-Horn’s (0.308) methods. The Mantel correlations between the matrices of paired genetic distances (GD) calculated by different measures were >0.9 in most cases. The projections of the GD matrices in the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on the 2D plane were generally similar. The PCoA identified a cluster of Holstein «ecotypes», a cluster of «Red» breeds, and a branch of the Jersey breed. In the two-factor AMOVA of data on clusters (as two «regions»), the interregional GD was 0.357; the differentiation of breeds within the «regions» did not exceed 0.027. Modeling the association of breeds with close to zero GD resulted in an increase in the number of alleles per locus in the «new» breeds by 29 %, and an increase in the combined estimate of genetic differentiation by 29-46 %. The results obtained can be used in the development of measures for the conservation of endangered breeds.

Evaluation of beef breeds for rangeland weaner production in Zimbabwe 2. Productivity of crossbred cows and heterosis estimates

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. R. Tawonezvi ◽  
H. K. Ward ◽  
J. C. M. Trail ◽  
D. Light
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Productivity Indices ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Zebu Cows

ABSTRACTCrossbred cows were evaluated for reproductive performance and live weight, and for pre-weaning growth and viability of progeny sired by seven unrelated breeds. They were also evaluated on overall productivity expressed as weight of weaned calf per cow mated per year, per 100 kg of cow per year and per 100 kg metabolic weight of cow per year. The cows comprised reciprocals of Africander with Mashona, Nkone, Brahman and Sussex, one-way crosses sired by Sussex out of Mashona, Nkone and Brahman dams, and by Charolais out of Africander, Mashona, Nkone, Brahman and Sussex dams. These represented sanga × sanga, sanga × zebu, Bos taurus × sanga, Bos taurus × zebu and Bos taurus × Bos taurus crossbred types. Bos taurus × zebu crosses were superior to other breed types for all the three productivity indices and for virtually all the individual components of these. There was little difference between the other four breed types in overall productivity of components of these. Differences between reciprocals were observed in sanga × sanga and sanga × zebu, cows with Africander dams being more productive than reciprocals with Mashona, Nkone and Brahman dams. The Bos taurus × Bos taurus cross was inferior in overall productivity primarily due to large cow weight and relatively low growth rate of progeny. Progeny sired by Friesian, Simmental and Brahman had higher weaning weights than those sired by Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Africander and Tuli. Overall, heterosis was positive for all traits and averaged 0·15 for the three measures of cow productivity. Heterosis was three times higher in the Bos taurus × Bos indicus cross than in the Bos indicus crosses.

Writing in Aphasia Rehabilitation: Cursive vs Manuscript

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Boone ◽  
Harold M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Read Number

Reading and writing performance was observed in 30 adult aphasic patients to determine whether there was a significant difference when stimuli and manual responses were varied in the written form: cursive versus manuscript. Patients were asked to read aloud 10 words written cursively and 10 words written in manuscript form. They were then asked to write on dictation 10 word responses using cursive writing and 10 words using manuscript writing. Number of words correctly read, number of words correctly written, and number of letters correctly written in the proper sequence were tallied for both cursive and manuscript writing tasks for each patient. Results indicated no significant difference in correct response between cursive and manuscript writing style for these aphasic patients as a group; however, it was noted that individual patients varied widely in their success using one writing form over the other. It appeared that since neither writing form showed better facilitation of performance, the writing style used should be determined according to the individual patient’s own preference and best performance.

Margaret Mahy: An Adlerian Reading

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
KATHRYN WALLS
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Psychology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Alfred Adler ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
Margaret Mahy ◽  
The Individual

According to the ‘Individual Psychology’ of Alfred Adler (1870–1937), Freud's contemporary and rival, everyone seeks superiority. But only those who can adapt their aspirations to meet the needs of others find fulfilment. Children who are rejected or pampered are so desperate for superiority that they fail to develop social feeling, and endanger themselves and society. This article argues that Mahy's realistic novels invite Adlerian interpretation. It examines the character of Hero, the elective mute who is the narrator-protagonist of The Other Side of Silence (1995) , in terms of her experience of rejection. The novel as a whole, it is suggested, stresses the destructiveness of the neurotically driven quest for superiority. Turning to Mahy's supernatural romances, the article considers novels that might seem to resist the Adlerian template. Focusing, in particular, on the young female protagonists of The Haunting (1982) and The Changeover (1984), it points to the ways in which their magical power is utilised for the sake of others. It concludes with the suggestion that the triumph of Mahy's protagonists lies not so much in their generally celebrated ‘empowerment’, as in their transcendence of the goal of superiority for its own sake.

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