scholarly journals Production and body composition traits of broilers in relation to breast weight evaluated by path analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Homrich Lorentz ◽  
Leila de Genova Gaya ◽  
Raquel Lunedo ◽  
José Bento Sterman Ferraz ◽  
Fernanda Marcondes de Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Breast Weight

Breast weight has great economic importance in poultry industry, and may be associated with other variables. This work aimed to estimate phenotypic correlations between performance (live body weight at 7 and 28 days, and at slaughter, and depth of the breast muscle measured by ultrasonography), carcass (eviscerated body weight and leg weight) and body composition (heart, liver and abdominal fat weight) traits in a broiler line, and quantify the direct and indirect influence of these traits on breast weight. Path analysis was used by expanding the matrix of partial correlation in coefficients which give the direct influence of one trait on another, regardless the effect of the other traits. The simultaneous maintenance of live body weight at slaughter and eviscerated body weight in the matrix of correlations might be harmful for statistical analysis involving systems of normal equations, like path analysis, due to the observed multicollinearity. The live body weight at slaughter and the depth of the breast muscle as measured by ultrasonography directly affected breast weight and were identified as the most responsible factors for the magnitude of the correlation coefficients obtained between the studied traits and breast weight. Individual pre-selection for these traits could favor an increased breast weight in the future reproducer candidates of this line if the broilers' environmental conditions and housing are maintained, since the live body weight at slaughter and the depth of breast muscle measured by ultrasonography were directly related to breast weight.

scholarly journals Study of failures in a rabbit line selected for growth rate

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Naturil-Alfonso ◽  
R. Lavara ◽  
P. Millán ◽  
P.G. Rebollar ◽  
J.S. Vicente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Perirenal Fat

<p>Selection for growth rate is negatively related with reproductive fitness. The aim of this work was to analyse the causes of fertility failure in rabbit does selected for growth rate and characterised for reproductive deficiencies (line R). In the experiment, 82 does were divided into 2 groups: naturally mated (NM) and artificially inseminated (AI), to relate luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration with ovulation induction and pregnancy rate by laparoscopic determination. Additionally, in 38 of these females ovulation rate and metabolites determination (leptin, NEFA, BOHB and glucose) were analysed and perirenal fat thickness measurement and live body weight (LBW) determined. The results showed that all ovulated does (both NM and AI) presented higher concentrations of LH than non-ovulated females. In addition, non-ovulated females showed high levels of leptin and BOHB, as well as LBW. Females from line R have an inherit reduced fertility due to ovulation failure as a consequence of a reduction in LH release, which could be explained by a heavier body weight and higher leptin concentrations.</p>

Phenotypic variation in residual food intake of mice at different ages and its relationship with efficiency of growth, maintenance and body composition

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Archer ◽  
W. S. Pitchford
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Young Mice

AbstractFood intake and body weight of 119 mice was measured from 3 to 18 weeks of age. Residual food intake was calculated for each week as the variation in food intake independent of variation in weight gain, weight maintained and sex. Growth efficiency and maintenance requirement were calculated by fitting curves to data from 3 to 18 weeks. The repeatability of residual food intake was low in young mice, but increased as they matured. Growth efficiency was correlated with residual food intake in very young mice. Residual food intake was not correlated with maintenance requirement in young mice, but as mice matured the correlation of residual food intake with maintenance requirement increased to 0·6. Body composition at maturity was correlated with residual food intake and maintenance requirement of mature mice, but a large proportion of the variation in residual food intake and maintenance requirement was independent of body composition. The results suggest that the age at which residual food intake is measured is important if it is to be used as a criterion for selection for efficiency.

scholarly journals Age and Training-Related Changes on Body Composition and Fitness in Male Amateur Cyclists

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
José Ramón Alvero-Cruz ◽  
Jerónimo C. García Romero ◽  
Francisco Javier Ordonez ◽  
Denis Mongin ◽  
Lorena Correas-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

Master athletes are considered as a model of healthy aging because they can limit the age-related decline of physiological abilities compared to sedentary individuals. The main objective of this study is to analyze age-related changes and annual training on body composition (BC) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) parameters. The participants in this retrospective cross-sectional study were 176 male cyclists, aged 40–60 years. BC was evaluated through anthropometric measurements and CRF was determined by an incremental cycle ergometer test to exhaustion. A comparative study between age groups was carried out through a one-way ANOVA test and the associations between the variables were assessed by Spearman’s correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis to estimate the performance. Training was generally associated with a decrease in both body weight and body fat (p < 0.05). A decrease in resting heart rate was observed as a vagal effect of kilometers cycled per year (p < 0.05). Kilometers cycled per year were associated with an increase in peak power output, which was larger in the master 40 group (p < 0.05) with a non-significant upward in VO2max (p > 0.05). In the performance prediction model, the included variables explained 52% of the variance. In summary, the changes induced by age were minimal in BC and negligible in CRF, whereas HR decreased with age. Training load was generally associated with a decrease in body weight, BMI and body fat percentage that was particularly notable in the abdominal skin folds. A decrease in HRrest was observed as a vagal effect due to kilometers cycled per year, and age did not seem to have a significant effect. The annual cycling kilometers were associated with to high PPO that is greater in the M40 group and a non-significant upward trend in VO2max.

scholarly journals Exploring Relationships Between Anthropometry, Body Composition, Maturation, and Selection for Competition: A Study in Youth Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Cain C. T. Clark ◽  
César Leão ◽  
Ana Filipa Silva ◽  
Ricardo Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Large Correlation ◽  
Selection For

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze variations of selection for competition between late and early mature players and test the relationships between anthropometry, body composition, maturation, and selection for competition.MethodsSeventy-nine youth soccer players from under-11 to under-14 participated in this study, over 6 months. Body composition and maturity offset were estimated based on anthropometric data collected. Participants were also monitored for their number of matches as starters and time of play accrued in minutes.ResultsMinutes played had large correlation coefficients with maturity offset (r = 0.58), and leg length and sitting height interaction (r = 0.56). Multiple linear regression explained 35% of the variation in minutes played (p &lt; 0.001, R2 = 0.41, R2adjusted = 0.35, RMSE = 334.8), but only 12% of the variation in matches as starter (p = 0.04, R2 = 0.21, R2adjusted = 0.12, RMSE = 5.47) between above and below the median of the maturity offset was accounted for, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough maturation may play a role in the minutes of play accrued and matches as starters in young, it is not necessarily determining. A significant amount of the variation in the minutes of play accrued of players can be accounted for when considering body composition and anthropometric data.

Genetic parameters for a heavy female turkey line

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
A. D. Kranis ◽  
J. A. Woolliams ◽  
W. G. Hill ◽  
P. M. Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Commercial Company ◽  
Egg Number ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Simultaneous Selection ◽  
Selection For

The major selection criterion in the turkey breeding industry is increased breast muscle and body weight in order to adapt to market demands. In female lines a dual selection for both body weight and egg production is performed. However, most published estimates indicate a variable correlation between growth and egg number (Nestor et al., 1996) and so the challenge posed is how to best to select for those opposing goals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of simultaneous selection for body weight and egg number by estimating the genetic parameters for a research population held by a commercial company in two different locations.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal ultrasound as an indicator of physical condition in oncological patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-106
Author(s):  
López-Garzón MC ◽  
Cantarero-Villanueva I. ◽  
Postigo-Martín EP ◽  
Galiano-Castillo N.
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oncological Patients ◽  
Isokinetic Torque ◽  
Effect Of Age

Abstract Background and Aim In 2018, cancer survival (colorectal and breast cancer) rates at five years are estimated at 68%, which is very promising data, however this makes cancer a chronic disease. The illness itself and its treatment negatively affect muscle strength, functional capacity and body composition of these patients. This hampers the performance of activities of daily living, work and leisure. In recent years, ultrasound has evolved as being a useful, simple and innocuous tool to evaluate the muscle architecture in different groups of the population.Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether the muscle architecture of the quadriceps, measured using ultrasound, is associated with muscle strength, functional capacity and body composition in patients with cancer (colorectal and breast cancer) who have completed medical treatment. Material and Methods A sample of 11 patients (n = 2 breast cancer and n = 9 colorectal cancer) were recruited from the University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves (Granada). An analytical, observational, cross-sectional study was performed in which the width of the quadriceps was assessed (distance between the upper border of the rectus femoris muscle and the superior margin of the femur) in a cross-sectional image using ultrasound (SAMSUNG, HM70A, Seoul, KR) in the dominant lower limb. Furthermore, we evaluated isokinetic muscle strength of knee extensors to 300°/s and isometric muscle strength of the quadriceps using the dynamometer (Humac Norm, 502140, Stoughton, MA), functional capacity using the 6-minute walk test and the percentage of fat and musculoskeletal mass using bioelectrical impedance (InBody 720; Biospace, Seoul, KR). For the analyses, Pearson's correlation coefficients were used before adjusting by age and partial correlation coefficients adjusting by age using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY). Results The width of the quadriceps (mean ±  SD: 3.13 ±  0.57 cm) showed positive associations with isokinetic torque of extensors (r= 0.693), Q isometry (r = 0.657), musculoskeletal mass (r= 0.518), percentage of fat (r= 0.338) and functional capacity (r= 0.606); and negative associations with age (r= -0.158); although significance was only found for the isokinetic torque of extensors, quadriceps isometry and functional capacity (P < 0.05). The partial correlation of the isokinetic torque of extensors with the width of the quadriceps removing the effect of age was (r= 0.686, P= 0.029) and for quadriceps isometry (r= 0.650, P= 0.042). This partial correlation for functional capacity, removing the effect of age was r= 0.593 (P= 0.071). Conclusion Ultrasound can be a useful tool as an indicator of physical condition, in terms of strength of oncological patients. These findings support the use of ultrasound in the clinical context of oncological physical therapy as a possible method of functional assessment.

Milking ability in relation to size and shape of teats

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ovesen
Keyword(s):  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Jersey Cows

SUMMARYLength and diameter of teats were measured on first-lactation cows at Danish progeny testing stations. The cows were also classified into four groups according to shape of teat and teat tip. All traits were corrected for yield level and interval after calving and correlated with milking characteristics. The conclusions drawn were:1. Teat length influences both average rate of milk flow and yield on hand stripping. The most satisfactory milking is obtained in cows with short teats. In Red Danish, Black and White Danish and Jersey cows, respectively, desirable length of fore teat is ≤ 6, ≤ 6, and ≤ 5 cm, and of rear teat about 1 cm shorter.2. Teat diameter is of no significant importance to average rate of milk flow, but yield on hand stripping is most satisfactory when the diameter is ≤ 2·4 cm.3. Teat shape must be very extreme before an adverse influence is recorded on average rate of milk flow and yield on hand stripping.4. The milking characteristics of cows are correlated with shape of the teat tip. The highest rate of milk flow and the lowest yield on hand stripping is found in cows with flat and concave teat tips.5. A relationship exists between teat length and the shape of the teat tip, and partial correlation coefficients show that of the teat traits investigated the most important factor affecting average rate of milk flow is the shape of the teat tip whilst teat length—similar to the effect of teat diameter—is of greater importance to the yield on hand stripping. Investigations into the possible consequences for udder health must, however, be conducted before selection for a special shape of the teat tips is introduced.

scholarly journals ESTIMATES OF PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC CORRELATIONS IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. K. Odubute ◽  
J. O. Akinokun
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
West African ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goat ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Size At Birth

Records on 848 West African dwarf goat kids and 220 kiddings over a period of eight year's (1982-1989) were analyzed. The records were used to provide estimates of phenotypic and venetic correlations among parity, kidding interval, litter size at birth and body weight at various ages. Plenotypic correlation coefficients of +0.33 (P<0.01) and -0,17 (P<0.01) were obtained when parity was correlated with litter size at birth and kidding interval respectively. Phenotypic correlations among body weights were generally positive and significant (P<0.01). Parity was positively correlated (P<0.01) with body weight at the various ages except at 1 year (P>0.05). Litter size was, however, negatively correlated (P<0.01) with body weight at the various ages except at 1 year (P<0.05). The genetic correlations among body weights at variuus ages were positive and significant (P<0.01). Selection for body weight at in earlier age especially at 3 months is likely to result in improvement of yearling body weight.

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