scholarly journals Efficiency of aquatic macrophytes to treat Nile tilapia pond effluents

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Gonzaga Henry-Silva ◽  
Antonio Fernando Monteiro Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen

The effluents from fish farming can increase the quantity of suspended solids and promote the enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus in aquatic ecosystems. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of three species of floating aquatic macrophytes (Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia molesta) to treat effluents from Nile tilapia culture ponds. The effluent originated from a 1,000-m² pond stocked with 2,000 male Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. The treatment systems consisted of 12 experimental tanks, three tanks for each macrophyte species, and three control tanks (without plants). Water samples were collected from the: (i) fish pond source water, (ii) effluent from fish pond and (iii) effluents from the treatment tanks. The following water variables were evaluated: turbidity, total and dissolved nitrogen, ammoniacal-N, nitrate-N, nitrite-N, total phosphorus and dissolved phosphorus. E. crassipes and P. stratiotes were more efficient in total phosphorus removal (82.0% and 83.3%, respectively) and total nitrogen removal (46.1% and 43.9%, respectively) than the S. molesta (72.1% total phosphorus and 42.7% total nitrogen) and the control (50.3% total phosphorus and 22.8% total nitrogen), indicating that the treated effluents may be reused in the aquaculture activity.

Remediation of Eutrophic Water Body by Zoobenthos

2011 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
pp. 473-479
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
Ding Long Li ◽  
Xiang Ji Kong ◽  
Yi Min Zhang ◽  
Jian Ying Chao
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Suspended Substance

To study the temperature factor affecting nutrient release of Cipangopludina Chinensis, laboratory simulation experiments were carried out, and other traits of Cipangopludina Chinensis, such as the effects of nitrogen cycling, phosphorus cycling, suspended substance in water column. Results showed that temperature had great influence on nutrient release of Cipangopaludina Chinensis. The release rate of total nitrogen and dissolved nitrogen increased, but not clear. The release rate of total phosphorus and dissolved Phosphorus increased greatly. When the temperature rose from 8 °Cto15 °C and 35 °C, the release rate of total nitrogen was increased by 5.71% and 23.43%;The release rate of dissolved nitrogen was increased by 6.76% and 17.57%. While the release rate of total phosphorus was increased by 92.60% and 208.35%,the release rate of dissolved phosphorus was increased by 2.25% and 110.17%. At the same situation, the release rate of ammonia nitrogen was increased by 1.89% and 26.55%, The release rate of phosphate was increased by14.27% and 225.96%, but temperature had little influence on nitrate nitrogen. In addition, temperature had little influence on suspended substance(P>0.05). In a word, zoobenthos play a significant role on eutrophic purification, which provide reference for lake eutrophication control.

scholarly journals Reducing Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Different Crop Types in the Water Source Area of the Danjiang River, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjing Guo ◽  
Tiegang Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Zhanbin Li ◽  
Guoce Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Bare Land

Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential for plant growth and are the primary limiting nutrient elements. The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural systems can cause the eutrophication of natural water bodies. In this paper, a field simulated rainfall experiment was conducted in a typical small watershed of the Danjiang River to study the nutrient loss process of nitrogen and phosphorus in slope croplands subjected to different crops and tillage measures. The characteristics of the runoff process and nutrient migration of different slope treatments were studied, which were the bare-land (BL, as the control), peanut monoculture (PL), corn monoculture (CL), bare land (upper slope) mixed with peanut monoculture (lower slope) (BP), corn and peanut intercropping (TCP), corn and soybean intercropping (TCS), downslope ridge cultivation (BS) slope, and straw-mulched (SC), respectively. The results showed that the runoff of CL, SC, TCS, BS, BP, PL and TCP slope types were 93%, 75%, 51%, 39%, 28%, 12%, and 6% of the those of the bare land, respectively. The total nitrogen concentration in runoff on different slope types decreased in the order of BP > PL > BS > SC > TCP > BL > CL > TCS. The BL was characterized with the highest NRL-TN (the loss of total nitrogen per unit area), with the value of 1.188 kg/hm2, while those of the TCP is the smallest with the value of 0.073 kg/hm2. The total phosphorus concentration in runoff decreasd in the order of BS > BP > PL > BL > TCP > SC > CL > TCS. The PRL-TP (the loss of total phosphorus per unit area) of BL is the largest (0.016 kg/hm2), while those of TCP is the smallest (0.001 kg/hm2). These indicate that the loss of nitrogen is much higer than that of phosphorus. The loss of nitrogen in runoff is dominated by nitrate nitrogen, which accounts for 54.4%–78.9% of TN. Slope croplands in the water source area should adopt the tillage measures of TCP and PL.These measures can reduce 85% of the runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus compared to the bare land. The results may assist in agricultural non-point source pollution control and help promote improved management of the water environment in the Danjiang River’s water source area.

scholarly journals Distributions and stoichiometry of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in the iron-fertilized region near Kerguelen (Southern Ocean)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Blain ◽  
J. Capparos ◽  
A. Guéneuguès ◽  
I. Obernosterer ◽  
L. Oriol
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Species ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Preferential Uptake

Abstract. During KEOPS2 (Kerguelen Ocean and Plateau Compared Study 2), we determined dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen and phosphorus species in the naturally fertilized region of Kerguelen Island (Southern Ocean). Above 150 m, stations were clearly separated by the polar front (PF), with concentrations of NO3-, NO2- and PO43- overall lower north of the PF than south. Though less pronounced, a similar trend was detectable for dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). At all stations offshore and above the plateau, a subsurface maximum of NH4+ was observed between 50 and 150 m. We examined nutrient stoichiometry by calculating the linear combination N* = [NO3-]-16 [PO43-]. The majority of stations and depths revealed N* close to −3 μM; however, for surface waters north of the PF, N* increased up to 6 μM. This suggests a preferential uptake of PO43- versus NO3- by fast-growing diatoms. Using the tracer TNxs = [TDN]-16[TDP] (TDN, total dissolved nitrogen; TDP, total dissolved phosphorus) revealed that the dissolved organic fraction significantly contributed to changes in TNxs. TNxs values were negative for most stations and depths, and relatively constant in the 0–500 m layer. As for N*, the stations north of the PF had higher TNxs in the 0–100 m layer. We discuss this stoichiometric anomaly with respect to possible external sources and sinks of N and P. Additional data collected in February 2013 at two sites revealed the occurrence of a subsurface minimum of N* located just below the pycnocline, which denotes a layer where remineralization of particulate organic matter with low N : P ratio P, possibly associated with preferential remineralization of P versus N, persists throughout the season.

The Effects of Estuary Dredging on Removing Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Dianchi Lake, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2895-2899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Hong Zhan ◽  
Sha Deng ◽  
Zhao Xin Li ◽  
Yu Luo ◽  
Ting Ting Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dianchi Lake ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Sediment Dredging ◽  
Internal Nutrient Loading

Sediment dredging is currently the most commonly selected option for getting rid of contaminated sediments. In this study, the effects of estuary dredging on removing nitrogen and phosphorus were investigated by comparing the different vertical nutrient content between the dredged and un-dredged areas in Dianchi Lake. The results showed that the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the un-dredged areas were relatively higher than that in dredged areas. Besides, the contents of bio-available nitrogen and phosphorus represented the similar results, only a few dredged spots showed a higher potential releasing capacity. Therefore, with the reduction of internal nutrient loading, it indicated that sediment dredging might be an effective and reliable way to improve such eutrophic lakes.

scholarly journals Badania modelowe skuteczności oczyszczania ścieków w piasku średnim z warstwą wspomagającą z hydro-antracytu

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Marek Kalenik
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Sewage Purification

The model investigations of sewage purification were carried out in a medium sand bed with an assisting hydro-anthracite layer with thickness of 0.10 and 0.20 m. It has been observed that the effectiveness of sewage purification related to basic qualitative parameters (total suspended solids – TSS, BOD5, COD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus) is in accordance with the Polish standards on sewage disposal into grounds and surface water. It has been stated that the medium sand soil bed with the 0.20-meter thick assisting hydro-anthracite layer shows higher effectiveness of sewage purification than the 0.10 m thick assisting layer. This application in the medium sand soil bed increased the removal efficiency regarding TSS by 3.1%, total nitrogen by 29.4%, ammonia nitrogen by 1.2% and total phosphorus by 23.0%, and reduction efficiency regarding BOD5 by 1.5% and COD by 11.3% with relation to the 0.10-meter thick assisting hydro-anthracite layer (all percentages – in average). The investigations confirm that the hydro-anthracite with the granulation of 1.8–2.5 mm can be used to assist in removal of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from sewages

scholarly journals Cobia cage culture distribution mapping and carrying capacity assessment in Phu Quoc, Kien Giang province

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Hong Diep Nguyen ◽  
Glino Gallardo Wenresti ◽  
Kumar Tripathi Nitin ◽  
Hoang Minh Truong
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Cage Culture ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Coastal Aquaculture ◽  
Distribution Mapping ◽  
Marine Culture

Cobia fish cage is the most popular marine culture species raised in Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam. For its sustainable development, there is a need to determine the carrying capacity to avoid negative marine environmental impact in the future. This study was carried out to collect water samples each two months at the lowest and highest tides at four points around the farming area in Rach Vem, Phu Quoc Island, Kien Giang Province from February to October 2011. Water quality in cobia cage culture was surveyed to assess the environmental status of coastal aquaculture areas including seven parameters such as DO, COD, BOD, TSS, TN, TP and Chlorophyll-a. These parameters are suitable to rear cobia fish cage in this area. Nitrogen and phosphorus are considered as the principal nutrients produced by the cobia fish farm and affecting water environment. This study found that the carrying capacity for fish cage farming in the area is 290.96 to 727.81 tons (based on total nitrogen) and 428.64 to 1,383.88 tons (based on total phosphorus) from February to Au-gust 2011. The maximum number of cobia cages should be, based on total nitrogen, from 64 to 266 and, based on total phosphorus, from 94 to 253. Moreover, this study examined the possibility of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technique based on Object-based Image Analysis (OBIA) method by THEOS imagery for mapping of cage culture facilities and detect the location for cobia cage culture in study area. Cá bớp nuôi lồng bè là một trong những loài cá nuôi phổ biến khu vực ven biển Phú Quốc, Việt nam. Nhằm phát triển bền vững vùng ven biển, đề tài thực hiện đã xác định và đánh giá hiện trạng môi trường nước và sức tải môi trường của nghề nuôi cá bớp lồng bè ở đảo Phú Quốc. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện thông qua việc thu mẫu môi trường nước mỗi 2 tháng theo mức nước triều cao nhất và thấp nhất tại 4 điểm quanh khu vực nuôi tại ấp Rạch Vẹm, huyện Phú Quốc, tỉnh Kiên Giang từ tháng 02-10/2011. Chất lượng nước khu vực nuôi thủy sản cũng được khảo sát với 7 chỉ tiêu gồm DO, COD, BOD, TSS, TN, TP, Chlorophyll-a. Các thông số chất lượng môi trường này phù hợp nuôi cá bớp tại khu vực nghiên cứu dựa trên tiêu chuẩn chất lượng môi trường. Trong nghiên cứu này, đạm và lân là 2 thông số được sử dụng để tính toán sức tải môi trường. Sức tải môi trường được tính toán cho khu vực nuôi cá bớp dao động khoảng từ 290.96 tấn đến 727.81 tấn (tính trên hàm lượng đạm tổng số) và từ 428,64 tấn đến 1.383,88 tấn (tính trên hàm lượng lân tổng số) trong thời gian từ tháng 2 đến tháng 10 năm 2011. Số lượng tối đa lồng bè nuôi cá bớp khoảng từ 64 đến 266 (đạm tổng số) và từ 94 đến 253 (lân tổng số) dựa vào phân tích hồi quy tương quan. Bên cạnh đó, công nghệ viễn thám và hệ thống thông tin địa lý (GIS) đã được ứng dụng bằng cách sử dụng ảnh THEOS để xác định vị trí và phân bố không gian khu vực nuôi cá lồng bè dựa trên phương pháp phân tích đối tượng theo hướng (OBIA).

Preliminary Chemical Characterization of Waters in the Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. J. Armstrong ◽  
D. W. Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Northwestern Ontario

Water analyses in 1968 and 1969 from 40 small lakes within a small area of the Canadian Shield in northwestern Ontario gave mean values for Ca, Na, Mg, and K of 1.6, 0.9, 0.9, and 0.4 mg/liter with Ca > Na > Mg > K on a molar basis. HCO3, SO4, and Cl (on a smaller number of samples) were 4.1, 3.0, and 1.4 mg/liter. Total CO2 was variable in the range 0.3–12.0 mg/liter. Specific conductance was in the range 10–35 μmho/cm at 25 C and pH 5.4–7.5. Color was < 5–150 Hazen units, and plant pigments (as chlorophyll a) < 1–21 μg/liter. Total dissolved nitrogen was in the range 110–300 mg N/liter and total dissolved phosphorus 3–20 μg P/liter. NO3-N and PO4-P were often undetectable in summer, and reached winter maxima around 100 and 10 μg/liter.Total dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus contents of five lakes were computed at the beginning and end of periods of several weeks during summer stagnation. Changes were negligibly small in three of the deeper lakes, but the two shallowest showed increases of 0.22 and 0.62 g N/m2 and 0.03 and 0.13 g P/m2. Analyses of precipitation and stream waters were used, with stream flow rates, to calculate input and output of nutrients from four of these lakes during the same periods. Retention of nutrients had occurred in all, and it was concluded that in the two deeper lakes nutrients had been lost to the sediments, whereas in the two shallower ones the increases in dissolved nutrients found were derived from the sediments.Analyses of 33 other Canadian Shield lake areas and of 13 other dilute lakes in other regions are tabulated. Comparison with the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) lakes shows that the latter are more dilute than any in the Shield area except for some in the Northwest Territories, and much more dilute than any others in the world except for some alpine lakes in California.

A Study of the Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Aquatic Ecosystem Health Status

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 864-867
Author(s):  
Yi Xin Xu ◽  
Hua Yong Zhang ◽  
Xiang Xu ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Fei Li
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Significant Change

Eco-exergy which is a thermodynamic indicator is applied to assess the ecosystem health status of QiXing Lake. And effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on ecosystem health status have been investigated. The results indicate that the ecosystem which contains macrophytes has the better health status than that does not contain macrophytes when they have the same concentration of nitrogen or phosphorus. The ecosystem health status decreased as the concentration of total nitrogen increased when the ecosystem contains macrophytes. However, the ecosystem health status has not significant change as the concentration of total nitrogen increased when the ecosystem does not contains macrophytes. It has the same law for total phosphorus.

scholarly journals Diatom genus Planothidium (Bacillariophyta) from streams and rivers in California, USA: diversity, distribution and autecology

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 470 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
ROSALINA STANCHEVA ◽  
NATHANIEL V. KRISTAN ◽  
WILLIAM B. KRISTAN III ◽  
ROBERT G. SHEATH
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Randomization Test ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Streams And Rivers ◽  
Weighted Averages ◽  
Diatom Genus ◽  
Current Species

The diatom genus Planothidium from streams and rivers in California was studied by applying the most current species designations. Twenty Planothidium taxa were identified in total, including a previously undescribed species, Planothidium californicum. Extensive light and scanning electron microscopic documentation is provided to support consistent further identification of the taxa for the local stream bioassessment. The most common and abundant species, recorded across the entire state, were P. frequentissimum, P. lanceolatum, P. victorii, P. cryptolanceolatum, P. amphibium, and P. minutissimum. Species ranges and species-weighted averages for the main anthropogenic stressors, i.e. chloride, conductivity, dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were determined for the eleven most common Planothdium taxa. Statistically significant differences among species weighted averages were determined by randomization test. Of these eleven species, P. delicatulum, P. robustum, P. engelbrechtii, P. frequentissimum and P. victorii had the highest weighted averages along the chloride and conductivity gradients. P. potapovae, Planothidium sp. 1, P. amphibium, and P. engelbrechtii had narrow nutrient ranges and lowest weighted averages for total nitrogen and phosphorus, making them significantly different from P. delicatulum which had highest total nitrogen average and from P. minutissimum, associated with highest total phosphorus average level. Given that there were differences in associations with environmental variables between recently described species, it is important to use the new taxonomy when using diatoms in bioassessment work.

Sources, diversity and circulation of biogenic compounds in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Nędzarek
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Admiralty Bay ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

AbstractThis paper presents horizontal and seasonal differences in the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface waters of Admiralty Bay. The average annual concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were found to be 1.054 and 0.129 mg dm-3 respectively. Organic nitrogen constituted 59% of total nitrogen on average, while N-NO3- was substantially higher than N-NH4+ (0.362 and 0.062 mgN dm-3, respectively). Organic phosphorus constituted 34% of total phosphorus on average, and the mean annual concentration of reactive phosphorus was 0.085 mgP dm-3. The observed concentrations of N and P were higher in the nearshore area and lower in the central part of the Admiralty Bay basin. In explaining this account was taken of surface runoff into the bay, the decay of marine macroalgae in the tidal area and the excretion of N and P by marine animals. The concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in freshwater streams varied from 0.528–5.698 mgN dm-3 and from 0.088–1.709 mgP dm-3. In laboratory experiments, 24-hour loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus released from the remains of macroalgae into the waters of the bay were estimated at about 6.2 tN and 10.3 tP, while the approximate quantities excreted by macrozoobenthos were 482 kgN and 48 kgP. The availability of N-NH4+ was seen to be greater in the waters of the bay than has been reported for open water in this part of the ocean and water from the Bransfield Strait had a diluting effect on the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the bay. The role of the wind in carrying mineral salts from waters of the Bay to the inland environment was also discussed.

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